2013届辽宁省锦州市中考一模化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:307879

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/1/23

1.简答题(共2题)

1.
在“宏观、微观、符号”之间建立联系,是化学学科特有的思维方式.下图是某反应的微观示意图,请回答下列问题:
(1)生成的单质与化合物分子的个数比为  
(2)根据上述示意图,请从微观角度描述化学变化的实质是       
2.
将148g氯化钙溶液与一定量的碳酸钠溶液混合,恰好完全反应.过滤后,得到20g沉淀和溶质质量分数10%的溶液.求:碳酸钠溶液中溶质质量分数是多少?

2.推断题(共1题)

3.
A~F是初中化学常见的化合物.下列框图是这些物质之间相互转化的过程(各步反应均恰好完全反应,其中部分生成物已略去).请回答下列问题:

(1)操作I的名称是__;
(2)写出下列物质的化学式:B___,D___;
(3)固体A可能是_______________(填化学式,写出一种情况即可);
(4)C溶液与硝酸银溶液生成白色沉淀D的化学方程式是______________________;
(5)E溶液与F溶液生成白色沉淀的化学方程式是___________________________,该反应属于__________反应(填基本反应类型)

3.单选题(共8题)

4.
下列变化属于化学变化的是()
A.干冰升华
B.电灯通电发光
C.生铁炼成钢
D.分离液态空气制取氧气
 
5.
下列图象与对应的操作相符的是(  )




A.在密闭容器中,点燃一氧化碳和氧气的混合气体
B.向pH=12的氢氧化钠溶液中不断加水稀释
C.向部分变质的氢氧化钠溶液中不断加稀盐酸
D.用等质量和等质量分数的双氧水分别制取氧气
 
A. A B. B C. C D. D
6.
下列说法中正确的是()
A.可燃物的温度达到着火点就一定能燃烧
B.有单质和化合物生成的反应一定是置换反应
C.使无色酚酞变红的溶液一定是碱溶液
D.能与碱发生中和反应的物质一定是酸
7.
某密闭容器中有W、氧气、二氧化碳三种物质,在一定条件下充分反应,测得反应前后各物质的质量如下表,根据表中信息,判断下列说法正确的是(  )
物质
W
O2
CO2
H2O
反应前质量/g
16
72
2
0
反应后质量/g
0
待测
46
36
 
A.待测数值为6g
B.W一定不是氧化物
C.CO2是反应物,H2O是生成物
D.反应中CO2和H2O质量变化之比为23:18
8.
大米、面粉、花生等熟食在闷热、潮湿条件下容易滋生黄曲霉菌.黄曲霉菌中含黄曲霉素(C17H12O6),使用后可能诱发疾病.下列叙述不正确的是()
A.黄曲霉素属于有机物
B.黄曲霉素由C、H、O三种元素组成
C.1个黄曲霉素分子中含有35个原子
D.含黄曲霉素的食物经高温蒸煮后可以使用
9.
关于分子、原子的说法,下列叙述正确的是()
A.水结成冰后,水分子有运动变为静止
B.水变成水蒸气,水分子的化学性质发生了改变
C.保持水化学性质的微粒是水分子
D.水沸腾时能掀起壶盖,是因为温度升高分子体积变大
10.
除去下列物质中的少量杂质(括号内是杂质),其中方法正确的是(  )
选项
物质
除去杂质的方法
A
Cu粉(Zn粉)
加入过量稀盐酸,搅拌、过滤、洗涤、干燥
B
CaO粉末(CaCO3粉末)
加入过量水、搅拌、过滤、洗涤、干燥
C
FeCl3溶液(CuCl2溶液)
加入过量的锌粉,过滤
D
NaCl溶液(Na2SO4溶液)
加入过量BaCL2溶液,充分反应后过滤
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
11.
生活中的下列物品,用有机合成材料制成的是()
A.木桶B.塑料油桶C.纯棉袜子D.不锈钢厨具

4.选择题(共20题)

12.

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

    Every country shares things {#blank#}1{#/blank#} common: we value family and laughter, cherish food and health, and celebrate large {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(festival) and traditions. Yet within the similar things we share, there are unique parts of each country. One of characteristics that are famous of British people {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(be) their sense of humor, particularly self-mockery (自嘲). This is a type of humor that criticizes and undervalues oneself. For example, a fat person may joke: “I am on a new sea food diet. If I see food, I eat it.” This is {#blank#}4{#/blank#} well-known self-mockery joke. It's difficult why self-mockery {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(tie) to the British people. But every nation's sense of humor comes from its culture and history. It could come from another British characteristic, modesty, {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(mean) not talking openly about your skills. This seems to be something that is similar to people in China, {#blank#}7{#/blank#} modesty plays a big part in daily life. It also acts as a defense of our self-respect by playing down our skills, this can {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(less) the chance of people criticizing us. Another possible reason is {#blank#}9{#/blank#} the British people do not take themselves too {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(serious).

