2011年初中毕业升学考试(福建厦门卷)化学

适用年级:初三
试卷号:299584

试卷类型:中考真题
试卷考试时间:2011/10/25

1.计算题(共1题)

1.
元明粉是重要的化工原料,右图是某品牌元明粉包装袋上的部分标签。
为测定该元明粉中Na2SO4含量是否符合标签要求,把15.0 g样品(假设只含不溶性杂质)
加入一定量的水溶解,过滤得100.0 g滤液。取10.0 g滤液,加入10%的BaCl2溶液20.8g,恰好完全反应,反应的化学方程式:Na2SO4+ BaCl2= 2NaCl+ BaSO4↓。
(1)计算10.0 g滤液中Na2SO4的质量。
(2)根据这一次检测,计算并判断样品Na2SO4的含量是否符合标签要求。

2.流程题(共1题)

2.
为解决过度使用化石燃料造成的能源危机及环境问题,科学家提出如下图构想:

(1)水在催化剂和光照条件下分解可制得氢气,写出该反应的化学方程式:________________。
(2)垃圾中的有机物发酵得到沼气,写出沼气的主要成分燃烧的化学方程式:___________________。
(3)科学家设想以燃烧产物中的CO2合成燃料CH3OH,这一反应可以缓解的环境问题是___________________。
(4)氨气可在不同条件下与氧气反应生成不同的产物,且放出大量的热。若从环保角度考虑,氨气与氧气反应生成理想的产物是______和_______。

3.选择题(共8题)

3.

根据句意和提示写出单词,完成句子。

4.

Several years ago, a television reporter was talking to three of the most important people in America. One was a very rich banker, another owned one of the largest companies in the world, and the third owned many buildings in the center of New York.
The reporter was talking to them about being important. “How do we know if someone is really important?” the reporter asked the banker. The banker thought for a few moments and then said,” I think anybody who is invited to the Whiter House to meet the President of the United States is really important. ”
The reporter then turned to the owner of the very large company. “Do you agree with that?” she asked. The man shook his head, “No. I think the President invites a lot of people to the White House. You’d only be important if while you were visiting the President, there was a telephone call from the president of another country, and the President of the US said he was too busy to answer it. ”
The reporter turned to the third man. “Do you think so?” “No, I don’t.” he said. “I don’t think that makes the visitor important. That makes the President important. ” “Then what would make the visitor important?” the reporter and the other two men asked.
“Oh, I think if the visitor to the White House was talking to the President and the phone rang, and the President picked up the receiver, listened and then said, “It’s for you.”
【小题1】There are _______ in this passage.

A.two men and two womenB.three men and one woman
C.three women and one manD.four women

【小题2】The banker thought _______.

A.he was really important because he was a rich banker
B.the visitor to the White House was really important
C.the visitor who met the President of the United States
D.the reporter was really important

【小题3】 The owner of many buildings thought _______.

A.he was really important because he owned many buildings in the center of New York
B.the owner of the very large company was really important
C.the visitor was really important if he was talking to the President and the President received a telephone call for the visitor
D.the person who worked in the White House was really important
5.

Several years ago, a television reporter was talking to three of the most important people in America. One was a very rich banker, another owned one of the largest companies in the world, and the third owned many buildings in the center of New York.
The reporter was talking to them about being important. “How do we know if someone is really important?” the reporter asked the banker. The banker thought for a few moments and then said,” I think anybody who is invited to the Whiter House to meet the President of the United States is really important. ”
The reporter then turned to the owner of the very large company. “Do you agree with that?” she asked. The man shook his head, “No. I think the President invites a lot of people to the White House. You’d only be important if while you were visiting the President, there was a telephone call from the president of another country, and the President of the US said he was too busy to answer it. ”
The reporter turned to the third man. “Do you think so?” “No, I don’t.” he said. “I don’t think that makes the visitor important. That makes the President important. ” “Then what would make the visitor important?” the reporter and the other two men asked.
“Oh, I think if the visitor to the White House was talking to the President and the phone rang, and the President picked up the receiver, listened and then said, “It’s for you.”
【小题1】There are _______ in this passage.

