2014届中考化学专项练习 第八单元 金属和金属材料

适用年级:初三
试卷号:303095

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/8/18

1.简答题(共1题)

1.
我国约在南北朝时就开始冶炼黄铜,黄铜是铜和锌的合金(Cu-Zn),它可用来制造电器零件及日用品。小华利用一瓶稀盐酸和相关的仪器,测定黄铜样品的组成(不考虑黄铜中的其他杂质)。将30mL稀盐酸分三次加入到10g黄铜样品粉末中,每次充分反应后,测定生成氢气的质量,实验数据见下表:

(1)从上表数据分析,小华用10g合金粉末总共收集到氢气 g;
(2)求该合金中铜的质量分数。

2.选择题(共6题)

2.完形填空

    Many people argue that working can be a valuable experience for the young. However, working more than about 15 hours a week is 1 for teens because it reduces their involvement with school, and 2 a materialistic and expensive lifestyle.

    Schoolwork and the benefits of extracurricular activities tend to be 3 when teens work long hours. As more and more teens have filled the many part-time jobs, teachers have faced increasing 4. They must both keep the attention of 5 pupils and give homework to students who simply don't have time to do it.6, educators have noticed less involvement in the extracurricular activities that many consider a 7 influence on young people. School bands and athletic teams are 8 players, and sports events are 9 attended by working students. Those teens who try to do it all may find themselves 10.

    Another 11 of too much work is that it may promote materialism and an unrealistic lifestyle. Some parents say that working helps teach teens the 12 of a dollar.13 that can be true. It's also true that some teens work to help their family or to save for college.14, surveys have shown that a lot of working, teens use their earnings to buy luxuries. These young people won't spend 15 —they can just about have it all. In many cases, they are getting used to a lifestyle they won't be able to 16 several years down the road, when they no longer have parents 17 car insurance, food, and so on. At that point, they won't have enough money to pay for necessities as well as luxuries.

    Teenagers can 18 the benefits of work while avoiding its drawbacks, simply by 19 their work hours during the school year. As is often the case, a moderate (适度的) approach will be the most healthy and 20.

3.阅读理解

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4.阅读理解

Sign Up for Your Free iDOGO ID

    The Mac Kids Book Club is home of the latest and greatest books, activities, and prizes. Claim your badge(徽章)now to join the coolest club around!

Why Join:

    With iDOGO you can:

    Create your custom avatar (虚拟化身)

    Earn points and badges

    Follow other DOGO users

    Bookmark & share news, books, and movies

    Express your opinions about news, books, and movies

    FREE Book Club giveaway:

    Terms and Conditions

    This Free Book giveaway is open to all iDOGO account holders in the US, except where prohibited by law. YOU MAY ONLY ENTER THIS GIVEAWAY ONLINE, NO OTHER METHOD OF ENTRY WILL BE ACCEPTED.

    If the number of readers interested in the book exceeds the number of copies available, winners will be picked solely at the mercy of DOGObooks.

    No purchase necessary. Only one entry is allowed per household. Ages 15 and under, and a legal resident of the US.

    The book publisher is the sponsor of this giveaway and is responsible for shipment of books to winners.

    You are not required to review the book if you win a copy. However, you are encouraged to do so.

    Winners will be notified by email. Note that in order to be considered for a giveaway participants must have their parent or legal guardian complete, sign, and return the Parental Consent Form.

    By accepting a free book and posting a review, you grant (授权) DOGObooks and the publisher a permanent, fully paid, worldwide license to use, copy, perform, display, and distribute your review.

    Please reveal in your review that you received the book for free through DOGObooks.

5.阅读理解

    Modem zoos are different from those built fifty years ago.At that time zoos were places where people could go to see animals from many parts of the world.The animals lived in cages with iron bars(栅栏).Although the zoo keepers took good care of them,many of the animals did not feel comfortable,and they often fell ill.

    In modern zoos,people can see animals in more natural conditions.The animals are given more freedom in larger places so that they can live as they would in nature.Even the appearance of zoos has changed.Trees and grass grow in cages,and water flows through the places the animals live in.There are few bars;instead,there is often a deep ditch(沟),filled with water,which surrounds a space where several sorts of animals live together as they would naturally.In an American zoo,the visitors can walk through a special huge cage that is filled with trees,some small animals and many birds,and large enough for the birds to live naturally.In a zoo in New York,with the use of special nights,people can observe certain animals that are active only at night,when most zoos are dosed.Some zoos have special places for visitors to watch animals that live in the desert or under water.

