2014届上海市黄浦区中考二模化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:297789

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/5/5

1.计算题(共1题)

1.
一种石灰石样品的成分是CaCO3和SiO2。为了测定该样品中CaCO3的质量分数,现将100g盐酸等分5次加到35g此样品中,得到部分数据与图像。

次数
第1次
第3次
第4次
加入盐酸的质量(g)
20
20
20
剩余固体的质量(g)
30
a
15
 
(1)石灰石样品中CaCO3的质量分数是  
(2)第3次加入盐酸后,a为  g。
(3)反应共产生0.2mol CO2求加入盐酸溶质的质量分数。(根据化学方程式列式计算)

2.单选题(共14题)

2.
物质不需要通过化学变化就能体现的性质是
A.稳定性B.酸性C.可燃性D.吸附性
3.
化学反应:CO2+4Na2Na2O+C,可用于合成金刚石。反应中作还原剂的物质是
A.CO2B.NaC.Na2OD.C
4.
属于混合物的是
A.蒸馏水B.液氧C.水银D.天然气
5.
化学课本中提供的图表资料,可以为我们提供很多信息。其中叙述错误的是
A.根据溶解度曲线图,可以判断从溶液中获得晶体的方法
B.根据酸、碱、盐的溶解性表,可以判断某些复分解反应能否发生
C.根据元素的相对原子质量表,可以判断元素的化学性质
D.根据金属活动顺序表,可以判断金属能否置换某些盐溶液中的金属元素
6.
臭氧(O3)、二氧化氯(ClO2)、双氧水(H2O2)是常用的消毒剂,三种物质中都含有
A.氧分子B.氧原子C.氧气D.氧元素
7.
化学式书写正确的是
A. 氯化钙 CaCl B. 氦气Ne2
C. 硫酸铜 CuSO4 D. 氧化铝 AlO
8.
煅烧石灰石(石灰石中的杂质不含钙、碳元素,且不参与反应)可制得氧化钙。测得煅烧后剩余固体中钙元素与碳元素的物质的量之比为2:1,则已分解的碳酸钙与原碳酸钙的质量比是
A.3:5B.1:2C.2:5D.3:10
9.
在I2O5+ 5CO → I2+ 5CO2反应过程中化合价降低的元素是]
A. 碳 B. 氧 C. 碘 D. 无法确定
10.
实验室需要收集一试管CO2,最好选用的装置是

A.     B. C.     D.
11.
化学方程式是世界通用的化学语言,正确的化学方程式是
A.Mg+O2 MgO2
B.2Fe+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2
C.2NaOH+SO2=Na2SO4+H2O
D.CO+CuO CO2+Cu
12.
将洁净的铁丝浸入含有AgNO3和Zn(NO3)2废液中,一段时间后取出,铁丝表面覆盖了一层物质,这层物质是
A.Ag、ZnB.AgC.ZnD.Zn 、Fe
13.
以下关系比较中,正确的是
A.pH=6.7雨水的酸性>pH=5.6雨水的酸性
B.相同条件下在水中的溶解性:氢氧化钙>氢氧化钠
C.等质量的木炭燃烧放出的热量:完全燃烧>不完全燃烧
D.溶质的质量分数:饱和溶液>不饱和溶液
14.
CaO可作干燥剂,其俗称是
A.生石灰B.熟石灰C.氧化钙D.大理石
15.
关于玻璃棒作用,描述错误的是
A.过滤时:引流B.测溶液pH 时:蘸取
C.捣碎固体时:研磨D.加速固体溶解时:搅拌

3.选择题(共12题)

16.阅读理解

    Michael Jackson was one of the world's best singers. He was born in the middle west of the city of Gary, Indiana, in 1958. He began singing with his four brothers. They called the group, “The Jackson Five”. The group became very popular after appearing on a television program. In 1970 the group made their  first record with the name of I Want You Back. It was very popular. One of their hit records was Never Say Goodbye.

    Michael was good at dancing as well as singing, for example, his dance moves and moon walking. He was asked to act in a film in 1978 for the first time, and in the same year he made a record on his own, which was sold eight million copies all over the world.