A.two men and two womenB.three men and one woman
C.three women and one manD.four women

【小题2】The banker thought _______.

A.he was really important because he was a rich banker
B.the visitor to the White House was really important
C.the visitor who met the President of the United States
D.the reporter was really important

【小题3】 The owner of many buildings thought _______.

A.he was really important because he owned many buildings in the center of New York
B.the owner of the very large company was really important
C.the visitor was really important if he was talking to the President and the President received a telephone call for the visitor
D.the person who worked in the White House was really important
6.

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the nine o’clock Mystery Hour. Today we’ll show you two British stories. We hope you’ll enjoy them.
About 900 years ago two green children arrived in a small village in south England. Their eyes and skin were green and they spoke a strange language. They were very tired and weak, so the people of the village looked after them. The boy died a year later, but the girl grew strong and lived the rest of her life there. And her skin colour turned back to normal day by day. Scientists say that sometimes of people don’t have enough food to eat for a long time, their skin goes very pale and can even turn green.
Loch Ness is the largest lake in Scotland. It’s a very deep and cold lake. For hundreds of years, people have talked about a monster(怪物) called Nessie which lives in the lake. About seventy years ago, two people saw something moving in the lake. They said that the animal was playing and rolling around in the water. Since then many people say they have seen the monster. Their descriptions are always the same. It looks like a dinosaur, with a very long neck and a small head. It has a big bump(包,肿块)on its back. People have tried to photograph the animal, but the pictures have not been very clear. Scientists don’t know whether there is a monster or not. Some say it may be a whale or a very large fish. Some think it’s a snake. Others say there’s nothing at all— nothing but people’s imagination. Maybe we’ll never know what’s in Loch Ness.


7.

My favourite shop is called’ Model World’. It is on the second floor of Happy Plaza, near to Pizza Club. It is open from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day.
Model World’ sells all kinds of models. It has model soldiers, cars, boats, airplanes, space shuttles and even dinosaurs. It has models for young children and models for adults (成人). Some models have just about twenty pieces, and others have over 2,000 pieces. You can also buy paints and glue (胶水) and other things there.
The staff at ’ Model World’ is very nice. They are very interested in making models. They will give you advice, and answer all of your questions. The prices are not low but they are not high. My best buy was a model of a helicopter. It cost $ 30 but it had over 400 pieces. It was really fun to make. If you are interested in models, you should visit this shop.

8.

My favourite shop is called’ Model World’. It is on the second floor of Happy Plaza, near to Pizza Club. It is open from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day.
Model World’ sells all kinds of models. It has model soldiers, cars, boats, airplanes, space shuttles and even dinosaurs. It has models for young children and models for adults (成人). Some models have just about twenty pieces, and others have over 2,000 pieces. You can also buy paints and glue (胶水) and other things there.
The staff at ’ Model World’ is very nice. They are very interested in making models. They will give you advice, and answer all of your questions. The prices are not low but they are not high. My best buy was a model of a helicopter. It cost $ 30 but it had over 400 pieces. It was really fun to make. If you are interested in models, you should visit this shop.

9.

My favourite shop is called’ Model World’. It is on the second floor of Happy Plaza, near to Pizza Club. It is open from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day.
Model World’ sells all kinds of models. It has model soldiers, cars, boats, airplanes, space shuttles and even dinosaurs. It has models for young children and models for adults (成人). Some models have just about twenty pieces, and others have over 2,000 pieces. You can also buy paints and glue (胶水) and other things there.
The staff at ’ Model World’ is very nice. They are very interested in making models. They will give you advice, and answer all of your questions. The prices are not low but they are not high. My best buy was a model of a helicopter. It cost $ 30 but it had over 400 pieces. It was really fun to make. If you are interested in models, you should visit this shop.

