2013届山东省德州市齐河县中考一模化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:297828

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/1/23

1.推断题(共1题)

1.
A、B、C是初中化学中的常见物质,且三种物质中都含有X元素,已知:①X元素是地壳中含量最高的元素;②A为单质,B、C为化合物;③B是产生温室效应的主要气体;④C大量用于建筑业;C与稀盐酸反应可产生
A.请回答:
(1)C的化学式为       
(2)写出A与铁反应的化学方程式:      
(3)写出B与饱和石灰水反应的化学方程式:   

2.单选题(共5题)

2.
下列日常生活中的物质变化或性质描述正确的是(  )
A.化学家在环境问题上提出的最新构想是变废为宝,资源循环利用:燃料燃烧产物燃料,以上两个转化过程的变化均属于化学变化
B.网络、报纸、电视等媒体爆料的造假事件:用淀粉、蔗糖、奶香精等掺和成“奶粉”是化学变化
C.在厨房里,“在晾干的咸菜表面会出现白色晶体”,这属于化学性质
D.在衣柜里,“樟脑球渐渐消失”,这属于物理性质
3.
如图所示是a、b两种固体物质(不含结晶水)的溶解度曲线图,下列说法正确的是()
A.a物质的溶解度大于b物质的溶解度
B.将t2℃时a、b两种物质相同质量的饱和溶液,分别冷却到t1℃,a析出的晶体质量大
C.图中A、B两点对应溶液均为饱和状态
D.t1℃时,a溶液的溶质质量分数比b大
4.
如果将物质按单质、氧化物、酸、碱、盐、有机物分类,如图中甲、乙、丙是三种不同类别的物质,且相连物之间均能发生化学反应,下列说法符合图示要求的是()
A.当甲为氯化铵时,X可以为氢氧化钾
B.当甲、乙、丙分别为酸、碱、盐时,X一定不可能为碳酸钠
C.当X为氧气时,甲、乙、丙可以为氢气、红磷、葡萄糖
D.当X为稀盐酸时,甲、乙、丙可以为铜、氢氧化铜、硝酸银
5.
下列关于化学实验的“目的﹣操作﹣现象﹣结论”的描述不正确的是(  )
 
实验目的
所加试剂(或操作、图示)
实验现象
实验结论
A
检验稀盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液是否恰好完全反应
在反应后的溶液中滴加无色酚酞试液
无明显现象
恰好完全反应
B
判断海水和蒸馏水
蒸发结晶
液体消失,无残留物
该液体为蒸馏水
C
检验溶液中是否含碳酸根离子或碳酸氢根离子
加入稀盐酸再将气体通入石灰水中
有气体产生并生成白色沉淀
溶液中一定含碳酸根离子或碳酸氢根离子
D
测定空气中氧气的体积分数

完全燃烧后,冷却至室温,打开弹簧夹,进入水的体积约为集气瓶总体积的五分之一
氧气约占空气体积的五分之一
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
6.
生活中的某些问题常常涉及化学知识.下列叙述正确的是()
A.合金材料在现实生活中应用广泛,合金材料中不可能含有非金属元素
B.酸雨的形成主要是因为化石燃料燃烧排放的废气中含有大量的碳氧化物
C.实施绿化工程,防治扬尘污染,从而改善空气质量,减少雾霾天气
D.用CuSO4溶液浸泡粽叶,使粽叶变得鲜绿,不会对人体健康造成危害

3.选择题(共7题)

7.

从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Danger-junkie orangutans(猩猩) in Borneo climb dead trees and shake then until they begin to fall. They scream with excitement as they cling to the falling tree. Just before the tree hits the ground the orangutans leap to another tree or vine, narrowly escaping death. While no one cab ask orangutans if they enjoy it as a person playing an extreme sport, one animal behaviorist sees this monkey fun as a bit of harmless thrill-seeking.

    A growing number of scientists agree that animals are conscious and capable of experiencing basic emotions(情感), such as happiness, sadness, boredom or depression. A few scientists even see the possibility for higher animal emotions like love, jealousy and spite.

