2014届中考化学专项练习 第九单元 溶液

适用年级:初三
试卷号:310075

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/8/18

1.单选题(共17题)

1.
在化学课上,老师做了一个趣味实验,在下面的装置中,用胶头滴管向瓶中的固体滴加一种液体,立即看到红色的小气球鼓起来。同学们纷纷猜测瓶内的固体和滴加的液体是什么,下面猜测可能正确的是(  )

①锌和稀硫酸;②石灰石和盐酸;③氯化钠和水;④氢氧化钠和水;⑤硝酸铵和水
A.①②③⑤B.①②④C.①②③⑤D.①③④⑤
2.
下列哪种方法洗涤餐具效果更好(   )
A.冷水
B.热水
C.在冷水中加入几滴洗涤剂
D.在热水中加入几滴洗涤剂
3.
衣服上沾有碘很难洗净。由下表分析,在家除去碘污渍最好选用()
溶质
溶剂

酒精
苯(一种有机溶剂,有毒)
汽油

微溶
可溶
易溶
易溶
 
A.水B.苯C.汽油D.碘酒
4.
下列有关溶液性质的说法错误的是(   )
A.煮沸的咸汤比煮沸的水温度高
B.溶液一定是无色透明的
C.食盐水能导电是因为食盐水中含有较多自由移动的离子
D.海水是盐溶液,所以冬天海水不易结冰
5.
以下关于溶液的叙述,正确的是(  )
A.溶液是均一、稳定的混合物
B.溶液是均一、透明的无色液体
C.正在配制的蔗糖溶液下面更甜,说明溶液中总是下面更浓
D.糖水是溶液,所以糖水放再长时间,蔗糖也不会分离出来
6.
海水淡化可采用膜分离技术。如图所示,对淡化膜右侧的海水加压,水分子可以透过淡化膜进入左侧淡水池,而海水中的各种离子不能通过淡化膜,从而得到淡水。对加压后右侧海水成分变化进行分析,正确的是( )
A.溶质质量增加B.溶液质量不变
C.溶剂质量减少D.溶质质量分数不变
7.
下列哪种方法不可能用于分离饱和溶液中的溶质和溶剂
A.过滤B.蒸发
C.蒸馏D.结晶
8.
如图为A、B两种不带结晶水的固体物质溶解度曲线,下列说法不正确的是(  )

A.30℃时,A物质的溶解度为20g
B.20℃时,A和B的溶解度相同
C.10℃时,等质量的A和B饱和溶液中,B的溶剂最少
D.等质量的A和B的饱和溶液从30℃降到20℃时,B析出的晶体最多
9.
将少量的生石灰加到一定质量的饱和石灰水中,溶液的温度升高,再恢复到室温(不考虑水的蒸发)。下图中四位同学对变化后溶液的分析错误的是()
10.
一杯20℃的NaNO3溶液,能证明它是饱和溶液的是( )
A.蒸发10g水有NaNO3晶体析出
B.降低10℃时,有NaNO3晶体析出
C.加入10g NaNO3晶体,仍有NaNO3晶体未溶解
D.在该温度下,加入少许NaNO3晶体,晶体质量不减少
11.
下列关于溶解度的说法正确的是   (    )
A.在温度不变时,溶剂量越多,溶质的溶解度越大
B.20℃时,100 g氯化钠饱和溶液中溶解了26.5 g氯化钠,则20℃时氯化钠的溶解度为26.5 g
C.搅拌可以使固体物质的溶解度增大
D.20℃时将31.6 g硝酸钾放入100 g水中,形成硝酸钾的饱和溶液,20℃时,硝酸钾的溶解度为31.6 g
12.
t1℃ 时,分别将20g甲、乙两种晶体(不含结晶水)加入盛有100g水的两个烧杯中,恰好完全溶解,升温到t2℃时出现甲、乙烧杯中所示的现象。根据上述实验,结合下图中甲、乙两物质的溶解度曲线,判断下列说法正确的是(  )
A.t1℃时烧杯中甲、乙两物质形成的溶液是不饱和溶液
B.t1℃时烧杯中甲、乙两物质形成的溶液溶质质量分数约为16.7%
C.t2℃时烧杯中甲物质溶液的质量是110g
D.t2℃时乙物质的溶解度是30g
13.
向 100g 水中不断加入固体 A 或改变温度,得到相应的溶液①~⑤。下列说法正确的是(   )

