2013届四川省广元市中考模拟化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:298245

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/1/23

1.科学探究题(共1题)

1.
某兴趣小组在学习碱的化学性质时,进行了如下所示的实验.

(1)实验①中盐酸和氢氧化钠反应的化学方程式为   
(2)实验②中观察到试管内有白色沉淀产生,反应的化学方程式为       
(3)实验③中滴加氢氧化钠溶液后,可观察到的现象是       
实验结论:碱能与多种类别的物质发生反应,包括指示剂、非金属氧化物、酸和盐类等.
(反思交流)实验结束后,同学们对实验②的废液成分进行了探究:将实验②的废液进行过滤,滤渣所含的成分是   
(提出问题)滤液中所含溶质是什么物质呢?
(做出猜想)猜想一:滤液中的溶质是氢氧化钠.
猜想二:滤液中的溶质是氢氧化钠和碳酸钠.
猜想三:滤液中的溶质是氢氧化钠和   
(实验设计)同学们取滤液样品并加入酚酞溶液,溶液呈红色,继续逐滴加入稀盐酸,发现溶液逐渐变无色,同时有气泡产生.由此得出结论,猜想     正确.

2.计算题(共1题)

2.
鸡蛋壳的主要成分是磷酸钙.为了测定某鸡蛋壳中碳酸钙的质量分数,小群同学进行了如下实验:将鸡蛋壳洗净、干燥并捣碎后,称取10g放在烧杯里,然后往烧杯中加入足量的稀盐酸90g,充分反应后,称得反应剩余物为97.14g.(假设其他物质不与盐酸反应)
(1)产生二氧化碳气体  g.
(2)计算该鸡蛋壳中碳酸钙的质量分数.

3.单选题(共5题)

3.
逻辑推理是化学学习常用的思维方法,下列推理正确的是()
A.水能灭火,所以电脑一旦失火应立即用水浇灭
B.原子在化学变化中不能再分,则分子在化学变化中也不能再分
C.氧化物都含有氧元素,所以含有氧元素的化合物都是氧化物
D.点燃H2与O2的混合气体可能爆炸,则点燃CO与O2的混合气体也可能爆炸
4.
实验室制取二氧化碳和实验室制取氧气相比较,一定相同的是(()
A.发生装置B.收集方法
C.验满方法D.集满气体后的集气瓶的放置方法
5.
有a、b、c、d四支容积相同且密封的试管,分别充满氢气、氧气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳四种气体,将它们分别倒立于装有水的水槽中,同时拔开胶塞,试管内水位上升最高的是()
A.充满H2的试管B.充满CO2的试管
C.充满O2的试管D.充满CO的试管
6.
向某稀盐酸中逐渐加入试剂X后溶液的pH变化如图,试剂X可能是下列物质中的(  )
A.MgB.H2OC.CaOD.Fe2O3
7.
下列区分物质的试剂或方法不正确的是()
A.用闻气味的方法区分白酒和白醋
B.用水区分氯化钙和碳酸钙
C.用盐酸区分黄金和黄铜(含锌)
D.用酚酞溶液区分氯化钠溶液和盐酸

4.选择题(共11题)

8.

如图所示,两平行金属导轨间的距离L=0.40m,金属导轨所在的平面与水平面夹角θ=37°,在导轨所在平面内,分布着磁感应强度B=0.50T、方向垂直于导轨所在平面的匀强磁场.金属导轨的一端接有电动势E=4.5V、内阻r=0.50Ω的直流电源.现把一个质量m=0.040kg的导体棒ab放在金属导轨上,导体棒恰好静止.导体棒与金属导轨垂直、且接触良好,导体棒与金属导轨接触的两点间的电阻R0=2.5Ω,金属导轨电阻不计,g取10m/s2.已知sin37°=0.60,cos37°=0.80,求:

9.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    People seem to have a natural need for friends and with good reason. Friends increase your enjoyment of life and relieve feelings of loneliness. They even can help reduce stress and improve your health. Having good friends is especially helpful when you are going through any kind of hard time such as when you are experiencing anxiety, panic(恐慌) attacks, or depression.

    When you are with good friends you feel good about yourself, and you are glad to be with them. A friend is someone who —

●you like, respect, and trust, and who likes, respects and trusts you

●doesn't always understand you, but accepts and likes you as you are, even as you grow and change

●allows you the space to change, grow, make decisions, and even make mistakes

●listens to you and shares with you both the good times and the bad times

●respects your need for secrets, so you can tell them anything

●lets you freely express your feelings and emotions without judging, laughing at or criticizing you

●accepts the limitations you have put on yourself and helps you to remove them

    A person once said, “Friendship is a continuing source of bonding(连接), releasing, and creating in yourself and with the other person. There is an emotional bond between the two people.”

    A good friend or supporter may or may not be the same age or the same sex as you, and may not have the same educational, cultural, or religious background, or share interests that are similar to yours. Friendships also have different depths(深度). Some are closer to the heart and some more superficial, but they're all useful and good.

10.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    When I was a kid, I always used to wonder how in the world my father worked outside in the winter without a coat. It could be minus 20 degrees centigrade and there'd be Dad, removing snow, or perhaps chopping(砍) some wood — his coat thrown aside — wearing a shirt, a cap, and a pair of gloves.

    “Aren't you cold, Dad?” I'd ask. “No,” Dad would reply. “I'm not cold—working too hard to be cold.”

    Many times I wondered whether my father was an extremely tough man, or whether he was foolish.

    One time when I was quite young, perhaps five or so, I went ice fishing with Dad. It was a bright, clear day—and bitterly cold.

