2013-2014学年广西桂林中学高二上学期期末理科化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:高二
试卷号:309215

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2017/7/20

1.计算题(共1题)

1.
某有机物A只含有一个氧原子。将0.1 mol A在足量氧气中完全燃烧产生3.6g水,产物还能与100 mL 2mol/L烧碱溶液恰好完全反应,将所得溶液在低温下蒸干,能得到16.8g纯净物。请计算:①A的分子式;②若A的核磁共振氢谱只有一个吸收峰,请写出A的结构简式。

2.单选题(共12题)

2.
下列说法正确的是
A.丙炔中所有原子一定位于一条直线上
B.甘油醛分子()中一定存在对映异构现象
C.某烯烃的衍生物(分子式为C2H2Cl2)中一定存在顺反异构现象
D.1-丁烯中所有碳原子一定位于同一平面上
3.
下列各物质的沸点按由高到低顺序排列的是
①乙醇    ②乙烷    ③丙烷    ④乙二醇    ⑤1,2,3-丙三醇
A.①③④②⑤B.①④⑤③②
C.⑤④①③②D.⑤①③④②
4.
没食子儿茶素(EGC)的结构如下图所示。下列关于EGC的叙述中正确的是

A.EGC是一种稠环芳烃
B.EGC不能与浓溴水发生反应
C.EGC不能与钠单质发生反应
D.EGC的分子式为C15H14O5
5.
聚丙烯酸钠 (单体为:CH2=CHCOONa) 是一种高性能吸水树脂,可在干旱地区用于农业、林业、植树造林时的抗旱保水。下列关于聚丙烯酸钠的说法正确是
A.聚丙烯酸钠的结构式为
B.聚丙烯酸钠可以通过单体发生缩聚反应制得
C.聚丙烯酸钠具有热塑性
D.聚丙烯酸钠是一种体型结构的高分子材料
6.
阿司匹林是人们熟知的治感冒药,具有解热镇痛作用。它的化学名为乙酰水杨酸,结构简式如下图所示。下面关于它的说法,不正确的是
A.1mol 阿司匹林最多能与3mol H2加成
B.1mol 阿司匹林最多能与含2mol NaOH的烧碱溶液反应
C.用质谱法可以测定出阿司匹林的摩尔质量为180g/mol
D.阿司匹林中碳、氢、氧原子的个数比为9:8:4
7.
2-氯-1,4-丁二醇是合成氯丁橡胶过程中的中间体,其键线式如图所示。请按要求对该物质进行分析:
①该物质    (填“有”或“无”)手性碳原子。如果有,请在键线式上用“*”标记出手性碳原子,如果没有,请说明理由:
②通过红外光谱法,可以测定出该物质中存在有 等振动吸收。(填编号)
a、碳氢单键 b、碳碳双键    c、碳氧双键    d、碳碳三键
e、碳氧单键    f、氢氧单键 g、碳氯单键    h、苯环
8.
在核磁共振氢谱中出现三组峰,其氢原子数之比为3︰1︰1的化合物是
A.B.C.D.
9.
α-H。无α—H的醛在强碱作用下生成酸和醇的反应被称作康尼扎罗反应,如:2HCHO + NaOH → CH3OH + HCOONa。由此判断,下列化合物中可以发生康尼扎罗反应的是
A.CH3CHOB.C.D.(CH3)2CHCHO
10.
某气态有机物A的密度是同状况下氢气的15倍,氧元素的质量分数约为53.3%,能与新制氢氧化铜反应产生砖红色沉淀。若将含有0.01mol A的溶液与足量银氨溶液反应,产生银的质量为
A.4.32gB.3.24gC.2.16gD.1.08g
11.
有机物甲的分子式为C7H14O2,在酸性条件下甲能水解为乙和丙两种有机物。相同条件下,同质量的乙和丙的蒸气所占体积相同,则甲的可能结构有
A.2种B.4种C.6种D.8种
12.
二十世纪化学合成技术的发展对人类健康水平和生活质量的提高做出了巨大贡献。下列各组物质全部为合成高分子材料的是
A.纤维素 涤纶B.麦芽糖 胰岛素
C.有机玻璃 酚醛树脂D.淀粉硫化橡胶
13.
下列说法正确的是
A.天然气和液化石油气都属于化石燃料,它们的主要成分都是甲烷
B.石油的催化重整是获取烷烃和烯烃的主要途径
C.葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖都属于还原性糖
D.用热的KOH溶液能区分石蜡油和牛油

3.选择题(共18题)

14.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms( 习语 ), though my teacher emphasized(强调) the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.