    Michael nearly didn't go out because he was too famous. Once his fans went off in a faint(晕倒)when they saw him at the concert. No one can do it by now. He lived in a large house and kept lots of animals. He never ate meat. He often raised money for charity. This made him win the Guinness world Records(吉尼斯世界纪录)in 2006. He died on June 25th, 2009, but he would live in our hearts forever.

17.阅读理解

    Michael Jackson was one of the world's best singers. He was born in the middle west of the city of Gary, Indiana, in 1958. He began singing with his four brothers. They called the group, “The Jackson Five”. The group became very popular after appearing on a television program. In 1970 the group made their  first record with the name of I Want You Back. It was very popular. One of their hit records was Never Say Goodbye.

    Michael was good at dancing as well as singing, for example, his dance moves and moon walking. He was asked to act in a film in 1978 for the first time, and in the same year he made a record on his own, which was sold eight million copies all over the world.

    Michael nearly didn't go out because he was too famous. Once his fans went off in a faint(晕倒)when they saw him at the concert. No one can do it by now. He lived in a large house and kept lots of animals. He never ate meat. He often raised money for charity. This made him win the Guinness world Records(吉尼斯世界纪录)in 2006. He died on June 25th, 2009, but he would live in our hearts forever.

18.阅读理解

    Michael Jackson was one of the world's best singers. He was born in the middle west of the city of Gary, Indiana, in 1958. He began singing with his four brothers. They called the group, “The Jackson Five”. The group became very popular after appearing on a television program. In 1970 the group made their  first record with the name of I Want You Back. It was very popular. One of their hit records was Never Say Goodbye.

    Michael was good at dancing as well as singing, for example, his dance moves and moon walking. He was asked to act in a film in 1978 for the first time, and in the same year he made a record on his own, which was sold eight million copies all over the world.

    Michael nearly didn't go out because he was too famous. Once his fans went off in a faint(晕倒)when they saw him at the concert. No one can do it by now. He lived in a large house and kept lots of animals. He never ate meat. He often raised money for charity. This made him win the Guinness world Records(吉尼斯世界纪录)in 2006. He died on June 25th, 2009, but he would live in our hearts forever.

19.There are so many beautiful bags in the store. I can't decide _______.
20.It is dangerous to make the little boy ____ at home by himself.
21.It is dangerous to make the little boy ____ at home by himself.
22.阅读理解

    A little boy invited his mother to attend his school's first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy's dismay(沮丧), his mother said she would go. This would be the first time that his classmates and teachers met his mother and he was embarrassed by her appearance. There was a severe(严重的) scar (伤疤) that covered nearly the whole right side of her face. The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar.

    At the meeting, the people were impressed by the kindness of his mother with the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone. However, he could hear clearly the conversation between his mother and the teacher.

     “How did you get the scar on your face?” the teacher asked.

    The mother replied, “When my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught on fire. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control, but I went in. As I was running towards his bed, I saw a burning wood falling down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked to be unconscious(无知觉的), but luckily, a fireman came in and saved both of us.” She touched the burned side of her face. “This scar will be forever, but until today, I have never regretted doing what I did.”

    When the little boy heard this, he couldn't help running towards his mother with tears in his eyes. He hugged her and felt his mother was greater than anyone. He held her hand tightly for the rest of the day.

23.选出划线部分读音不同的一项
24.Simon wanted to study abroad, but his mother asked him to ______.
25.选出划线部分读音不同的一项
26.选出划线部分读音不同的一项
27.选出划线部分读音不同的一项

4.填空题(共3题)

28.
在“宏观、微观、符号”之间建立联系,是化学学科特有的思维方式。
下图是氨气(NH3)与氧气在点燃条件下,发生化学反应时部分微观示意图。

(1)表示2个氧分子的化学符号是 。氨气是由 种元素组成,将其溶于水形成的溶液是常用的化学肥料,该溶液属于 肥(填“氮”、“磷”或“钾”)。
(2)写出上图反应的化学方程式:    ,基本反应类型:
(3)该反应的微观过程Ⅰ是表示:氧分子和氨气分子分解为氮原子、氢原子和氧原子;过程Ⅱ是表示  
29.
水与人类的生活、生产密切相关。
(1)如图所示,电极上可观察到的现象是 。反应的化学方程式是    

