湖北省沙洋县2019届九年级上学期期中考试化学试题

适用年级:初三
试卷号:305098

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2018/11/20

1.计算题(共2题)

1.
紫钰同学为了测定实验室中某氯酸钾的纯度,取5g该样品与1g二氧化锰混合,加热到不再产生气体为止,称量剩余固体的质量为4.08g,求:
(1)完全反应后产生氧气的质量为_____g;
(2)求样品中氯酸钾的质量分数(纯度)________。
2.
2015年10月5日,中国宁波籍科学家屠呦呦因发现青蒿素(化学式为C15H22O5,一种用于治疗疟疾的药物)而获得诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。青蒿素的发现挽救了全球特别是发展中国家数百万人的生命。试计算:
(1)青蒿素的相对分子质量___________;
(2)青蒿素中C、H、O元素的质量比_______;
(3)青蒿素中碳元素的质量分数___________。

2.推断题(共1题)

3.
A~G是初中常见的7种物质,它们有如下图所示的转化关系(部分产物已略去)。已知A、C是无色液体,B、F是无色气体,其中大量排放F会引起温室效应,D是黑色固体,G是暗紫色固体。

(1)请写出下列物质的化学式: A_____;H_________。
(2)请写出化学反应方程式:B→F_______________、G→B_____________。
(3)实验室常用_________检验B气体。

3.单选题(共20题)

4.
下列变化中,属于化学变化的是(  )
A.汽油挥发B.车胎爆炸C.铁生锈D.液化空气
5.
下列变化过程一定发生化学反应的是:
A.吸附B.变色C.爆炸D.燃烧
6.
化学概念在逻辑上存在如图所示的关系:

下列对概念间的关系的说法中正确的是( )
A.纯净物与混合物属于包含关系
B.化合物与氧化物属于包含关系
C.单质与化合物属于交叉关系
D.氧化反应与化合反应属于并列关系
7.
在一密闭容器中,有甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质,在一定的条件下反应一段时间后,测得反应前后各物质质量如下表:
物质




反应前质量(g)
20
5
12
10
反应后质量(g)
待测
5
6
34
 
关于此反应,下列认识不正确的是:
A.物质丁一定不是单质B.反应后容器中甲的质量是2g
C.丙、丁的相对分子质量之比一定为1:4D.在该反应中,乙可能是催化剂
8.
将硅粉与镁粉混合后隔绝空气强热,得到一种暗蓝色的化合物。将此化合物投入水中,发生剧烈反应,产生气体,并伴有爆炸声与火光。此过程不可能发生的反应是(   )。
A. 2Mg + SiMg2Si B. Mg2Si + 4H2O = 2Mg(OH)2 + SiH4
C. SiO2 + H2O = H2SiO3 D. SiH4 + 2O2 = SiO2 + 2H2O
9.
硝酸是一种具有强氧化性的酸,它不仅能与活泼金属发生反应,也能与许多不活泼金属发生反应.其中金属铜与稀硝酸反应的化学方程式为:3Cu+8HNO3(稀)= 3Cu(NO32+2X↑+4H2O,则X的化学式为:
A.NO2B.NOC.N2OD.N2O4
10.
在反应A+3B=2C+3D中,C和D的相对分子质量比是22:9.若4.6gA与B完全反应后生成8.8gC,则此反应中B与D的质量比是:
A.16︰9B.1︰1C.13︰6D.44 ︰23
11.
逻辑推理是学习化学中常用的方法,下列推理不正确的是( )
A.化合物是由不同种元素组成的,不同种元素组成的纯净物一定是化合物
B.不同种分子构成的物质是混合物,混合物一定由不同种分子构成
C.单质由同一种元素组成,由同一种元素组成的纯净物一定是单质
D.氧化物只含两种元素,所以含两种元素且有一种元素是氧元素的纯净物一定是氧化物
12.
下列各组微粒中,属于同一种元素的是
A.Cl和ClB.Co和CO
C.H和HeD.
13.
下列化学符号中的数字表示的意义正确的是
A.CO2:“2”表示一个二氧化碳分子含有两个氧原子
B.2Na:“2”表示两个钠元素
C.:“+2”表示镁离子带有两个单位正电荷
D.S2:“2-”表示硫元素的化合价为负二价
14.
把下列物质按氯元素的化合价从低到高的顺序排列正确的是( )
①Cl2;②HClO;③ClO2;④KClO3 ⑤HCl
A.⑤①②③④B.⑤③①②④C.⑤④③②①D.⑤②③④①
15.
下列物质的名称与化学式相符的是
A.硫酸铁(FeSO4B.生石灰(CaO)
C.氯酸钾(KCl)D.氧化铁(Fe3O4
16.
图中“﹣氧原子”,“﹣氢原子”,“﹣碳原子”.根据微观粒子反应图示,下列结论不正确的是()
A.物质X是由碳元素和氧元素组成
B.X物质中碳、氧元素的质量比是3:8
C.每个X分子由1个碳原子和2个氧原子构成
D.物质X的相对分子质量是44g
17.
按照物质分类及化合价规律排列的:Mn、S、MnO2、SO2、K2MnO4六种物质中,最后一种物质为
A. H2S B. Na2SO3   C. CuSO4    D. Cu2S
18.
集气瓶中装满某气体,可能是下列气体中的一种:①二氧化碳 ②氧气 ③空气 ④氮气将燃着的木条伸入瓶中,火焰立即熄灭,则该瓶气体可能是()
A.①或②B.②或③C.①或④D.③或④
19.
鉴别日常生活中的下列各组物质,操作1和操作2均有错误的是
选项
鉴别的物质
操作1
操作2
A
软水和硬水
滴加肥皂水
加热蒸发
B
一氧化碳和甲烷
滴加澄清石灰水
观察颜色
C
氧气和二氧化碳
滴加紫色石蕊试液
伸入燃着的木条
D
二氧化碳和氮气
滴加澄清石灰水
伸入燃着的木条
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
20.
下列燃烧现象的描述中,正确的是(  )
A.蜡烛在空气中燃烧时,有水和二氧化碳生成
B.木炭在氧气中燃烧时,有黑色固体生成
C.红磷点燃后伸入氧气中产生大量白雾
D.硫粉在氧气中燃烧产生明亮蓝紫色火焰
21.
今年,台风“山竹”对我国造成重大影响,部分地区饮用水被污染,为确保灾民的生活用水安全,急需对水进行净化处理,下列措施中,不属于净水方法的是:
A.吸附沉淀B.过滤C.静置沉淀D.加肥皂水
22.
下列防止水污染的措施中,你认为合理的是:
①禁止使用农药和洗衣粉     ②工业废水经处理达标后再排放 
③抑制水中所有动植物的生长 ④生活污水净化后再排放
A.②④B.②③C.①④D.①③
23.
某1L纯牛奶的包装盒上面有如下一些数据(每100g内):脂肪≥3.3g、蛋白质≥2.9g、非脂乳固体≥8.1g、钾≥145mg、钙≥115mg.这里的钾、钙是指(  )
A.分子B.原子C.单质D.元素

