四川省德阳五中2018-2019学年高三第一次月考化学试题

适用年级:高三
试卷号:301783

试卷类型:月考
试卷考试时间:2018/9/19

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
有机物G(分子式为C13H18O2)是一种香料,下图是该香料的一种合成路线。

已知:
①E能够发生银镜反应,1molE能够与2molH2完全反应生成F;
②R—CH===CH2R—CH2CH2OH;
③有机物D的摩尔质量为88g·mol1,其核磁共振氢谱有3组峰;
④有机物F是苯甲醇的同系物,苯环上只有一个无支链的侧链。
回答下列问题:
(1)用系统命名法命名有机物B:________________________________________。
(2)E的结构简式为________________________________。
(3)C与新制Cu(OH)2反应的化学方程式为___________________________。
(4)有机物C可与银氨溶液反应,配制银氨溶液的实验操作为___________________。
(5)已知有机物甲符合下列条件:①为芳香化合物;②与F互为同分异构体;③能被催化氧化成醛。符合上述条件的有机物甲有________种。

2.推断题(共1题)

2.
X、Y、Z、W、R、Q为前30号元素,且原子序数依次增大。X是所有元素中原子半径最小的,Y有三个能级,且每个能级上的电子数相等,Z原子单电子数在同周期元素中最多,W与Z同周期,第一电离能比Z的低,R与Y同一主族,Q的最外层只有一个电子,其他电子层电子均处于饱和状态。请回答下列问题:
(1)Q核外电子排布式为_____________________________。
(2)化合物X2W2中W的杂化方式为________________,ZW2的立体构型是___________。
(3)Y、R的最高价氧化物的沸点较高的是________(填化学式),原因是__________。
(4)将Q单质的粉末加入到ZX3的浓溶液中,并通入W2,充分反应后溶液呈深蓝色,该反应的离子方程式为______________________________________________________________。

3.单选题(共7题)

3.
一种基于酸性燃料电池原理设计的酒精检测仪,负极上的反应为:CH­3CH2OH – 4e-+ H2O = CH3COOH + 4H+。下列有关说法正确的是
A.检测时,电解质溶液中的H+向负极移动
B.若有0.4mol电子转移,则在标准状况下消耗4.48L氧气
C.电池反应的化学方程式为:CH3CH2OH + O2= CH3COOH + H2O
D.正极上发生的反应为:O2+ 4e-+ 2H2O = 4OH-
4.
甲、乙两个电解池均以Pt为电极且互相串联。甲池盛有AgNO3溶液,乙池盛有一定量的某盐溶液,通电一段时间后,测得甲池阴极质量增加2.16g,乙池电极析出0.24g金属,则乙池中溶质可能是
A.CuSO4B.MgSO4C.Al(NO33D.Na2SO4
5.
下列说法正确的是
A.甲烷和Cl2的反应类型与乙烯和Br2的反应类型相同
B.分子式为C4H7ClO2,可与NaHCO3反应产生CO2的有机物可能有3种结构
C.分子中至少有11个碳原子处于同一平面上
D.1mol有机物一定条件下能和7molNaOH反应
6.
某烷烃相对分子质量为86,如果分子中含有3个—CH3、2个—CH2—和1个,则该结构的烃的一氯取代物(不考虑立体异构)最多可能有(  )
A.9种B.6种C.5种D.4种
7.
下列实验操作与预期实验目的或所得实验结论一致的是
选项
实验操作
实验目的或结论
A
向某溶液中加入稀盐酸,放出无色剌激性气味气体,将气体通入澄清石灰水变混浊
证明该溶液中存在SO32
B
将NaOH溶液滴入该溶液中加热,放出的气体能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝
证明溶液中有NH4+
C
将Cl2通入品红溶液中,品红溶液褪色
证明Cl2的还原性
D
用硫酸酸化的H2O2溶液滴入Fe(NO3)2溶液中,溶液变黄色
证明氧化性:H2O2比Fe3
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
8.
将少量SO2气体通入BaCl2和FeCl3的混合溶液中,溶液颜色由棕黄色变成浅绿色,同时有白色沉淀产生。针对上述变化,下列分析正确的是
A.该实验表明SO2有漂白性B.白色沉淀为BaSO3
C.该实验表明FeCl3有还原性D.反应后溶液酸性增强
9.
化学与材料、生活和环境密切相关。下列有关说法中错误的是
A.煤炭经气化、液化和干馏等过程,可获得清洁能源和重要的化工原料
B.利用CO2合成聚碳酸酯类可降解塑料,实现“碳”的循环利用
C.日常生活中人们大量使用铝制品,是因为常温下铝不能与氧气反应
D.神舟10 号飞船所用太阳能电池板可将光能转换为电能,所用转换材料是单晶硅

