2014届江苏省通州区石港中学初三下学期开学考试化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:303153

试卷类型:开学考试
试卷考试时间:2014/4/10

1.推断题(共1题)

1.
㈠用名称或化学符号填空:
①2P2O5 ;②2个汞原子 ; ③硫酸铁中铁元素显+3价    ;④构成氯化钠固体的粒子   (写化学符号)。
㈡现有A、B、C、D、E、F、G 7种物质,C、F是最常见的金属,B是气体单质,D为浅绿色溶液,G为蓝色溶液,它们之间存在如下关系:

(1)推测下列物质的化学式:B为    ,D为    ,F为    
(2)写出A→C转化的化学方程式:   
(3)图中所涉及到的反应中属于置换反应的是__________(填序号)。

2.计算题(共1题)

2.
有一矿山上的石灰石样品中只含杂质二氧化硅(二氧化硅是一种既不溶于水,也不与盐酸反应的固体)。小琳和她的同学想测定该样品中碳酸钙的质量分数。他们取一块石灰石样品,将其粉碎后,称出9.4g放入烧杯内(烧杯的质量为60.8g),然后慢慢加入稀盐酸,用玻璃棒搅拌至不再产生气泡为止,共用去稀盐酸97.8g。再称出反应后烧杯及其内物质的总质量为164.7g。试回答:
(1)将石灰石样品粉碎的主要目的是
(2)实验结束后,共放出二氧化碳 g(假设溶解在水中的二氧化碳质量忽略不计)。
(3)该石灰石样品中碳酸钙的质量分数是多少?(计算结果精确到0.1%)
(4)反应后溶液的质量为  g。

3.单选题(共6题)

3.
厨房里发生的下列变化,属于物理变化的是(   )
A.面包发霉B.煤气燃烧C.榨取果汁D.菜刀生锈
4.
北京奥运会“祥云”火炬采用的燃料是丙烷(分子结构模型如图),下列关于丙烷分子的说法不正确的是()

A. 丙烷由丙烷分子构成
B. 丙烷中含有11个原子
C. 丙烷分子由碳原子和氢原子构成
D. 丙烷中碳元素的质量分数为81.8%
5.
某元素R的氧化物中R元素与氧元素的质量比为7:16,R的相对原子质量为14,则该氧化物中R元素的化合价是()
A. +4 B. +3 C. +2 D. +1
6.
下列可用于验证铜、铁、锌三种金属的活动性强弱的一组药品是
①Cu、Zn、FeSO4溶液 ②Cu、Fe、ZnSO4溶液 
③Cu、FeSO4溶液、ZnSO4溶液 ④Fe、CuSO4溶液、ZnSO4溶液
A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④
7.
甲、乙两固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )
A.甲物质的溶解度为20g
B.t1℃时,30g甲加入到50g水中最多可得60g溶液
C.t2℃时,乙物质的饱和溶液升温变成不饱和溶液
D.t2℃,甲、乙两物质的饱和溶液分别降温到t1℃时,所得溶液中溶质质量分数的大小关系是:乙<甲
8.
下列有关安全知识的叙述中,正确的是( )  
A.石油油井着火,用大量水浇灭
B.图书档案起火,用水基型灭火器扑灭
C.深夜家中煤气泄漏时立即打开排风扇通风换气
D.严禁在加油站、煤气站等处吸烟和拨打移动电话

4.选择题(共5题)

9.我的爸爸是一位出租车司机。

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10.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    A drunken burglar(盗贼) in the Orrell Park area of Liverpool, ended up leaping out of a window after a 10-year-old girl asked him to prove he was a superhero.

    The drunken thief who pretended he was Superman to stop a child raising the alarm has been caught after he leapt from the apartment building in his pants to make the girl convinced.

    Thief Ethan Adamson, 25, told police that he had broken into a fifth-floor flat after a drinking session, believing it was empty.

    But he was horrified when the owner's 10-year-old daughter woke up while he was there.

    From his hospital bed, the thief told reporters, “To keep her quiet, I told her I was really Superman and I'd soon be flying off back to my secret headquarters.”

    “She called my bluff (吓唬) and told me, 'If you're Superman, show me you can fly or I'll scream'.

    “I had no choice so I stripped to my pants to look more like a superhero and went to the window. I saw another roof below and I thought I could make it but it turned out to be a lot further down than thought. I know it doesn't make sense but it did to me when I was drunk.”

    Police later found him on the roof in just his yellow pants, covered in cuts and bruises after a baffled neighbor heard his cries of pain.

    He now faces seven years behind bars for burglary.

    Police spokesman Frank Amado said, “He was in quite a serious state and couldn't move until we got up there using ladders. He was treated for his injuries and we got him some fresh clothes, before taking him to hospital where he is being kept under guard until he is well enough to be arrested.”

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12.The problem is very important. You should take it {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(严肃地,认真地).
13.The problem is very important. You should take it {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(严肃地,认真地).

5.填空题(共2题)

14.
水是人及一切生物生存所必需的,为了人类和社会经济的可持续发展,我们应该了解一些有关水的知识。请你回答:
(1)天然水中含有许多杂质,可利用吸附、沉淀、过滤和蒸馏等方法净化,其中净化水程度最高的方法是 ;除去水中难溶性固体杂质的操作是 ,此操作中要用到玻璃棒,其作用是
(2)生活中可以采用  区分硬水和软水,可以通过加入   来吸附水中有异味的物质。
(3)如图是电解水实验装置。下列关于电解水实验的叙述中,正确的是 (填序号)。
A.该实验可证明水由氢元素和氧元素组成
B.试管a中收集的气体是氧气
C.试管a和试管b中收集的两种气体的质量比是2:1
D.在水中加少量稀硫酸可增强水的导电性
(4)用氯化钠固体加水溶解,配制50g质量分数为6%的氯化钠溶液的过程中,若量取水时俯视读数,其他操作正确,则配制的氯化钠溶液中溶质质量分数 (选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)。若用上述配好的6%的氯化钠溶液(密度为1.04g/cm3)来配制50g质量分数为3%的氯化钠溶液,需要其体积为 (计算结果精确到0.1)。
15.
在初中的学习中我们掌握了氧气、二氧化碳的实验室制取方法。某校化学兴趣小组的同学,按规范的操作要求,运用合理的装置在实验室制取了这些气体。下图是他们实验中用过的仪器。请回答下列问题:
(1)写出图中下列仪器的名称:②_____    _  
(2)小明同学在制取气体时使用的仪器是①③④⑤⑦⑩,他制取的气体的反应化学方程式为 ;检查制取该气体发生装置的气密性的方法是  
检验该气体的方法是 。若该实验中出现试管破裂的现象,其原因可能是   (答一条即可)。
(3)小芳同学顺利地制取并收集了一瓶二氧化碳,已知她使用了仪器②⑥,那么她还需使用上图仪器中的_______________(填序号)。检验该气体集满的方法和现象是    。向仪器②中放块状固体药品的方法是
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    推断题:(1道)

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(6道)

    选择题:(5道)

    填空题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:8

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:0