13.

Word came ________ our country has sent up another man-made satellite. I was always wondering ________ the scientist managed to make such a great achievement.

14.

Word came ________ our country has sent up another man-made satellite. I was always wondering ________ the scientist managed to make such a great achievement.

15.

      at the top of the mountain, we caught sight of a river     over 250 meters broad.

16.

This modern hotel, ______ the visitors can enjoy the best service in the city, is ________Mary stayed last time.

17.

It is he , rather than I, that     in the company for two years.

18.

It is he , rather than I, that     in the company for two years.

19.

In the past decade, our education system          too much on grades. However,       grades have a direct connection with future success is still a question.

20.

The fact that so many people still smoke          that we need a nationwide campaign _________ the awareness of the dangers of smoking.

21.

What great means! How did you manage to find       ? It is the first time I         such wonderful means.

22.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Welcome to our third newsletter of the year!

    Our major activity for March is our Walk for the Woods fundraising event on Saturday, 17th March, starting any time between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. We will be walking the distance between Warley Woods and Tipperary. It is indeed a long way—80 miles. The more people that you can get to sponsor you, the more money we can raise to help look after our beautiful woodland. More information is available on our website.

    The Sunday volunteers planted two beeches and an oak last week. This was thanks to the money from the Big Tree Plant and to Lisa and Gordon Whitaker, whose friends gave money for the big trees instead of for their wedding presents. Thanks to everyone who took part.

    There were 15 volunteers at the Oral History Training Day which was led very ably by Julia Letts. The group will be meeting again and will start to interview the local people who have offered to tell their stories. We are happy to hear from others who would like to be interviewed about their memories of the Woods for the project. If you or anyone you know is interested, please call Viv Cole at the office. This project is financed by Heritage Lottery Fund.

    There was a huge response to the Forest Schools activities held at half term. These will be held again during the Easter holidays on the following dates: 4th April from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. for over 8s. On 12th April from 10 a. m. to 12 noon, there will be a Teddy Bears' Picnic for the under 8s. All these must be booked in advance.

    Finally, don't forget the Easter Egg Roll on Bank Holiday, 9th April, starting at 11 a.m. Bring your own hard-boiled and decorated egg to roll down the hill in the woods. The first past the finishing line will win a large chocolate egg! This year, due to popular demand, there will also be an Adults' Easter Egg Roll following the children's competition.

    We look forward to seeing you all soon, at one of our many events!

23.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Welcome to our third newsletter of the year!

    Our major activity for March is our Walk for the Woods fundraising event on Saturday, 17th March, starting any time between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. We will be walking the distance between Warley Woods and Tipperary. It is indeed a long way—80 miles. The more people that you can get to sponsor you, the more money we can raise to help look after our beautiful woodland. More information is available on our website.

    The Sunday volunteers planted two beeches and an oak last week. This was thanks to the money from the Big Tree Plant and to Lisa and Gordon Whitaker, whose friends gave money for the big trees instead of for their wedding presents. Thanks to everyone who took part.

    There were 15 volunteers at the Oral History Training Day which was led very ably by Julia Letts. The group will be meeting again and will start to interview the local people who have offered to tell their stories. We are happy to hear from others who would like to be interviewed about their memories of the Woods for the project. If you or anyone you know is interested, please call Viv Cole at the office. This project is financed by Heritage Lottery Fund.

    There was a huge response to the Forest Schools activities held at half term. These will be held again during the Easter holidays on the following dates: 4th April from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. for over 8s. On 12th April from 10 a. m. to 12 noon, there will be a Teddy Bears' Picnic for the under 8s. All these must be booked in advance.

    Finally, don't forget the Easter Egg Roll on Bank Holiday, 9th April, starting at 11 a.m. Bring your own hard-boiled and decorated egg to roll down the hill in the woods. The first past the finishing line will win a large chocolate egg! This year, due to popular demand, there will also be an Adults' Easter Egg Roll following the children's competition.

    We look forward to seeing you all soon, at one of our many events!

24.

      with many other children, he found himself      with love and care all the way . It is therefore no wonder that he grew to be a loving kid.

25.

      with many other children, he found himself      with love and care all the way . It is therefore no wonder that he grew to be a loving kid.

26.已知椭圆E: {#mathml#}x2a2+y2b2{#/mathml#} =1的离心率为 {#mathml#}12{#/mathml#} ,点F1,F2是椭圆E的左、右焦点,过F1的直线与椭圆E交于A,B两点,且△F2AB的周长为8.
27.

At the top of the mountain, visitors can have a good        of the whole city.

28.

At the top of the mountain, visitors can have a good        of the whole city.

29.