    Five years ago, behaviorist and animal-rights activist Dr. Jonathan Balcombe stood on a Virginia hotel balcony watching two crows intimately groom (清洁) each other in the comfort of an abandoned billboard. He felt that the birds liked what they were doing, even if engaged in a natural, beneficial act, such as picking parasites (寄生虫) off the other's feathers. That moment changed the way he would view animals forever and led to a book, “Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good”, which is filled with hundreds of examples of animals living it up thanks to developed senses of touch, taste, sight, sound and smell.

    Balcombe recounts a favorite example of Kenyan hippos (河马) having high-end spa treatment in a fresh water spring. They splay their toes, open their mouths wide and wait for a school of cleaner fish to remove parasites and slough off dead skin, he recalls. Balcombe knows that the hippos and the fish both benefit from this arrangement. “My interpretation is that it is also enjoyable for them ,” he says.

8.

从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Danger-junkie orangutans(猩猩) in Borneo climb dead trees and shake then until they begin to fall. They scream with excitement as they cling to the falling tree. Just before the tree hits the ground the orangutans leap to another tree or vine, narrowly escaping death. While no one cab ask orangutans if they enjoy it as a person playing an extreme sport, one animal behaviorist sees this monkey fun as a bit of harmless thrill-seeking.

    A growing number of scientists agree that animals are conscious and capable of experiencing basic emotions(情感), such as happiness, sadness, boredom or depression. A few scientists even see the possibility for higher animal emotions like love, jealousy and spite.

    Five years ago, behaviorist and animal-rights activist Dr. Jonathan Balcombe stood on a Virginia hotel balcony watching two crows intimately groom (清洁) each other in the comfort of an abandoned billboard. He felt that the birds liked what they were doing, even if engaged in a natural, beneficial act, such as picking parasites (寄生虫) off the other's feathers. That moment changed the way he would view animals forever and led to a book, “Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good”, which is filled with hundreds of examples of animals living it up thanks to developed senses of touch, taste, sight, sound and smell.

    Balcombe recounts a favorite example of Kenyan hippos (河马) having high-end spa treatment in a fresh water spring. They splay their toes, open their mouths wide and wait for a school of cleaner fish to remove parasites and slough off dead skin, he recalls. Balcombe knows that the hippos and the fish both benefit from this arrangement. “My interpretation is that it is also enjoyable for them ,” he says.

9.

Edison is a famous {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(发明家) all over the world.

10.青藏地区主要的农作物有(    )
11.

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

    There was no one quite like my father. When any other man had an extra dollar, he bought a drink; when Father had an extra dollar, he bought a book. Other people had pictures on their walls, or at least a calendar; we had books, 3000 of them, {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(line) every surface of our little four-room house {#blank#}2{#/blank#} every subject. Father was the {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (more) persistent (固执的) scholar I ever knew. Every summer he took a month or so off to attend classes. Eventually, he earned seven degrees, attended 11 different colleges and universities. My sister and I were the immediate beneficiaries of Father's insatiable (不能满足的){#blank#}4{#/blank#}(hungry) to learn.

    Before I was three, my father was reading aloud to me. Thereafter, I read aloud to him so he'd work on my {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (pronounce). By the time I was in the fifth grade, I'd recite {#blank#}6{#/blank#} classical literature to poetry and had to be prepared to do {#blank#}7{#/blank#} Then Father would warn by quoting a saying from Shakespeare, “{#blank#}8{#/blank#} all the year were playing holidays, to sport would be as tedious(乏味的) as to work. “Obviously, his efforts weren't {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (entire) in vain, for my voice has enable me to earn a fair livelihood. But that fact doesn't begin to define the most debt {#blank#}10{#/blank#} I owe my father.

12.

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

    There was no one quite like my father. When any other man had an extra dollar, he bought a drink; when Father had an extra dollar, he bought a book. Other people had pictures on their walls, or at least a calendar; we had books, 3000 of them, {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(line) every surface of our little four-room house {#blank#}2{#/blank#} every subject. Father was the {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (more) persistent (固执的) scholar I ever knew. Every summer he took a month or so off to attend classes. Eventually, he earned seven degrees, attended 11 different colleges and universities. My sister and I were the immediate beneficiaries of Father's insatiable (不能满足的){#blank#}4{#/blank#}(hungry) to learn.

