2017届河南省清丰县实验初级中学九年级下学期第二次模拟考试化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:297958

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2017/5/13

1.简答题(共3题)

1.
右图是某同学设计的趣味实验装置,其气密性良好。
若将胶头滴管中的物质滴入锥形瓶后,能明显观察到U形管中红墨水的液面左低右高,甚至从右端溢出。请推测胶头滴管和锥形瓶中的物质分别是什么?(答出两种组合即可)
2.
培养学生的科学探究能力是新课程改革的重要理念。下图是教材中的部分探究实验,请根据图示回答以下问题。

⑴实验A的实验目的是什么?右边试管收集的气体如何验证?
⑵写出实验B中发生反应的化学方程式。
⑶由实验C得出的结论是什么?
3.
现有一包白色粉末,其中含有CuSO4、BaCl2、NaOH、Na2CO3中的一种或几种。某化学小组为确定白色粉末的成分,进行了如下实验:(Ⅰ)取一定量白色粉末,加入足量水,振荡,得到无色透明溶液;(Ⅱ)取少量(Ⅰ)的溶液,加入足量盐酸,有气泡产生。(提示:BaCO3难溶于水;Na2CO3的水溶液呈碱性)
(1)该白色粉末中肯定含有什么物质?可能含有什么物质?
(2)请说出肯定不含物质的理由。
(3)为确定可能含有的物质是否存在,还需做什么实验?请写出简要的实验步骤。

2.推断题(共1题)

4.
甲、乙、丙、丁均为初中化学常见物质,它们有如右下图的转化关系,请回答:

⑴若甲和乙反应生成的丙为最清洁的气体燃料,则丙的化学式为______。
⑵若乙是能够支持燃烧的气体,请写出在一定条件下符合此转化关系的一个化学方程式______________。
⑶若甲是极易与血红蛋白结合的有毒气体,丙是我国春秋战国时期就开始生产和使用的一种金属,工业上冶炼该金属的化学方程式为____________________________________。

3.综合题(共1题)

5.
神州九号载人飞船的成功发射和着陆是中国载人航天事业一个新的里程碑。
(1)在宇宙飞船上通常安装盛有过氧化钠(Na2O2)的装置,它的作用是与人呼出的二氧化碳反应生成氧气和碳酸钠,写出该反应的化学方程式
(2)下图中图①、图②装置都可以在实验室制取氧气。图①中仪器a的名称是 。请写出实验室用图②装置制取氧气的一个化学方程式:

(3)某同学在加热KClO3制O2的过程中,发现产生O2的速率很慢,经检查不是KClO3变质,也不是装置气密性不好,你认为最可能的原因是
(4)氯气是一种重要的化工原料,它是一种黄绿色的有毒气体,密度比空气大,能溶于水。如果在实验室中制取氯气并用图③装置进行收集,则气体应从   (填字母)端通入。如果储气罐中氯气泄露时,你给现场的人们一条逃生自救的建议是:
(5)某化学活动小组欲测定人体呼出气体中二氧化碳的含量。取呼出气体样品10g,通入到足量的澄清石灰水中,充分反应后过滤,称量所得沉淀质量为5g。求人体呼出气体中二氧化碳的质量分数。

4.选择题(共7题)

6.

阅读理解

    I am a karate(空手道) player. I still remember my first karate competition. Like other players,

I was very excited about my event. I watched every player's skills so that I could carefully avoid their moves.

    Somehow, I got into the semifinals(半决赛). In the semifinals, I fell down and hurt myself. I still didn't give up, so I fought back and got into finals. After all, getting the gold medal was my dream.

    In the final competition, there were no supporters on my side, as I was a new face. Instead, the crowd was cheering for my opponent(对手). I could hear only my opponent's name.

    I didn't mind the crowd's cheering. I kept one thing in mind: focus, wait and attack. I had confidence in myself, and I knew that no matter how strong my opponent was, I had to give it my best shot and fight well.

    When the time was up, I was leading with a 3—0 score. One thing I learned from that event is, no matter how strong your opponent is, don't think you are weak or strong. Just give your best shot, and you will make your way to success.

    Win or lose, you will gain important experiences. Learn from every step you take.

7.