    One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be astonished. Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don't say!” “You don't say!” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not an appropriate(合适的) topic. “Well, I'd better change the topic.” So I said to him. “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way, have you ever been there?” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was magnificent(宏伟的).” He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was interrupted again by his words “You don't say!” I couldn't help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well, I didn't request you to do so,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn't you say ‘you don't say?'” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don't say' actually means ‘really!'. It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know I had made a fool of myself. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions(习语表达). Remember -- what the English teachers said is always right to us students.

15.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms( 习语 ), though my teacher emphasized(强调) the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.

    One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be astonished. Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don't say!” “You don't say!” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not an appropriate(合适的) topic. “Well, I'd better change the topic.” So I said to him. “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way, have you ever been there?” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was magnificent(宏伟的).” He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was interrupted again by his words “You don't say!” I couldn't help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well, I didn't request you to do so,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn't you say ‘you don't say?'” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don't say' actually means ‘really!'. It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know I had made a fool of myself. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions(习语表达). Remember -- what the English teachers said is always right to us students.

16.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms( 习语 ), though my teacher emphasized(强调) the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.

    One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be astonished. Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don't say!” “You don't say!” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not an appropriate(合适的) topic. “Well, I'd better change the topic.” So I said to him. “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way, have you ever been there?” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was magnificent(宏伟的).” He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was interrupted again by his words “You don't say!” I couldn't help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well, I didn't request you to do so,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn't you say ‘you don't say?'” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don't say' actually means ‘really!'. It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know I had made a fool of myself. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions(习语表达). Remember -- what the English teachers said is always right to us students.

17.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Policeman: Now, Jimmy, did you get a good view of the accident?

Jimmy: Oh, yes. I was standing outside the bank building and I saw it quite clearly.

Policeman: Do you know what time it was?

Jimmy: Yes. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} It was 2:45 exactly.

Policeman: Good. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

Jimmy: Well, quite slowly --- about 10 miles an hour. It was coming up York Road. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} But they were still red when he went over them.

Policeman: I see. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} was it also driving slowly?

Jimmy: It was coming along Union Street about 30 miles per hour. It was a blue Toyota. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

Policeman: Did you see what colour his traffic light was?

Jimmy: Yes, it changed to yellow just before he crossed it.

A. What about the car?

B. I checked my watch.

C. Didn't you see the car?

D. Now, how fast was the truck moving?

E. Was the car going beyond the speed limit?

F.I suppose(猜想) the truck driver knew the lights were going to change.

G. The driver stopped his car when he saw the truck crossing the street.

18.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Policeman: Now, Jimmy, did you get a good view of the accident?

Jimmy: Oh, yes. I was standing outside the bank building and I saw it quite clearly.

Policeman: Do you know what time it was?

Jimmy: Yes. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} It was 2:45 exactly.

Policeman: Good. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

Jimmy: Well, quite slowly --- about 10 miles an hour. It was coming up York Road. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} But they were still red when he went over them.

Policeman: I see. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} was it also driving slowly?

Jimmy: It was coming along Union Street about 30 miles per hour. It was a blue Toyota. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

Policeman: Did you see what colour his traffic light was?

Jimmy: Yes, it changed to yellow just before he crossed it.

A. What about the car?

B. I checked my watch.

C. Didn't you see the car?

D. Now, how fast was the truck moving?

E. Was the car going beyond the speed limit?

F.I suppose(猜想) the truck driver knew the lights were going to change.