4.选择题(共3题)

10.

         贯穿于整个意志行动始终,是产生坚强意志的精神支柱。(     )

11.阅读理解

    Four days after Dad's 67th birthday, he had a heart attack. Luckily, he survived. But something inside him had died. His enthusiasm for life was gone. He refused to follow doctor's orders, and his sour attitude made everyone upset when they visit him. Dad was left alone.

    So I asked Dad to come to live with me on my small farm, hoping the fresh air would help him adjust. Within a week after he moved in, I regretted the invitation. He criticized everything I did. I became frustrated. Something had to be done.

    One day I read an article which said when given dogs, depressed patients would be better off. So I drove to the animal shelter that afternoon. As soon as I got there, a pointer's eyes caught my attention. They watched me calmly.

    A staff member said: “He got here two weeks ago and we've heard nothing. His time is up tomorrow.”

    I turned to the man in horror. “You mean you're going to kill him?”

    “Ma'am,” he said gently. “We don't have room for every unclaimed dog.”

    The staff member's calm brown eyes awaited my decision. “I'll take him,” I said.

    I drove home with the dog on the front seat beside me. I was helping it out of the car when Dad walked onto the front porch. “Look what I got you!” I said excitedly.

    Dad wrinkled his face. “I don't want it,” he muttered, turning back towards the house. Then, suddenly, the dog pulled free from my grasp. He sat down in front of my Dad.

    Dad's anger melted, and soon he was hugging the dog.

    This was the beginning of a warm friendship. Dad named the dog Cheyenne. Together they spent long hours walking down dusty lanes and relaxing on the banks of streams.

    Dad's bitterness faded, and he and Cheyenne went on to make many friends. Then, late one night two years later, I felt Cheyenne's cold nose burrowing(搜寻) through my bed covers. He had never before come into my bedroom at night. I ran into my father's room and found that he had passed away.

    Two days later, my shock and grief deepened when I discovered Cheyenne lying dead beside Dad's bed. As I buried him near their favorite stream, I silently thanked the dog for restoring Dad's peace of mind.

12.阅读理解

    Four days after Dad's 67th birthday, he had a heart attack. Luckily, he survived. But something inside him had died. His enthusiasm for life was gone. He refused to follow doctor's orders, and his sour attitude made everyone upset when they visit him. Dad was left alone.

    So I asked Dad to come to live with me on my small farm, hoping the fresh air would help him adjust. Within a week after he moved in, I regretted the invitation. He criticized everything I did. I became frustrated. Something had to be done.

    One day I read an article which said when given dogs, depressed patients would be better off. So I drove to the animal shelter that afternoon. As soon as I got there, a pointer's eyes caught my attention. They watched me calmly.

    A staff member said: “He got here two weeks ago and we've heard nothing. His time is up tomorrow.”

    I turned to the man in horror. “You mean you're going to kill him?”

    “Ma'am,” he said gently. “We don't have room for every unclaimed dog.”

    The staff member's calm brown eyes awaited my decision. “I'll take him,” I said.