    Before I was three, my father was reading aloud to me. Thereafter, I read aloud to him so he'd work on my {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (pronounce). By the time I was in the fifth grade, I'd recite {#blank#}6{#/blank#} classical literature to poetry and had to be prepared to do {#blank#}7{#/blank#} Then Father would warn by quoting a saying from Shakespeare, “{#blank#}8{#/blank#} all the year were playing holidays, to sport would be as tedious(乏味的) as to work. “Obviously, his efforts weren't {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (entire) in vain, for my voice has enable me to earn a fair livelihood. But that fact doesn't begin to define the most debt {#blank#}10{#/blank#} I owe my father.

13.

The bridge was {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(设计) in a unique style.

4.填空题(共3题)

14.
据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,截至目前,全国已报告31例H7N9禽流感病例,9人死亡.各地正持续发力应对H7N9禽流感疫情,全天候进行监控.根据国家卫生和计划生育委员会印发的《人感染H7N9禽流感诊疗方案(2013年第1版)》指出,可选用奥司他韦(Oseltamivir)或扎那米韦(Zanamivir),临床应用表明对禽流感病毒H5N1和H1N1感染等有效,推测对人感染H7N9禽流感病毒应有效.其中奥司他韦又称达菲,其分子式为:C16H31N2PO8.请阅读信息后,回答:
(1)达菲有    种元素组成,一个达菲分子含有 个原子.
(2)达菲的相对分子质量是    ,其中碳元素的质量分数为
15.
工业上用金属钠在氧气中燃烧或者氧化钠在空气中加热,可制得过氧化钠(化学式为:Na2O2).乐乐同学为了研究Na2O2与CO2的反应,设计了如图实验:两个中间用干燥管连接的针筒,干燥管中盛有淡黄色固体Na2O2,并用玻璃纤维(不与其它物质反应)固定.其中一个针筒中充有100mL干燥的CO2,将CO2气体通过Na2O2粉末缓缓推入另一针筒中,反复数次后,干燥管的温度明显升高,冷却至反应开始时的温度和压强后,针筒中剩余的气体维持在50mL,进一步实验证明该气体为纯净物(X),并且能使余烬木条复燃;认真观察发现干燥管中Na2O2表面有一部分固体变为白色物质(Y).

友情小帖:在同温同压下任何相同体积的气体具有相同的分子数.例如:同温同压下1L氢气所含有的氢气分子数与1L氧气所含的氧气分子数相同.
(1)请你帮乐乐同学分析:X气体是     (写化学式);若该反应的化学方程式为:a Na2O2+b CO2═c X+d Y (其中a、b、c、d为系数),则b:c=   
(2)乐乐同学猜测白色物质Y可能是Na2CO3,请你帮乐乐同学用实验验证他的猜想.(要求:写出实验方案)
(3)欢欢同学在参与该实验设计时,想用棉花代替玻璃纤维固定Na2O2固体,你是否支持他的做法?并说明理由.
(4)物质性质决定用途,请你根据Na2O2与CO2的反应的性质推测它的一项重要用途.
16.
“从生活走进化学,从化学走向社会”.请你用化学知识回答以下问题:燃料和食品在人类社会的发展中起着相当重要的作用.
(1)下面是人类大规模使用燃料的大致顺序:木柴→木炭→煤→石油、天然气.
①上述燃料中属于化石燃料的是______;这些化石燃料属于______能源(填“可再生”或“不可再生”).
②天然气燃烧的化学方程式为:______.
(2)现代社会对能量的需求量越来越大,化学反应提供的能量已不能满足人类的需求.人们正在利用和开发新能源,如______.(举一例)
(3)节假日或双休日,去郊游野炊实为一大快事.
①对野炊有经验的人会告诉你,餐具最好是导热性好,不易破碎的材料制的,你准备带的餐具是用:______制的;(填字母)
A 金属 B 陶瓷    C 塑料
②在“灶”上悬挂野炊锅时,应调节野炊锅到合适的高度.你觉得原因可能是______;
③在引燃细枯枝后,如果迅速往“灶”里塞满枯枝,结果反而燃烧不旺,并产生很多浓烟,说明物质充分燃烧需要的条件是______.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    推断题:(1道)

    单选题:(5道)

    选择题:(7道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:1