(2)自来水生产过程中通入氯气的作用是     
(3)高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)是一种新型、高效的多功能水处理剂。
K2FeO4的摩尔质量是  。 1mol K2FeO4含有 个氧原子。高铁酸钾受热分解的化学方程式是:4K2FeO42R+4K2O+3O2↑,则R是 (填化学式)。
(4)对生活污水再利用是节水的重要手段。某生活污水含有碎菜叶、泥沙,可能含有氯化钠和碳酸钠可溶性物质。
Ⅰ.去掉水中的碎菜叶等较大的固体后,再对污水进行 操作可除去其中泥沙等小颗粒物质。
Ⅱ.为了检验经Ⅰ处理后的水样中是否存在氯化钠、碳酸钠,某同学设计实验流程如下:

检验气体的试剂是 。溶液A中含有的溶质是 。在水样中加入稀硝酸不能改成稀硫酸,理由是    
结论:该生活污水中含有 (写化学式)可溶性物质。
30.
如图是甲、乙、丙三种固体的溶解度曲线,试回答:

(1)t3℃时,甲、乙、丙三种物质溶解度的大小关系是
(2)t3℃时,若将50g的甲、乙两种物质分别加入到100g水中,
充分溶解后,所得的溶液在溶解度曲线图中可表示为 (“A”、“B”或“C”)点,若将甲溶液降温至t1℃,溶液的变化情况是
Ⅰ.溶液变为饱和  Ⅱ.溶解度增加
Ⅲ.溶质减少    Ⅳ.溶质的质量分数不变

5.实验题(共2题)

31.
工业生产的氢氧化钠常含有碳酸钠杂质。为测定某样品中氢氧化钠纯度,设计以下实验。(装置气密性良好,每一步骤反应完全,浓H2SO4具有吸水性)
(实验设计)

(实验过程)
(1)打开弹簧夹a,先对装置A、B、C(已连接)通入空气一会儿,以排尽装置含有的 ,再关闭弹簧夹a,接上装置D和E,打开弹簧夹c,把硫酸滴入样品中。
(2)反应结束后,待装置冷却后直接称量装置 (填字母序号)。根据该装置在反应前后的质量差得到CO2的质量,由此计算出该样品中碳酸钠的质量,最后得到样品中氢氧化钠纯度。
(数据分析)
最后计算得到样品中氢氧化钠纯度比实际数据偏大,反思整个实验过程,造成误差可能的原因     
32.
实验室用98%的浓硫酸配制稀硫酸,并进行相关的性质实验。(夹持仪器省略,装置气密性良好)
(1)配制100g19.6%的稀硫酸的步骤是Ⅰ._______;Ⅱ.量取;Ⅲ.溶解。读取水的体积时,视线应与量筒内液体______________保持水平。
(2)与金属反应实验:锌粒与稀硫酸反应制取氢气

仪器a的名称是_________,锌粒与稀硫酸反应的化学方程式是__________________。以上五个装置不可能收集到氢气的是_______(填写字母编号)。比较B、C装置,B装置的优点是____________________。能随时控制反应进行或停止,符合该条件的发生装置是_______。
(3)鉴别实验:现需鉴别三包失去标签的白色固体,它们可能是碳酸钙、氯化钡、硝酸钾,请按下表完成实验设计:
步骤一:
(物理方法)
取样于三支试管中分别加入
________试剂。
 
现象:_______________
先鉴别出碳酸钙固体
步骤二:
(化学方法)
再任取一支未鉴别出试剂的试管中滴入稀硫酸
 
现象:______________
 
_______________
 
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(14道)

    选择题:(12道)

    填空题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:10

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:4

    9星难题:4