1.简答题- (共4题)
(1)分析该地区下酸雨的原因____________________________。
(2)举一例说明酸雨对环境造成的危害__________________。
(3)该地区某中学环保小组提出了治理酸雨的下列措施,你认为其中不妥的是__________。
A.将硫酸厂搬离该地区
B.建议环保部门限令整改
C.将硫酸厂排出的废气中的二氧化硫处理后排放
D.工厂和居民改用较清洁的燃料
(4)可用熟石灰来处理硫酸厂排出的酸性废水,处理原理的化学方程式是______________。
(1)从组成上看,两者的不同点是___________________________。
(2)它们都能除铁锈,写出硫酸与铁锈主要成分反应的化学方程式_____________________,此实验的现象是___________________________。
(3)它们都能与碱反应生成盐和水,该类反应叫___________反应。例:写出盐酸与Al(OH)3发生反应的化学方程式_____________________________。
(4)打开两瓶分别盛有浓硫酸和浓盐酸的试剂瓶,瓶口出现白雾的是______________。
(1)写出两种鉴别的方法(只写试剂名称)_____________、____________。
(2)简述其中的一种鉴别方法(包括步骤、现象及结论)。
2.科学探究题- (共1题)
实验题目:浓硫酸的腐蚀性实验探究
(实验用品)浓硫酸、小木条、玻璃片
实验步骤 | 实验现象 | 结论 |
(1) | (2) | 浓硫酸有强烈的腐蚀性,使用时应十分小心。 |
(反思与交流)化工厂生产的硫酸是浓硫酸,实际应用需要各种浓度的稀硫酸,稀释时应正确操作。如在实验室稀释浓硫酸时,应先向烧杯中加入适量的______________,再沿烧杯内壁缓缓加入______________________,并用玻璃棒不断搅拌,使产生的热量迅速扩散。如果不慎将浓硫酸沾在皮肤上,应____________________。
3.单选题- (共4题)
A. 向pH=3的溶液中不断加水