10.

This is a song millions of Americans will hear this New Year’s Eve. It is called Auld Lang Syne (《友谊地久天长》)。 It is the traditional music played during the New Year’s celebration. Auld Lang Syne is an old Scottish poem. It tells about the need to remember old friends.
The words “Auld Lang Syne” mean “old long since”. No one knows who wrote the poem first. However, a version (版本) by Scottish poet Robert Burns was published(出版)in 1796. The words and the music we know today first appeared in a songbook three years later.
The song is played in the United States mainly on New Year’s Eve. The version you are hearing today is by the Washington Saxophone Quartet. As we end our program with Auld Lang Syne, I would like to wish all our radio friends a very Happy New Year! This is Buddy Thomas.
【小题1】This passage is from ___________.

A.a newspaperB.a magazineC.a TV programD.a radio program

【小题2】Who is introducing Auld Lang Syne to us ?

A.Robert BurnsB.the Washington Saxophone Quartet
C.Buddy ThomasD.The passage doesn’t tell us.

【小题3】The words and the music of Auld Lang Syne we know today first appeared _________.

A.in 1790B.in 1793C.in 1796D.in 1799

4.单选题(共8题)

11.
近期,英国科学家造出“干水”。“干水”的每个颗粒内部是一颗水滴,外层是二氧化硅。下列有关判断正确的是
A.水与二氧化硅发生化学反应生成“干水”
B.“干水”是混合物
C.每个颗粒的“干水”中只含有一个水分子
D.“干水”与干冰成分相同、状态不同
12.
如下图所示,将足量的某铁粉用水均匀地粘在试管内壁上,将试管倒立在装有水的烧杯中。实验过程中,观察到试管内液面缓慢上升。下列分析错误的是
A.水能进入试管的最大体积约为试管容积的1/5
B.该铁粉在试管内发生了氧化反应
C.这一实验可以验证空气的组成不是单一的
D.如把该铁粉改为木炭粉,两者的现象完全相同
13.
香烟烟气中含有一种极易与人体血红蛋白结合的有毒气体,该气体是
A.O2B.N2C.COD.CO2
14.
氯化铵和硫酸钠溶解度曲线如下图所示,从图中获取信息正确的是
A.20 ℃~40 ℃,氯化铵的溶解度大于硫酸钠
B.两种物质溶解度都随温度升高而增大
C.45 ℃时两种物质饱和溶液的溶质质量分数相等
D.将50 ℃的硫酸钠饱和溶液降至20 ℃,始终没有晶体析出
15.
实验室配制100 g质量分数为4%的氢氧化钠溶液,下列描述正确的是
A.计算需氢氧化钠4 g、水100 g
B.将氢氧化钠固体放于纸上称量
C.把氢氧化钠固体放入量筒中溶解
D.将配好的氢氧化钠溶液装瓶并密封保存
16.
下列实验事故处理正确的是
A.可燃性气体大量泄漏时,立即接通电源用排气扇排气
B.酒精灯中的酒精洒在桌上燃烧起来,立即用湿抹布扑盖
C.氢氧化钠溶液沾到皮肤上,直接涂上浓盐酸
D.少量浓硫酸沾到皮肤上,用大量水冲洗,然后涂上浓氢氧化钠溶液
17.
某课外活动小组取刚降到地面的雨水水样,用pH计(测pH的仪器)每隔5 min测一次该水样的pH,数据如下表。已知酸雨的pH<5.6,下列说法错误的是
A.测定的时间内该水样的酸性减弱
B.该雨水是酸雨
C.该取样地点的空气可能受污染
D.用pH试纸不能测得表中数据
18.
装修房屋用到的下列材料,属于有机合成材料的是
A.大理石B.沙土
C.铝合金D.塑料水管

5.填空题(共3题)

19.
实验室用过氧化氢溶液和二氧化锰制取氧气,发生装置如图所示:

