2014届上海市宝山区中考一模(即期末)化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:307781

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/2/10

1.单选题(共9题)

1.
镁在二氧化碳中燃烧的化学方程式为2Mg+CO2C +2MgO。该反应中还原剂是
A.MgB.CO2C.MgOD.C
2.
下列图像能正确反映对应变化关系的是
A.高温煅烧一定量的碳酸钙
B.t℃时在一定量饱和硫酸铜溶液中加入无水硫酸铜
C.高温条件下碳还原氧化铜
D.一定量的镁在氧气中燃烧
3.
下列物质的用途中,主要利用其物理性质的是
A.用稀有气体作焊接金属的保护气B.用生石灰作干燥剂
C.活性炭用在防PM2.5的专用口罩上D.用石灰浆粉刷墙壁
4.
下列化学方程式书写正确且属于化合反应的是
A.2H2O2H2↑+O2
B.2 Mg+O2MgO
C.C+2CuO2Cu + CO2
D.3Fe+2O2Fe3O4
5.
某氮的氧化物和CO在催化剂的作用下充分反应,生成N2和CO2。若测得N2和CO2的物质的量之比为1:2,则该氮的氧化物的化学式为
A.NO2B.NOC.N2OD.N2O4
6.
氯酸钾(KClO3)中氯元素的化合价为
A.-1B.+3C.+5D.+7
7.
下列说法正确的是(  )
A.4mol H2中含8mol氢
B.1mol磷酸(H3PO4)的质量为98克/摩尔
C.0.5mol H2O2中含有1mol O2
D.等质量的O2和O3中所含氧原子的物质的量相同
8.
下列现象的微观解释中,正确的是
A. 水沸腾时可掀起壶盖——水分子大小随温度升高而增大
B. 一氧化碳可燃、氧气助燃——不同分子的化学性质不同
C. 河面上的水结成冰后不再流动一一水分子停止运动
D. 水通电生成氢气和氧气——水中含有氢分子和氧分子
9.
下列物质分散到水中,能形成溶液的是
A.碳酸钙B.汽油C.蔗糖D.冰

2.选择题(共7题)

10.有一个已知内阻RA=10Ω,RV=2000Ω,来测一个未知电阻Rx.用图中甲和乙两种电路分别对它进行测量,用甲图电路测量时,两表读数分别为6V,6mA,用乙图电路测量时,两表读数分别为5.9V,10mA,则用{#blank#}1{#/blank#}图所示电路测该电阻的阻值误差较小,测量值Rx={#blank#}2{#/blank#}Ω,真实值Rx={#blank#}3{#/blank#}Ω

11.用伏安法测电阻有两种测量电路,一种是电流表的内接法,一种是电流表的外接法.若在某次测量中,用内接法测量时电压表和电流表的读数分别是U1=5V,I1=0.6A;而当用外接法测量时,电压表和电流表的读数又分别为U2=4.6V,I2=0.8A.设电源电动势保持不变,且电源内阻忽略不计,则:
12.采用电流表内接法测电阻时,电压表的示数为1.2V,电流表的示数为0.48A,电流表内阻为0.50Ω,被测电阻的真实值为{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Ω.
13.

阅读理解

Exploit your parking space

    An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to£200 or£300 a week. Put an advertisement for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark

Rent a room

    Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客)earn you an income, but also, thank to the government-backed "rent a room" program, you won't have to pay any tax on the first£4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.

Make money during special events

    Don't want a full-time lodger? Then rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space.

Live on set

    Renting your home out as a "film set" could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and how long your home is needed. A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free—but you will be charged if your home gets picked.

Use your roof

    You need the right kind of roof, but some energy companies pay the cost of fixing solar equipment (around£14,000),and let you use the energy produced for nothing. In return, they get paid for unused energy fed back into the National Grid. However, you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof.

根据短文内容,请将单词填写在题号对应的横线上。

14.

阅读理解

Exploit your parking space

    An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to£200 or£300 a week. Put an advertisement for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark

Rent a room

    Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客)earn you an income, but also, thank to the government-backed "rent a room" program, you won't have to pay any tax on the first£4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.

Make money during special events

    Don't want a full-time lodger? Then rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space.

Live on set

    Renting your home out as a "film set" could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and how long your home is needed. A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free—but you will be charged if your home gets picked.