资料:A的溶解度
温度/℃
20
30
40
50
60
溶解度/g
37.2
41.4
45.8
50.4
55.2
 
A.②中 A 的质量分数最大
B.③⑤中 A 的质量分数相等
C.②④⑤的溶液为饱和溶液
D.①③④⑤中没有固体存在
14.
如图是A、B两种固体物质的溶解度曲线,下列说法正确的是
A.A的溶解度都大于B的溶解度
B.t1℃时,用等量水分别制成的A、B饱和溶液中,A的质量比B大
C.t2℃时,A、B两种饱和溶液中,溶质的质量分数相等
D.A、B两种饱和溶液都从t3℃降温到t2℃,析出的晶体一定等量
15.
根据如图熟石灰的溶解度曲线,以下说法正确的是(  )
A.熟石灰的溶解度为0.165 g
B.熟石灰的溶解度随温度升高而增大
C.熟石灰的饱和溶液降温时会析出晶体
D.20℃时,100 g水中加入1 g熟石灰,搅拌,得到饱和溶液
16.
右图是甲、乙、丙三种物质的溶解度曲线.下列说法正确的是
A.在t1℃时,三种物质的溶解度由大到水的顺序是甲>乙>丙
B.在t2℃时,甲、乙两物质的溶解度相等
C.甲、乙、丙三种物质的饱和溶液升温都会转化为不饱和溶液
D.当乙的饱和溶液中混有少量丙时,可采用降温结晶的方法析出丙
17.
用氯化钠配制100g溶质质量分数为0.9%的生理盐水,现有下列操作:①配制溶液;②称取氯化钠固体;③过滤;④量取蒸馏水;⑤计算.正确的操作顺序是()
A.①②③④B.⑤②④①C.⑤①②④D.③②④①

2.选择题(共9题)

18.阅读理解

    Hello,everybody.Welcome to surf on a new Web site—SCIENCE NEWS FOR KIDS!

    Our goal is to offer timely items of interest to kids,accompanied by suggestions for hands on activities,books, articles,Web resources,and other useful materials.

    Our emphasis is on making the Web site attractive by offering kids opportunities to comment on and grade the subject matter,get ideas for science projects,and try out math puzzles.At the same time,we offer teachers creative ways of using science news in their classrooms.

    The Science News for Kids Web site,supported by several corporations and foundations,strengthens the usefulness of Science News in the middle-school classroom and offers entertaining reading and activities for students interested in science.

    A section of the Science News for Kids Web site is devoted to particular interests.At present,we have six such zones: a weekly brainteaser(难题)for those who enjoy solving and inventing puzzles (PuzzleZone),entertaining science-fiction composition exercises for those interested in writing (SciFiZone),and weekly science short description along with science project ideas and tips (ScienceFairZone).The GameZone contains a small selection of logic and memory games.The TeacherZone has materials,including question sheets related to the feature article of the week,so that teachers can bring science news topics to the classroom.The LabZone features a weekly hands on activity or science project idea.In the future,we might add additional zones,for example,for kids interested in robotics,the environment,computers,math,or veterinary(兽医的)medicine and animals.

    Contact us at editor@snkids.com.         Science News for Kids            1719 N Street,N.W.

    Washington,DC 20036                 Phone :202-785-2255             Fax: 202-659-0365

19.应同学们要求,你将在下一次班会上向全班介绍你学习英语的经验体会。请就下表的内容,用英语写一篇短文,向同学们宣读。

采用方法

获益方面

朗读、背诵

多听、交际

记日记

掌握语法

记忆力、英语思维

听说能力

书面表达

正确表达

注意:

1).词数100左右;

2).短文开头已给出,不计入总词数。

Dear classmates,

    Now I'd like to tell you how I learn English.

20.

许多家庭的门上都装有防盗门镜(俗称“猫眼”),从室内透过防盗门镜向外看,可以看到来客的正立、缩小的像,由此可以断定,门镜的作用于一个:(    )


21.假如你是李明,你的朋友刘华打算放弃读大学而外出打工。请你根据下面的要点用英文给他写一封信,说明上大学的好处和你的看法,劝他打消这一念头。

1).你的态度;

2).列举上大学的好处(2-3点);

3).你对上大学的认识。

注意:

1).词数100左右;

2).可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3).信的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。

Dear Liu Hua,

    I learn that you prefer to work directly after high school rather than go to college.But I don't think it is a wise choice in a long term.

   

Liu Ming

22.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    After shopping,Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch.I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple.They ate silently,and it was clearly that things were not going well.As we left, Mother stopped on their table.“Excuse me,”she said,put her arm around the unhappy old woman.“You remind me so many of my mother.May I hug(拥抱)you?”The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.After we left,I said, “That was very nice of you,Mother.So I didn't think she looked like Grandma.”“Neither did me,”said Mother cheerfully.

23.语法填空

    Does the age gap matter in a relationship?