(1)装置中仪器a名称是_________。
(2)写出上述方法制取氧气的化学方程式:_________________。
(3)实验前,必须对该装置进行的操作是___________________。
(4)若要得到干燥的氧气,可选用的干燥剂是_______________,并用_____(填“向上”或“向下”)排气法收集氧气。
(5)该实验中,可回收重复使用的药品是________。
20.
某城市住宅饮用水的处理过程如右图所示:

(1)步骤①网格净水原理类似于步骤_____(填“②”或“③”或“④”等序号)。
(2)步骤②所起的作用是____(单选,填选项序号)。
A.杀死水中的细菌
B.减少水中氧气
C.使泥沙沉积至底部
D.分解有毒物质
 
(3)假如你是水质检验员,用简单的办法检验水样是否是硬水,可选用的试剂是____;若检验时发现水硬度高,你建议在饮用前可采取的处理办法是______。
(4)家庭净水器中含有大量的活性炭,活性炭起________作用。
21.
厦门某校在“国际化学年”中开展了以下趣味活动。
(1)“1+1<2”:将100mL酒精与100mL水充分混合后,体积小于200mL。用分子的观点解释这一现象:____________。两者混合过程发生____变化(填“物理”或“化学”)。
(2)“白纸显字”:取一张白纸,用酚酞写字,晾干后放在盛有浓氨水的试剂瓶口,立即显示出红色字迹。这一表演应用氨水的化学性质是________________________。
(3)“指纹鉴定”:向指纹上喷硝酸银溶液,指纹汗液中含有的氯化钠会转化成氯化银不溶物。写出这一反应的化学方程式:____________________________。
(4)“火球跳舞”:加热硝酸钾至熔化,投入黄豆大的木炭,木炭由黑转红,在试管里不断上下跳动。写出发生反应的化学方程式:
①硝酸钾受热分解生成亚硝酸钾(KNO2)和氧气:_______________________。
②木炭完全燃烧:_________________。

6.实验题(共1题)

22.
研究性学习小组对碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的性质进行探究,请你参与实验。
实验一:比较两种物质的热稳定性
设计如右图装置:小试管套装在带有支管的大试管中,整套装置气密性好,其他装置略去。

(1)为确保安全,实验结束时,在移离酒精灯前必须完成的操作是
(2)现象与结论:装有碳酸氢钠的试管口生成较多的无色小液滴,同时试管A中有大量的气泡产生,澄清石灰水变浑浊;试管B中也有气泡产生,澄清石灰水没有明显的变化;实验结束后,经检验大、小两试管内的物质均是碳酸钠。结合以上实验,可得出结论:①碳酸氢钠受热生成的物质是碳酸钠、
②在受热条件下,碳酸钠比碳酸氢钠稳定。
(3)反思与讨论:加热大试管时,碳酸钠的受热温度会高于碳酸氢钠。这能否准确地说明“在受热条件下,碳酸钠比碳酸氢钠稳定”这一结论?    (填“能”或“否”),理由是     
实验二:比较与盐酸反应生成相同体积二氧化碳气体的快慢
取碳酸氢钠4.2 g放入如图Ⅰ装置的锥形瓶中,取碳酸钠5.3 g放入另一相同装置的锥形瓶中,分别加入相同质量、相同浓度的盐酸(足量)。相同的条件下,通过图Ⅱ装置测量出生成气体的体积,得到时间—体积关系曲线如图Ⅲ所示。

图Ⅰ 图Ⅱ 图Ⅲ
(4)已知二氧化碳不溶于该油层,图Ⅱ装置中油层的作用是
(5)数据与分析:根据图Ⅲ曲线,可得出有关“比较与盐酸反应生成相同体积二氧化碳气体的快慢”的结论是     
(6)反思与讨论:实验中 “取碳酸氢钠4.2 g、碳酸钠5.3 g”的目的是
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(1道)

    流程题:(1道)

    选择题:(8道)

    单选题:(8道)

    填空题:(3道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:5