Use your roof

    You need the right kind of roof, but some energy companies pay the cost of fixing solar equipment (around£14,000),and let you use the energy produced for nothing. In return, they get paid for unused energy fed back into the National Grid. However, you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof.

根据短文内容,请将单词填写在题号对应的横线上。

15.为测某电阻R的阻值,分别接成如图所示的甲、乙两电路,在甲电路中电压表和电流表的示数分别为4V和3.9mA,乙电路中两表示数分别为3V和4mA,则待测电阻的值应为(   )

16.

阅读理解

    New York Time—A gunman killed eight people at a mall in Omaha this afternoon and then killed himself, setting off panic among holiday shoppers, the police said.

    "The person who we believe to be the shooter has died from self-inflicted gunshot wounds," Sergeant Teresa Negron of the Omaha Police Department said at televised news." We have been able to clear the mall," she said." We don't believe we have any other shooters." The police said that at least five other people had been injured in the shootings.

    She did not give the shooter's identity." We are still conducting the investigation," Sergeant Negron said, adding that the city's mayor, who was out of town, was on his way back to Omaha.

    She said the police received a 911 call from someone inside the Westroads Mall on the west side of Omaha, and shots could be heard in the background. The first police officers arrived at the mall six minutes after the first call, she said but by then the shootings were over.

    It is reported that the gunman left a suicide note that was found at his home by relatives. A law enforcement official who spoke on condition of anonymity(匿名)said the note indicated that the gunman wanted to "go out in style."

    The shootings broke the usually ordinary routine of holiday shopping. The gunman was said by some witnesses to have fired about 20 shots into a crowd. Some customers and workers ran screaming from the mall, while others dived into dressing rooms to hide from the shooter.

    Shoppers and store workers were trapped inside the mall, which has roughly 135 stores. Others streamed out of mall exits with their hands raised. President Bush was in Omaha this morning to deliver a speech, but he had left the city by the time the shootings took place.

根据短文内容,请将单词填写在题号对应的横线上。

3.多选题(共1题)

17.
化学符号与符号的意义表示正确的是
A.2CO2—2个二氧化碳B.NH4Cl—氯化氨
C.2O—2个氧原子D.FeSO4—硫酸铁

4.填空题(共4题)

18.
在一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氦气、氢气和二氧化硫中选择适当的物质用化学式填空:
(1)以游离态存在且具有可燃性的气体是
(2)可充入霓虹灯的气体是   
(3)会引起酸雨的气体是    
(4)易与人体血红蛋白结合的有毒气体是
19.
山梨酸(C6H8O2)是一种高效安全防腐保鲜剂。
(1)山梨酸中含有    种元素。  
(2)山梨酸摩尔质量为         
(3)含6.02×1023个氧原子的山梨酸的质量是       克。
20.
如图为甲、乙、丙三种不含结晶水的固体物质溶解度曲线,据图回答:

(1)t1℃时,甲、乙、丙三种物质的溶解度由小到大的顺序是   
(2)t2℃时,将25g甲固体放入30g水中,充分搅拌,所得溶液的溶质质量分数是    %。
(3)t3℃时,将三种物质各mg分别加入100g水中,充分溶解后,只有一种能形成饱和溶液,则m的取值范围是      
(4)将t1℃时甲、乙、丙三种物质的饱和溶液升温至t3℃,溶质质量分数最大的物质是  
21.
根据下列装置图回答问题。

Ⅰ.写出仪器a的名称是      ,仪器b的名称        
Ⅱ.实验室用氯酸钾和二氧化锰制取并收集较纯的氧气,应采用的装置组合是   ,写出该反应的化学方程式    
Ⅲ.上图的发生装置中符合启普发生器原理的简易装置是     (填字母代号)。
Ⅳ.硫化氢(H2S)是一种有毒的气体,其密度比空气的大,能溶于水形成氢硫酸。实验室通常用启普发生器或简易启普发生器制取硫化氢气体,说明实验室制取硫化氢气体的反应物状态和反应条件是    ;根据上述信息实验室制取硫化氢气体的最佳收集装置是    (填字母代号)。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(9道)

    选择题:(7道)

    多选题:(1道)

    填空题:(4道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:6

    9星难题:6