阅读理解

    I am a karate(空手道) player. I still remember my first karate competition. Like other players,

I was very excited about my event. I watched every player's skills so that I could carefully avoid their moves.

    Somehow, I got into the semifinals(半决赛). In the semifinals, I fell down and hurt myself. I still didn't give up, so I fought back and got into finals. After all, getting the gold medal was my dream.

    In the final competition, there were no supporters on my side, as I was a new face. Instead, the crowd was cheering for my opponent(对手). I could hear only my opponent's name.

    I didn't mind the crowd's cheering. I kept one thing in mind: focus, wait and attack. I had confidence in myself, and I knew that no matter how strong my opponent was, I had to give it my best shot and fight well.

    When the time was up, I was leading with a 3—0 score. One thing I learned from that event is, no matter how strong your opponent is, don't think you are weak or strong. Just give your best shot, and you will make your way to success.

    Win or lose, you will gain important experiences. Learn from every step you take.

8.

【加试题】伯里克利上台后,开始加紧重建被希波战争摧毁的雅典卫城。尽管贵族派反对他耗费巨资,但伯里克利作为战后青年一代的楷模,仍获得了公民大会的支持,赋予其建造卫城之权。他力争把帕特农神庙中的雅典娜神奉为全希腊的大神,吸引希腊人来朝圣,并通过土木工程建设给各行业的工匠以就业机会。据此可以说明(  )

①帕特农神庙是雅典娜女神的主神庙

②公民大会是雅典事实上的最高权力机构

③伯里克利使雅典民主政治建设趋于完善

④重建雅典卫城在政治、军事和经济上具有重大意义

9.

根据文章内容和括号内所给汉语的意思,写出各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。

Dear Dad,

    Father's Day is coming. Although I am {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(忙)getting ready for the high school entrance exams, I want to celebrate it for you because you are my {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(英雄). I'd say, “I love you, Dad!”

    I do think you are the most {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(耐心)father in the world. Every time I have trouble, you always give me advice and help me out. I remember {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(一次)I failed in a competition, I felt terrible. Instead of complaining, you just said to me quietly, “A real man must learn to{#blank#}5{#/blank#}(面对)many failures in life bravely. Cheer up!” I repeated your words many times and finally knew what {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(它的)meaning was.

    Dad, I am going to buy you a {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(明信片)as a present. I hope you will like it although I don't think it can {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(表达)all of my thanks to you. I believe you can {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(理解)me. Love you forever, Dad!

Best {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(祝愿)!

Yours,

Mike

10.

1866年,清朝官员斌椿奉命考察欧洲,所著《乘槎笔记》被认为是中国知识分子最早亲历欧洲的记述。下列项中,不可能在其笔记中出现的是(  )

11.

1866年,清朝官员斌椿奉命考察欧洲,所著《乘槎笔记》被认为是中国知识分子最早亲历欧洲的记述。下列项中,不可能在其笔记中出现的是(  )

12.

任务型阅读

Chris Jones 刚刚结束了一次不同寻常的印度之旅,记者就此对他进行了采访。以下是采访的部分内容。请根据Chris Jones的回答,从A, B, C, D四个选项中选择恰当的问题填入下面小题的空格处。并完成第(2)小题

A. Can you tell me the journey?

B. Did you have any problems on your journey?

C. How long did it take to find a suitable elephant?

D. What gave you the idea to travel around India on an elephant?

    Reporter:    ① 

    Chris: Well, it all started two years ago when I was having a trip to India. I visited a photographic exhibition of elephants and I realized that the only way to travel around India was on an elephant.

    Reporter: What did you do next?

    Chris: I flew to New Delhi and started looking for an elephant. I needed an elephant trained to carry people. I asked an expert for help. He taught me how to ride an elephant. He also helped me find an elephant.

    Reporter:   ② 

    Chris: Not too long. I bought an elephant called Tara for about USD 6,000.

    Reporter:  ③ 

    Chris: Tara and I set off from New Delhi a week later. We were heading to Sonepur in northern India. And what a ride! Elephants can travel at about 6 miles an hour. It took us 64 days to complete the journey.

    Reporter:  ④ 

    Chris: Yes, a few. But nothing serious. On the third day, Tara hurt her foot. But that got better quickly. Also, there was a lot of heavy rain during the first week and we got very wet!