G. The driver stopped his car when he saw the truck crossing the street.

19.

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除

或修改。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。修改:在错的词下划一横线,在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1)每处错误及修改均仅限一词。

      2)只允许修改 10 处,多者(从 11 处起)不计分。

      3)请注意改错要求并将答案改在答题卷的相应位置,其他位置无效。

    My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn't need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.

    My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

20.

She finished     the novel and returned it to me in time.

21.

— I have too much housework to do at home.

—_______ask your husband for help?

22.

— I have too much housework to do at home.

—_______ask your husband for help?

23.

— What are you going to do if it______ tomorrow?

—I haven't thought about it.

24.

— What are you going to do if it______ tomorrow?

—I haven't thought about it.

25.

— What are you going to do if it______ tomorrow?

—I haven't thought about it.

26.

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    In order to know a foreign language thoroughly (完全地) , four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear {#blank#}1{#/blank#} spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (correct) with confidence and without hesitation(犹豫). {#blank#}3{#/blank#} we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.

    There is no easy way to success in language learning. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}  good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only {#blank#}5{#/blank#} ( memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and {#blank#}6{#/blank#} meaning, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. {#blank#}7{#/blank#} we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (advise) for those {#blank#}9{#/blank#} are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (write) the language whenever we can.

27.

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    In order to know a foreign language thoroughly (完全地) , four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear {#blank#}1{#/blank#} spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (correct) with confidence and without hesitation(犹豫). {#blank#}3{#/blank#} we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.

    There is no easy way to success in language learning. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}  good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only {#blank#}5{#/blank#} ( memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and {#blank#}6{#/blank#} meaning, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. {#blank#}7{#/blank#} we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (advise) for those {#blank#}9{#/blank#} are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (write) the language whenever we can.

28.

She had a _______, so she went to see the dentist.

29.

She had a _______, so she went to see the dentist.

30.

— What's the matter _____your younger sister?  

— She has a cough.

31.

Could we get_______to drink after the movie?

4.填空题(共3题)

32.
尿嘧啶(U)是核酸中的一种碱基。它由C、H、O、N四种元素组成,其球棍模型如右图所示。由此推断,尿嘧啶可能发生的反应有     (填编号)。

①水解  ②加聚  ③酯化  ④消去  ⑤银镜  ⑥还原
33.
食品添加剂必须严格按照食品安全国家标准(GB2760-2011)的规定使用。常作为食品添加剂中的防腐剂W,可以经过如下反应路线合成(部分反应条件略)。

①已知A→B为加成反应,则A的结构简式为 。请用化学方程式表示实验室制取A的原理:    
②用D的同分异构体D1制备
a、D1的结构简式为
b、为避免副反应R-OH+R-OHR-O-R+H2O的发生,合理的制备途径可以按照酯化、 的顺序依次进行(填反应类型)。
③已知乙烯不能被弱氧化剂氧化。依C→D→E的原理,由E制备W的4步转化为:
第1步: (用化学方程式表示);
第2步:消去反应;
第3步: (用化学方程式表示);
第4步:加适量稀酸酸化,提纯。
34.
下图为某实验小组制取乙酸乙酯的实验装置图,烧瓶中盛有乙醇和浓H2SO4。反应时,将乙酸从分液漏斗滴入烧瓶中即可。

①为方便研究酯化反应的过程,乙醇中的氧原子用18O进行了标记(即C2H518OH),请用氧的同位素示踪法写出乙酸与乙醇发生酯化反应的化学方程式:
②装置A的名称是   ,使用时要先从    口(填“a”或“b”)进水。
③实验结束后,锥形瓶中收集到乙酸乙酯、乙醇和乙酸的混合液。为了将这三者进行分离,该小组依如下流程进行了进一步的实验:

试剂(a)是   ,试剂(b)是    
分离方法(1)是 ,分离方法(2)是 ,分离方法(3)是
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(12道)

    选择题:(18道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:15

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:0