    Modern zoos not only show animals to visitors,but also keep and save rare animals.For this reason,fifty years from now,the grandchildren of today's visitors will still be able to enjoy watching these animals.

6.假定你是李华。你刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来,感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常的感兴趣,特别是即将到来的国庆节,请你写一封信介绍中国的国庆节。内容要点:

1)、感谢他的招待。

2)、介绍中国的国庆节(时间,意义等)

3)、欢迎他来中国。

注意:

1)、词数100左右;

2)、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

7.假定你是李华。你刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来,感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常的感兴趣,特别是即将到来的国庆节,请你写一封信介绍中国的国庆节。内容要点:

1)、感谢他的招待。

2)、介绍中国的国庆节(时间,意义等)

3)、欢迎他来中国。

注意:

1)、词数100左右;

2)、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3.单选题(共4题)

8.
把铁钉放入稀硫酸中,以下对该实验现象的描述不正确的是(   )
①铁钉表面有气泡产生  ②溶液变作为浅绿色  ③铁钉质量增加 ④溶液质量减轻
A.①②B.③④C.①②③D.①②③④
9.
我国早在商代就能造出精美的青铜器,到了战国时期已能冶铁和炼钢。人类开发利用下列金属单质的时间与金属活动性强弱有着某种内在的联系。由此推断,人类开发利用下列金属的时间由先到后顺序是( )
A.Cu Fe Al ZnB.Cu Zn Fe Al
C.Cu Fe Zn AlD.Al Zn Fe Cu
10.
为预防自行车生锈,下列做法中不合理的是
A.车架表面喷涂油漆 B. 钢圈表面镀防护金属
B.链条表面涂机油     D. 露天放置,日晒雨淋
11.
关于元素在地壳中的含量说法正确的是(   )
A.大多数元素在地壳中以单质的形式存在
B.地壳中含量最高的金属元素是铁
C.地壳中含量最高的非金属元素是硅
D.大多数金属元素在地壳中以矿石的形式存在

4.多选题(共1题)

12.
下列比较金属活动性强弱的实验设计、现象和结论均正确的是()
选项
实验设计
现象
结论(金属的活动性)
A
将铝丝放入硫酸铜溶液中
无现象
Cu>Al
B
分别将相同形状的镁条和铝条点燃,并放入盛氧气的集气瓶中
镁条燃烧得更剧烈
Mg>Al
C
分别将锌粉与铁丝放入相同浓度的稀盐酸中
锌粉产生气泡的速率比铁丝快
Zn>Fe
D
分别将铁丝与铜丝放入相同浓度的稀盐酸中
铁丝表面产生气泡,铜丝无现象
Fe>Cu
 

5.填空题(共3题)

13.
如图所示,在托盘天平两边各放一只烧杯,调至平衡。往右边烧杯里注入一定量的稀硫酸,左边烧杯里注入相同质量的盐酸。

(1)两边烧杯中各投入少量相同质量的锌粒,锌粒完全溶解后,天平指针有何变化? 为什么?
(2)若左边投入锌粒,右边投相同质量的镁条,锌、镁全部溶解后,天平指针有何变化?     , 为什么?
14.
钢铁是人类生产生活中应用最广泛的金属材料。下图是炼铁高炉的结构示意图,请回答下列与此有关的问题;

(1)根据矿石的主要成分分析,下列矿石中最适合炼铁的是
A.磁铁矿(主要成分Fe3O4B.黄铁矿(主要成分FeS2
C.菱铁矿(主要成分FeCO3D.赤铜矿(主要成分Cu2O)
(2)请写出以赤铁矿(主要成分为Fe2O3)为原料炼铁的化学方程式:
(3)在炼铁原料中使用焦炭的目的是 (答一点);
15.
联合钢铁工业的基本生产流程示意图如下:

请回答下列问题:
(1)写出设备A 的名称: ;产品B和C 分别是
(2)写出以赤铁矿为原料在高温下与一氧化碳反应制取铁的化学方程式:   
(3)应用化学原理分析,工业炼钢时用纯氧而不用空气的原因是:
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(1道)

    选择题:(6道)

    单选题:(4道)

    多选题:(1道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:0