5.单选题(共8题)

13.
右图是某反应的微观示意图,下列说法错误的是(    )
A.反应物中有单质和化合物
B.反应前后原子个数和元素种类都不变
C.参加反应的两种物质的微粒个数比为2:3
D.该反应属于置换反应
14.
下列各组物质按单质、氧化物、混合物的顺序排列的是()
A.铁矿石、金刚石、硬铝B.铁、冰水混合物、优质煤
C.干冰、大理石、液氧D.蒸馏水、过氧化氢、乙醇汽油
15.
蚊虫叮咬时分泌的蚁酸(CH2O2)会使人皮肤肿痛。下列有关蚁酸说法正确的是(    )
A.蚁酸中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为12:1:16
B.蚁酸由碳、氢、氧三种原子构成
C.蚁酸中氢元素的质量分数最小
D.蚁酸分子有碳原子、氢分子和氧分子构成
16.
下列关于实验现象的描述,正确的是(    )
A.铁丝在氧气中剧烈燃烧,火星四射,生成白色固体
B.硫在空气中燃烧发出微弱的淡蓝色火焰
C.一氧化碳还原氧化铁的反应中,黑色粉末变成了红色
D.铁丝插入稀盐酸中,有少量气泡产生,溶液不变色
17.
下列做法符合科学道理的是()
A.用纯碱制取烧碱B.用大量亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)腌渍食品
C.用工业酒精兑制白酒D.用胆矾对饮用水杀菌消毒
18.
某农场种植的小麦生长迟缓。针对这种情况小麦结实期应施用的是   (    )
A.NH4HCO3B.CO(NH2)2C.K2SO4D.Ca(H2PO4)2
19.
近段时期郑州市市区空气中雾霾严重,其中PM2.5是重要因素之一。下列做法会导致空气中PM2.5增大的是  (    )
A.春节期间大量燃放烟花爆竹B.城市道路定时洒水
C.大力植树造林D.加强建筑工地扬沙的控制
20.
下列实验基本操作中,正确的是(  )
A.[Failed to download image : http://192.168.0.10:8086//QBM/2019/7/13/2246028708282368/2246614828261376/STEM/176b0447-d117-42b5-bd8a-c28e35882dda.png]倾倒液体B.过滤
C. 加热液体D. 熄灭酒精灯

6.填空题(共5题)

21.
右图是密闭体系中某反应的微观示意图,“” 和“”分别表示不同原子。请用下列粒子的字母序号回答⑴、⑵两个小题:

⑴依据质量守恒定律,反应后方框内应再填入一个    粒子。
A. B. C.
⑵由此反应可知分子与原子主要不同之处是
22.
钙元素在人类的生命和生活中具有重要意义。
(1)在元素周期表中,钙元素的信息如右图所示。则钙元素的相对原子质量为

(2)氧化钙可做某些食品的干燥剂,用化学方程式表示其原理:
(3)氢氧化钙俗称熟石灰,常用于制备补碘剂Ca(IO3)2,其中碘元素的化合价为:
23.
国家新版《生活饮用水卫生标准》从2012年7月1日起强制实施,其中饮用水消毒剂除了目前采用的液氯以外,补充了一氯胺(NH2Cl)、臭氧(O3)等。
(1)使用硬水会给生活和生产带来许多麻烦,生活中常通过 来降低水的硬度。
(2)用NH2Cl消毒时,发生的反应为:NH2Cl + H2O =" X" + HClO ,其中X的化学式为
24.
运用溶解度表与溶解度曲线回答下列问题:

(1)B是________的溶解度曲线。
(2)60℃时,l00g水中加入l00g硝酸钾,所得溶液是________(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液,当60℃的该溶液降温到30℃时,析出晶体的质量为________g。
(3)现有50℃时A物质的不饱和溶液,在不减少溶剂的情况下,欲使其变成饱和溶液,下列措施肯定不能实现的是________(填序号)。
①降低温度 ②升高温度 ③加入A物质
25.
请用一种试剂除去括号中的杂质:
(1)KNO3(CuSO4 (2)NaOH(Na2CO3   
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(3道)

    推断题:(1道)

    综合题:(1道)

    选择题:(7道)

    单选题:(8道)

    填空题:(5道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:5