    The love story of French President Emmanuel Macron and Brigitte Trogneux, 24 years his senior, has aroused heated discussion on age differences {#blank#}1{#/blank#} relationships. Does age matter or should love prevail(战胜) over all?

    I find {#blank#}2{#/blank#} a very heartwarming love story. Not just this couple,{#blank#}3{#/blank#}any couple - what does age difference matter after all? If they love each other,{#blank#}4{#/blank#} ( devote) to the relationship and work on making it strong, that is what{#blank#}5{#/blank#} (count).

    It is nearly impossible for Chinese women to accept Macron's relationship. It is  {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (common) for older men to marry younger women, but for an older woman to marry a younger man is often seen as {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (appropriate). If you get along well, go for it, it's your life and life is way too short{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (let) a potential soul mate get away because of what you think others would say. I think it really doesn't matter. It is involved in the {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (devote) of the people and how well they enjoy each other's company is important along with supporting each other {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(emotion), financially etc....

24.完形填空

    Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It 1 our happiness when we are cheerful, and lessens our 2 when we are sad. A good book may absorb our attention so 3 that for the time being we forget our 4.

    Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, good books should never fail to give us 5. With a good book in our hands we will never be 6. Whether the characters in the book are taken from real life or are purely 7, they may become our companions and make us laugh. The people we meet in books may 8 us either because they are similar to our close friends or because they present 9 types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes 10 us, but the friends we make in books are always respect us. By turning the pages we can 11 them without any fear of hurting their feelings, When our human friends 12 us, good books are always there to give us sympathy and encouragement.

    One of the most valuable gifts from books is 13. Few of us can travel far from home.14 all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of book. When we wish to 15 from the dull realities of everyday life, a book will help us when 16 else can. To travel by book we don't have to 17 and save a lot of money. Through books we may gel the thrill of adventure without 18. We can climb high mountains or cross the hoi sands of the desert,19, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The 20 of our literary experiences are almost unlimited.

25.完形填空

    Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It 1 our happiness when we are cheerful, and lessens our 2 when we are sad. A good book may absorb our attention so 3 that for the time being we forget our 4.

    Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, good books should never fail to give us 5. With a good book in our hands we will never be 6. Whether the characters in the book are taken from real life or are purely 7, they may become our companions and make us laugh. The people we meet in books may 8 us either because they are similar to our close friends or because they present 9 types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes 10 us, but the friends we make in books are always respect us. By turning the pages we can 11 them without any fear of hurting their feelings, When our human friends 12 us, good books are always there to give us sympathy and encouragement.

    One of the most valuable gifts from books is 13. Few of us can travel far from home.14 all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of book. When we wish to 15 from the dull realities of everyday life, a book will help us when 16 else can. To travel by book we don't have to 17 and save a lot of money. Through books we may gel the thrill of adventure without 18. We can climb high mountains or cross the hoi sands of the desert,19, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The 20 of our literary experiences are almost unlimited.

26.

I want       an e-card        Mum.

3.填空题(共3题)

27.
请根据下列实验和溶解度曲线回答问题:

(已知水的密度约为1g/cm3
实验操作
实验结果
取100mL水,加入25g硝酸钾,搅拌,恢复至20℃
全部溶解,得溶液①
再加wg硝酸钾,搅拌,恢复至20℃
恰好饱和,得溶液②
再加25g硝酸钾,搅拌,恢复至20℃
得溶液③
加热
全部溶解,得溶液④
冷却至20℃
析出晶体,得溶液⑤
 
(1)③中溶液的质量为  g;一定属于不饱和溶液的是(填序号,下同)
(2)析出晶体的质量为
A.25g B.(w+25)g C.(w+50)g
28.
下表是3种物质在不同温度时的溶解度,根据表格信息答题。
温度/℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
溶解度/g
NaCl
35.7
36.0
36.6
37.3
38.4
39.8
KNO3
13.3
31.6
63.9
110
169
246
Ca(OH)2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.09
0.07
 
(1)某饱和溶液随温度升高有固体析出,则该饱和溶液的溶质是 (填化学式)。
(2)要配制20℃时的NaCl饱和溶液100g,需要NaCl的质量为 g(保留小数点后一位)。
(3)某KNO3晶体中有少量NaCl、Ca(OH)2杂质,要得到纯净KNO3的方法是:先加热溶解,然后 ,过滤、洗涤、干燥后得到KNO3晶体。
29.
(2011年广东揭阳,22题)在某温度下,NaCl 的溶解度为36g,求:
(1)在此温度下200g水最多可溶解 克NaCl
(2)2010g此温度下的饱和溶液里溶质的质量分数为    %(精确到0.1%)
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(17道)

    选择题:(9道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:16

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:0