    I drove home with the dog on the front seat beside me. I was helping it out of the car when Dad walked onto the front porch. “Look what I got you!” I said excitedly.

    Dad wrinkled his face. “I don't want it,” he muttered, turning back towards the house. Then, suddenly, the dog pulled free from my grasp. He sat down in front of my Dad.

    Dad's anger melted, and soon he was hugging the dog.

    This was the beginning of a warm friendship. Dad named the dog Cheyenne. Together they spent long hours walking down dusty lanes and relaxing on the banks of streams.

    Dad's bitterness faded, and he and Cheyenne went on to make many friends. Then, late one night two years later, I felt Cheyenne's cold nose burrowing(搜寻) through my bed covers. He had never before come into my bedroom at night. I ran into my father's room and found that he had passed away.

    Two days later, my shock and grief deepened when I discovered Cheyenne lying dead beside Dad's bed. As I buried him near their favorite stream, I silently thanked the dog for restoring Dad's peace of mind.

5.实验题(共2题)

13.
一种含铝、锂、钴的新型电子材料,生产中产生的废料数量可观,废料中的铝以金属铝箔的形式存在;钴以Co2O3·CoO的形式存在,吸附在铝箔的单面或双面;锂混杂于其中。(已知Co2O3的氧化性>Cl2的氧化性)。从废料中回收氧化钴(CoO)的工艺流程如下:

(1)过程Ⅰ中采用NaOH溶液溶出废料中的Al,反应的离子方程式为__________。
(2)过程Ⅱ中加入稀H2SO4酸化后,再加入Na2S2O3溶液浸出钴。则浸出含钴物质的反应化学方程式为(产物中只有一种酸根)__________________________________。在实验室模拟工业生产时,也可用盐酸浸出钴,但实际工业生产中不用盐酸,请分析不用盐酸浸出钴的主要原因:___________________________________________________________。
(3)过程Ⅲ得到锂铝渣的主要成分是LiF和Al(OH)3,碳酸钠溶液在产生Al(OH)3时起重要作用,请写出该反应的离子方程式:__________________________________。
(4)碳酸钠溶液在过程Ⅲ和Ⅳ中所起作用有所不同,请写出在过程Ⅳ中起的作用是_____。
(5)在Na2CO3溶液中存在多种粒子,下列各粒子浓度关系正确的是________(填标号)。
A.c(Na)=2c(CO)B.c(Na)>c(CO)>c(HCO)
C.c(OH)>c(HCO)>c(H)D.c(OH)-c(H)=c(HCO)+2c(H2CO3)
14.
硫代硫酸钠(Na2S2O3)具有较强的还原性,还能与中强酸反应,在精细化工领域应用广泛。将SO2通入按一定比例配制成的Na2S和Na2CO3的混合溶液中,可制得Na2S2O3·5H2O(大苏打)。
(1)实验室用Na2SO3和硫酸制备SO2,可选用的气体发生装置是________(填标号);检查该装置气密性的操作是:关闭止水夹,再_____________。

(2)向Na2S和Na2CO3的混合溶液中不断通入SO2气体的过程中,发现:
①浅黄色沉淀先逐渐增多,反应的化学方程式为_________________(生成的盐为正盐);
②浅黄色沉淀保持一段时间不变,有无色无味的气体产生,则反应的化学方程式为____________________(生成的盐为正盐);
③浅黄色沉淀逐渐减少(这时有Na2S2O3生成);
④继续通入SO2,浅黄色沉淀又会逐渐增多,反应的化学方程式为____(生成的盐为酸式盐)。
(3)制备Na2S2O3时,为了使反应物利用率最大化,Na2S和Na2CO3的物质的量之比应为____________;通过反应顺序,可比较出:温度相同时,同物质的量浓度的Na2S溶液和Na2CO3溶液pH更大的是_________________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    推断题:(1道)

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:8

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:0