    After we'd been out on the ice for a little while, my feet started getting cold.

    “Daddy, my feet are cold.” I said.

    “Yeah, it's cold out here today,” he replied.

    “Tell you what,” he said. “Walk around. Make some circles in the snow. See how many different patterns you can make. That will get your feet warm.”

    I was just a little girl at the time but I remember thinking, “How in the world will walking around in the snow make my feet warm? Dad must be out of mind.”

    But he was my father, after all. I made circles in the snow. I made squares. Pretty soon I was having so much fun making patterns in the snow. I forgot about my feet being cold.

    Now, all these years later, I know, too, from personal experience how my father was able to take his coat off and work outside in the winter wearing just a shirt, a cap and gloves. Because I do it, too. “Aren't you cold?” my husband asked one winter day. “No,” I replied. “I'm not cold—working too hard to be cold.”

    I hope my husband has decided I'm both tough and smart. But I guess quite a bit of the time he thinks I'm foolish.

    Wherever Dad is on that great big farm in the sky—I'm sure he can't help but smile whenever I take my coat off while I'm working outside in the winter.

11.

根据所学知识填空:

12.

如图所示,M为一线圈电阻rM=1Ω的电动机,定值电阻R=5Ω,电源电动势E=12V.当S闭合时,电压表的示数为U1=10.0V,当开关S断开时,电压表的示数为U2=5.0V.求:

13.

如图所示,M为一线圈电阻rM=1Ω的电动机,定值电阻R=5Ω,电源电动势E=12V.当S闭合时,电压表的示数为U1=10.0V,当开关S断开时,电压表的示数为U2=5.0V.求:

14.

如图所示,M为一线圈电阻rM=1Ω的电动机,定值电阻R=5Ω,电源电动势E=12V.当S闭合时,电压表的示数为U1=10.0V,当开关S断开时,电压表的示数为U2=5.0V.求:

15.

如图所示,M为一线圈电阻rM=1Ω的电动机,定值电阻R=5Ω,电源电动势E=12V.当S闭合时,电压表的示数为U1=10.0V,当开关S断开时,电压表的示数为U2=5.0V.求:

16.

用千分尺测量金属丝的直径,示数如图所示,则金属丝的直径为{#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

17.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Money Matters

    Parents should help their children understand money. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.

1)The basic function of money

    Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). {#blank#}2{#/blank#} When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex (复杂的) ways of using money.

2)Money lessons

    Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} If you must say NO to a child's request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy cars for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”

3){#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Begin at the grocery store(杂货店). Pick out two similar brands(商标) of a product—a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to buy another one with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for buying others.

A. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

B. The value of money

C. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest

D. Permit the child to choose between them

E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you

F. Tell your child why he can or can't have certain things

G. Wise decisions

18.

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

    Long ago there was a poor farmer called Fred. Fred and his wife Doris lived {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(happy) together in their small old house. One winter night, the Luck Fairy visited {#blank#}2{#/blank#}.

    “Fred, you're a good farmer. I'd like to give you a wish,” said the Luck Fairy.

    “A wish?” said Fred.

    Fred and Doris smiled {#blank#}3{#/blank#}each other. Then Fred said, “Thank you, Luck Fairy. We're very healthy and happy.”

    “You work very hard {#blank#}4{#/blank#}you make very little money. Would you like some gold coins?” asked the Luck Fairy.

    “We're poor, but we have enough food {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(eat).” replied Fred.

    “You can use the gold coin to buy {#blank#}6{#/blank#}clothes. The winter here is very cold,” said Luck Fairy.

    “{#blank#}7{#/blank#} we haven't got many clothes, we've got enough.” said Doris.

    “Well, what about {#blank#}8{#/blank#}nice new house?” asked Luck Fairy.

    “Thank you, but I love my small old house very much. I {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(live) here since I was born. We don't need a new house,” said Fred.

    “You're quite different {#blank#}10{#/blank#}others. I like you very much,” said the Luck Fairy. “I wish you happy forever.” Then the Luck Fairy disappeared and never came back.

5.多选题(共1题)

19.
环境和能源是人类生存和发展的基本条件.下列有关环境和能源的说法错误的是()
A.所有化学反应在生成新物质的同时,都伴随着热量放出
B.煤、石油、天然气是三种重要化石燃料
C.太阳能、风能等是人类正在利用和开发的主要能源
D.推广乙醇汽油可以适度减轻汽车尾气对环境的污染

6.填空题(共3题)

20.
用化学用语填空:
(1)金刚石    .(2)碳酸氢铵     
(3)氢氧根离子  .(4)氧化铝中铝元素的化合价   
(5)天然气(沼气)的燃烧反应    
21.
元素周期律和周期表是学习化学的重要工具,下表是元素周期表的一部分.请你根据下表回答问题:

(1)氟的相对原子质量是    
(2)磷原子核内的中子数为    
(3)上表中金属元素有     种.
(4)元素周期表同一横行元素的原子序数从左至右逐渐   
22.
现有下列物质:活性炭、硫粉、铁粉、氢气、氧气、氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、酒精、葡萄糖.请按以下要求将其化学式填入空格内(每空填一种物质).
(1)保持氧气化学性质的最小粒子   
(2)煤气的主要成分  
(3)食物淀粉消化后为人体组织提供营养的物质是  
(4)产生“温室效应”的主要原因之一是大量含碳物质的燃烧,导致大气中  的含量增大.为了减缓此现象,最理想的燃料是   
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    科学探究题:(1道)

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(5道)

    选择题:(11道)

    多选题:(1道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:1