4.选择题(共5题)

24.下列地理现象由地球自转产生的是(  )
25.下列地理现象由地球自转产生的是(  )
26.

阅读理解

    IPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

    The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

    Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

    BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

    Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

    Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference

27.

阅读理解

    IPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

    The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

    Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

    BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

    Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

    Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference

28.

阅读理解

    IPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

    The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

    Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

    BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

    Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

    Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference

5.填空题(共6题)

29.
根据题意书写化学方程式:
(1)用赤铁矿(主要成分为氧化铁)和一氧化碳反应炼铁,同时生成二氧化碳;____
(2)天然气(主要成分为CH4)在空气中燃烧生成水和二氧化碳。____________
30.
以下物质:①氮气;②稀有气体;③液氧;④汽水;⑤二氧化碳;⑥新鲜的空气;⑦冰水混合物;⑧澄清石灰水;⑨高锰酸钾受热分解以后的剩余固体;⑩高锰酸钾完全分解以后的剩余固体。其中属于混合物的是(填序号)______。
31.
阅读材料,回答问题:
材料一:l869年,俄国化学家门捷列夫对已发现的元素进行研究,制作了元素周期表,并在他的元素周期表中留下了许多空位代表尚未发现的新元素,其中就预言了“类铝”这种新元素。
材料二:l875年,法国化学家布瓦博德朗公布了他发现的新元素镓(元素符号为Ga)的性质:镓是银白色金属,密度4.7g·cm-3,能与沸水剧烈反应生成氢气和氢氧化镓。不久,他收到门捷列夫的来信称:镓就是我预言的“类铝”,其密度应在5.9-6.0 g·cm-3之间。
材料三:l876年,布瓦博德朗将金属镓提纯后测得镓的密度为5.94g·cm-3,从而验证了元素周期表的正确性。随后科学家根据元素周期表的空位,按图索骥,发现了许多新元素。目前金属镓广泛用于制造半导体材料。镓的原子结构示意图如图,常见化合价为+3。

(1)镓元素的质子数为_____,其原子最外层电子数为_______;
(2)请根据上述材料,写出氢氧化镓的化学式______
32.
用化学用语填空:
①氦气_____  ②水_____ ③两个亚铁离子_____  ④硫酸铜_____⑤两个硝酸根离子____;⑥2个氮分子_____;⑦保持一氧化碳化学性质的最小微粒______;⑧氧化镁中镁显+2价______。
33.
我们周围的物质世界是由100多种元素组成的,为了便于研究元素的性质,常常需要寻找它们之间的内在规律。下表列出的是1~18号元素的部分最高正化合价和最低负化合价。请阅读并回答下列问题:   
1 H
+1
 
2 He
0
3 Li
+1
4 Be
+2
5 B
+3
6 C
+4 -4
7 N
+5 -3
8 O
-2
9 F
-1
10 Ne
0
11 Na
+1
12 Mg
+2
13 Al
+3
14 Si
+4 -4
15 P
+5 -3
16 S
17 Cl
+7 -1
18 Ar
0
 
(1)11号元素属于______元素(填“金属”或“非金属”),它在化学反应中形成的离子与______(写元素符号)原子具有相同的核外电子排布。
(2)16号元素的原子核外电子数为_______。
34.
写出下列符号中“2”的意义:2O2______________、_______________:

6.实验题(共1题)

35.
实验室制取气体所需装置如下图所示,请回答以下问题:
 
(1)仪器①④的名称分别是________和___________。
(2)实验室用过氧化氢溶液和二氧化锰制取氧气,所选用的气体发生装置是(填字母序号)_____,反应的化学方程式为_________;如果要制得较干燥的氧气最好应该选择装置_____收集,其验满的方法:__________。
(3)实验室还常用块状固体硫化亚铁(FeS)和稀硫酸在常温下制取硫化氢气体,硫化氢气体是一种有臭鸡蛋气味的有毒的气体,能溶于水,密度比空气大。根据上述信息回答:实验室制取硫化氢的发生装置为_____,收集装置为_______;(填字母序号)实验室选用上图所示的E装置收集硫化氢气体,气体应该从____(填“a”或“b”)端进入。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(2道)

    推断题:(1道)

    单选题:(20道)

    选择题:(5道)

    填空题:(6道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:4

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:16

    9星难题:10