B. 向锌粒中逐渐加入稀硫酸

C. 向H2SO4和CuSO4混合液中滴加NaOH溶液

D. 煅烧一定质量的石灰石

①高品质的食醋醋酸的含量很大
②醋酸含量的大小是衡量食醋品质的标准之一
③食醋中醋酸比水容易蒸发
④食醋上层所结成的冰层中醋酸的含量低于未结冰的下层溶液。
A. ①②③④
B. ①③
C. ②③
D. ②④
A. 用盐酸不能洗掉盛石灰水后留下的白色固体
B. 用硫酸可洗掉试管里残存的红褐色氢氧化铁
C. 酸有一些相似的化学性质,原因是它们与活动金属反应有氢气产生
D. 碱有一些相似的化学性质,原因是它们都能与空气中的二氧化碳反应
4.选择题- (共11题)
The old couple________for more man 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.
—I've decided to quit this job,but I'm afraid I won't be able to find a better one.
—________.You never know until you try.
—I've decided to quit this job,but I'm afraid I won't be able to find a better one.
—________.You never know until you try.
—I've decided to quit this job,but I'm afraid I won't be able to find a better one.
—________.You never know until you try.
阅读理解
Selena Gomez and I are scheduled to meet at a low-key coffee shop in Encino. Not wanting to keep the superstar waiting, I arrived at nine, 20 minutes early. As I was catching up on e-mails, Selena quietly scooted into the seat next to me. No bodyguard. Not even a drop of makeup. She was ten minutes early and so inconspicuous that no one else in the restaurant looked up so much. Selena was wearing Bebe shorts. She had a baby face and ordered a hot chocolate.
After making small talk about what she wore for the shoot, she dived into the subject of her career. Selena declared 2012 the year of movies. She filmed three: Spring Breakers, a drama; The Getaway, an action flick; and Hotel Transylvania, a comedy. Each is a marked move away from the teen style that made her a household name.
Now that her Disney days are behind her, Selena is at that unstable point in a child star's career where she is trying to grow up—both as a person(she turned 20 in July)and as an artist. “Being part of the Disney Channel was such a blessing, and I'm super happy with what my show accomplished, but acting is something I would like to take on more seriously.” She continued, “I don't necessarily feel accomplished. I want to create a whole different persona when it comes to acting.”
Selena has been working fulltime since she was seven years old and scored a role on Barney&Friends. In 2007, when she was offered the lead in Wizards of Waverly Place, Selena, her mother, and her stepfather uprooted from Grand Prairie, Texas, to LA, where they are settling now.
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Amy, a student in the USA, says that the best diet is to reduce what you eat and doplenty of exercise. Get involved in extra activities and never eat after 9 pmin case what you have eaten turns fat because your body system slows down inthe evening and also while you sleep.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Davidis studying in the USA and he believes that it is a good idea to increase the fiber he eats. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Fresh is the best: beans and special fiber materials are excellent choices.
In the UK, students believe that life as a student can be very difficult. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} One student, Jennifer, believes that you should eat well, rest well, takevitamins to supplement your diet and you will stay healthy.
But why are so many young people obsessed with diet and exercise? Mostly because they realize they are putting on weight and they know that obesity can lead toillnesses such as diabetes. Why do they put on weight? {#blank#}4{#/blank#} They get uplate in the morning, dress quickly, eat quickly and then at lunch they often eat fast food and drink soda, both of which are fattening. They then sit chatting to friends, go back to class and sit listening, and late in the afternoon they leave school, meet friends and sit and chat again. If you arelike most kids, you might have the same experience.
So,are you a student who is putting on weight? Which of the advice from other students do you think you will act on? {#blank#}5{#/blank#} So, think about your health and weight. They are both very important for your well-being and your marks at school.
A.Because they lead an unhealthylifestyle and eat the wrong foods.
B.A healthy body means both a healthymind and better marks at school.
C.That means for one whole day they haveeaten fattening foods without exercise.
D.This is found in whole grains, fruitand vegetables which are common and daily foods.
E.Try to go for at least a 10-minute walk after eating, or betterstill, go for a jog or a bicycle ride.
F.You study hard, find yourself understress and then spend a long time out with friends relaxing.
G.Because students who don't exercisetend to put on weight sooner and see a drop in their test scores.
One valuable tip for graduates is that first impressions during a job interview really________.
One valuable tip for graduates is that first impressions during a job interview really________.
5.填空题- (共4题)
配制步骤如下:
第一步:准确称量16.8g食品级小苏打粉末;
第二步:将第一步所称粉末配成200g溶液;
第三步:将第二步所得溶液取出10g,再加水配制成100g溶液即得到治疗胃酸过多的小苏打水(密度约为1.0g/mL)
请回答下列问题:
(1)第一步用到的主要仪器是_________________________________;第二步使用的玻璃仪器有__________________________________(至少写两种);
(2)第三步配制所得的小苏打水中NaHCO3的质量分数是___________________________。
苛性钠________________、熟石灰_________________、生石灰______________、食醋。
(2)请从以上物质按下列用途要求填空:
常用来改良酸性土壤的碱是_______________;
可以除去热水瓶里水垢的是______________;
可以做某些食品干燥剂的是______________;
广泛用于肥皂、造纸、纺织等工业上的重要化工原料的是_____________。
物质 | 厕所清洁剂 | 食醋 | 食盐水 | 牙膏 | 肥皂 | 厨房清洁剂 |
pH | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 12 |
(1)上述物质中,容易直接腐蚀铁制下水管道的有___________或_________;
(2)当蚂蚁、蚊子、蜜蜂等昆虫叮咬人时,会向人体注入一种叫蚁酸(具有酸性)的物质,使皮肤红肿、瘙痒,甚至疼痛。要减轻这种症状,在叮咬处涂抹下列____________或_________痛痒便会消失。
(3)测量厨房清洁剂pH时,pH试纸是否需要先用蒸馏水润湿_________(填“是”或“否”)
6.实验题- (共1题)
(1)要鉴别氢氧化钠稀溶液和饱和氢氧化钙溶液,下列方法不能够达到目的的是______(填序号)。
A.分别滴加碳酸钠溶液 |
B.分别通入二氧化碳 |
C.分别滴加稀盐酸 |
D.分别加热原溶液至80℃ |
(2)同学们将饱和氢氧化钙溶液与碳酸钠溶液混合,过滤得到滤渣和滤液。同时对滤液中溶质的成分进行了进一步探究:
(猜想与假设)甲同学认为:可能是NaOH、Na2CO3、Ca(OH)2;
乙同学认为:可能是NaOH、Na2CO3;
丙同学认为:可能是NaOH、Ca(OH)2;
丁同学认为:可能是______________(填化学式)。
(交流与评价)经过讨论,大家一致认为_______同学的猜想不合理。理由是_____________。
(实验与探究)(1)乙同学取原滤液,向其中倾倒足量的稀盐酸,观察到有大量气泡产生,于是得出该滤液中溶质是NaOH、Na2CO3的结论,证实了自己的猜想。
(2)丙同学取原滤液向其中通入足量的CO2,溶液____________现象(填“有”或“没有”),据此否定了自己的猜想。
(3)丁同学为了验证乙同学结论也取原滤液向其中滴加了少量稀盐酸,却发现无气泡产生。
(解释与结论)大家经过分析找出了丁同学所用试剂与乙同学相同,却没有看到气泡的原因。你认为可能的原因是__________________。
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【1】题量占比
简答题:(4道)
科学探究题:(1道)
单选题:(4道)
选择题:(11道)
填空题:(4道)
实验题:(1道)
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【2】:难度分析
1星难题:0
2星难题:0
3星难题:0
4星难题:2
5星难题:0
6星难题:8
7星难题:0
8星难题:4
9星难题:0