The man you referred to          to be an honest man.

30.

The man you referred to          to be an honest man.

31.

The man you referred to          to be an honest man.

5.填空题(共7题)

32.
下图中A、B、C、D是四种微粒的结构示意图,E是碘元素在元素周期表中的部分信息.回答下列问题:

(1)A、B、C、D四种微粒共表示___种元素;
(2)在A、C、D三种微粒中与B微粒的化学性质相似的是__;
(3)C中X=___,从E图中你获得的信息是__________________(答出一条即可);
(4)碘盐中含有碘酸钾(KIO3),碘酸钾中碘元素的化合价为___价.
33.
用化学符号表示:
(1)3个氖原子   
(2)2个氯原子  
(3)用于改良酸性土壤的一种碱   
34.
丙酸钠是包装食品中常用的防腐剂之一,其化学式为C3H5O2Na,请回答下列问题:
(1)丙酸钠中碳、氧元素的质量比为   
(2)含7.2碳元素的丙酸钠质量是   g
35.
A、B、C三种固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示.
(1)t2℃时,将A、B、C各25g分别放入100g水中,充分搅拌后,能形成饱和溶液的物质是  ,将其转化为不饱和溶液,可采用的一种方法是      ) 
(2)t2℃时,将A、C两种物质的饱和溶液各100g,分别降温到t1℃时,所得A物质溶液的质量  C物质溶液的质量(填“>”“=”或“<”).
(3)t1℃时,将A、B、C三种物质的饱和溶液升温到t2℃(其它条件不变),所得溶液溶质质量分数由大到小的顺序为   
36.
化学与人类密切相关.
(1)我们每天要摄入大量的食物,其中肉、蛋、奶中含有的主要营养素是  
(2)常用的洗洁精清洗餐具上的油污,这是因为洗洁精具有  作用,长期使用的暖水瓶内胆常有一层水垢,可以用厨房中的   除去;
(3)近年来,某些自来水厂在用液氯进行消毒处理时还要加入一种物质X,X能延长液氯杀菌时间,其反应化学方程式为X+HClO=NH2Cl+H2O,则X的化学式是     
37.
至去年9月以来,我国许多地区发生较大范围雾霾天气,PM2.5是造成这样天气的“元凶”之一.PM2.5是指大气压中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物,主要来自化石燃料的燃烧(如机动车尾气、燃煤),PM2.5对人体健康和空气质量的影响很大
(1)以下不属于化石燃料的是  (填字母,下同);
A、天然气   B、石油 C、氢气 D、煤
(2)下列措施中能降低空气中PM的是    
A、植树造林 B、露天焚烧秸秆
C、雾霾天气出行戴口罩 D、尽量乘公交车或骑自行车出行,少开私家车
(3)大量使用化石燃料除了会导致PM2.5超标以外,还会引起其它环境问题,如:   
等,因此人们要注重开发和使用新能源;
(4)汽车尾气中含有多种大气污染物,在催化剂的作用下可以使其中的CO和NO迅速反应转化为两种无毒的气体,其中一种是空气中含量最多的气体,这样能减少空气的污染,请你写出该反应的化学方程式
38.
下列是初中化学常见的四个实验,回答下列问题:

(1)图A所示实验的错误是     
(2)图B所示实验中导致实验结果偏大的原因是   (答出一点即可);
(3)图C所示实验中的错误操作,可能导致所配制溶液溶质质量分数    (填“偏大”、“偏小”或“不变”);
(4)图D所示实验的错误操作,可能导致的后果是      

6.实验题(共1题)

39.
某学习小组在探究“酸的化学性质”时,做了如图所示的A、B两个实验.分别向氢氧化钠和碳酸钠溶液中加入一定质量的稀硫酸,反应结束后,把废液倒入同一个废液缸中,观察到废液缸中产生少量气泡.请回答下列问题:

(1)试管A中的化学方程式是   ,在实验过程中并没有观察到该反应的明显现象,请你写出一种能观察到变化发生的方法     

(2)通过分析废液缸中的现象,你认为B试管的废液中溶质成分是   (填化学式,下同);
(3)小组同学对废液缸中最终废液的成分进行探究,请你一起参与探究
(提出问题)最终废液中溶质是什么?
(查阅资料)硫酸钠溶液显中性
(假设猜想)猜想①:Na2SO4
猜想②:Na2SO4、Na2CO3
猜想③:   
(实验探究)请你设计实验,确定哪个猜想是正确的.
实验步骤
 
实验结论
 取少量废液于试管中 
 滴加紫色石蕊试液 
 
  
 
猜想1正确
    
 
猜想2正确
    
 
猜想3正确
 
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(2道)

    推断题:(1道)

    单选题:(8道)

    选择题:(20道)

    填空题:(7道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:4

    9星难题:1