2013-2014北京市房山区中考二模化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:297732

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/6/23

1.计算题(共1题)

1.
某碳酸钠样品中含有少量氯化钠。现称量11 g该样品放入烧杯中,然后加入一定量溶质的质量分数为14.6%的稀盐酸,至恰好完全反应,去除溶液中的水分,最终得到12.1g氯化钠固体。计算:
(1)碳酸钠样品中碳酸钠的质量______________
(2)反应后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数。(结果精确到0.1%)_____________

2.科学探究题(共1题)

2.
(8分)牙膏是生活必需品,某兴趣小组同学对某品牌市售牙膏展开如下探究,请回答
问题。

(已知资料)
①SiO2不溶于水、且不与酸反应 ②K12、甘油、香精等均易溶于水
(实验探究)
Ⅰ:取一小段牙膏,加入蒸馏水,充分搅拌后静置,测得上层清液的pH为8.3,则此牙膏显 性。
Ⅱ:兴趣小组同学设计了如下实验方案,并进行3次实验。通过测量SiO2质量,从而确定此牙膏中SiO2的质量分数。实验过程如下:
①准确称取2.0g牙膏膏体,加足量水充分溶解并过滤。
②将滤渣转移至烧杯中,加入过量稀盐酸,至看到 为止。
③______、洗涤、干燥并称量得到剩余固体质量。(如表)
实验编号
1
2
3
实验前(g)
2.00
2.00
2.00
实验后(g)
0.43
0.44
0.45
 
④根据实验数据进行计算,此牙膏中SiO2
的质量分数为 %。
⑤反思实验过程。
A.步骤①中加足量水的目的是
B.步骤②中发生反应的化学方程式为
C.多次测量实验数据的目的是
D.若验证步骤②中盐酸过量,可以选择的试剂是 (至少写出类别不同的两种物质)。

3.单选题(共16题)

3.
下列物质性质的表述中,属于化学性质的是
A.氧气无色无味B.铝呈银白色C.碳酸易分解D.蔗糖易溶于水
4.
下列物质的用途,主要不是由其化学性质决定的是  
A.酒精做燃料B.氮气用作保护气
C.氧气用于炼钢D.活性炭用于除去冰箱中的异味
5.
科学家在真空条件下,成功制得盐粒状的“氮5”(化学式为N5),在制取“氮5”的实验中,它曾发生了爆炸。因此科学家认为,如果能让这种物质保持稳定,它可以成为火箭和导弹的理想燃料。有关“氮5”的说法不正确的是
A.“氮5”是一种固体B.“氮5”是一种单质
C.“氮5”由5个氮原子构成D.“氮5”具有可燃性
6.
电解氯化钠的水溶液不可能得到的物质是
A. NaNO3   B. H2 C. Cl2 D. NaOH
7.
下图是工业上制备氢气的微观示意图,其中不同的“球”代表不同的原子。下列说法中,不正确的是
A.图中能表示氢分子的是
B.化学反应前后元素化合价都不变
C.该反应中共涉及四种分子和三种原子
D.化学反应前后原子种类和个数均不变
8.
下列物质中,属于纯净物的是
A.蒸馏水B.矿泉水C.铁强化酱油D.纯净的空气
9.
五氧化二碘(I2O5)中,碘元素(I)的化合价为
A.-5B.+5C.+3D.+2
10.
下图所示装置可用来测定空气中氧气的含量。对该实验认识正确的是
A.白磷的量不足不会影响实验结论
B.将白磷改为木炭也能得到正确的实验结论
C.试管内压强的减小会导致试管内液面降低
D.氮气不与白磷反应且难溶于水是设计该实验的依据之一
11.
下列物质中,不能区分氧气和二氧化碳的是
A.稀盐酸B.燃烧的木条C.澄清的石灰水D.紫色石蕊溶液
12.
下列图像能正确反映对应变化关系的是
A.过氧化氢溶液与二氧化锰制氧气
B.氢氧化钠溶液中滴加盐酸
C.加热一定量高锰酸钾固体
D.向一定质量的稀盐酸中加入镁粉至过量
13.
如图所示,在小烧杯中盛有饱和石灰水,大烧杯中盛有试剂X。将试剂Y加入到大烧杯中,观察到的小烧杯中的现象正确的是

序号
试剂X
试剂Y
小烧杯中的现象
A

硝酸铵
产生白色沉淀
B

浓硫酸
无明显变化
C
盐酸
碳酸钠
无明显变化
D
稀硫酸
镁条
产生白色沉淀
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
14.
配制100g溶质的质量分数为5%的NaCl溶液,其中操作不正确的是
15.
下列物质长期放置在敞口容器中,质量不变的是
A.氢氧化钠固体B.石灰水C.浓硫酸D.大理石
16.
下列实验方案设计合理的是
选项
实验名称
实验方案
A
检验某固体物质中是否含有碳酸盐
取少量样品于试管中,滴加足量的稀盐酸,看到有气泡产生,则该固体物质中含有碳酸盐
B
检验集气瓶中是否集满二氧化碳
将燃着的木条伸入集气瓶中燃着的木条熄灭集气瓶中已集满二氧化碳
C
除去二氧化碳中混有的一氧化碳
将混合气体通过足量的澄清石灰水,澄清石灰水变浑浊,则得到一氧化碳
D
鉴别碳酸钠和碳酸钙固体
分别取少量样品于试管中,依次滴加足量水,振荡试管,固体溶解的是碳酸钠,无明显变化的是碳酸钙。
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
17.
下列化学肥料中,属于钾肥的是
A.NH4ClB.Ca(H2PO4)2C.K2SO4D.CO(NH2)2
18.
某品牌矿泉水的标签上的内容如表所示。下列说法中,不正确的是
水质主要成分(mg/L)和酸碱度
偏硅酸:25-50 pH:6.5-8.5
锶:0.20-0.50 钾:3.0-4.8
钠:28-【小题1】钙:15-30
镁:8-18
 
A.该品牌矿泉水为混合物
B.该品牌的矿泉水一定呈酸性
C.“锶、钠、钙、镁、钾”属于金属元素
D.饮用该矿泉水可以为人体补充人体所需的无机盐

4.选择题(共16题)

19.物联网是一项新型信息化集成技术,可以在农业中得到应用(如下图所示)。农户通过电脑或智能手机与田间的传感器、操作台联网,实时监控农作物生长,调整水肥配比,从而做到科学施肥、灌溉。下列有关农业物联网的说法不正确的是(   )

20.完形填空

    My mother has a unique way of embarrassing her children. Whenever she gets1about something, she jumps up and down, screaming. We2this as the “silly dances”. As her daughter, I find this3embarrassing. Anytime she goes into the silly dance, I will4slowly away, smile awkwardly, and5to people, “No, she's not my mother.”

    Even though my mother brought me much6when I was little, and even though she7does the silly dance when something goes her way, I now8it. Because the silly dance shows just who she is, and it shows that she is happy.9she didn't do her dance and just obeyed our wishes for “not10, Mom”, she would compromise(妥协) who she is. I owe a lot of my 11for the theater to my mother. I now sing publicly like my mother does. And my friends are always doing that 12awkward smile and usually 13under their breath, “Carolyn, public.”

    So in many ways I'm becoming my mother. I'm not going to 14 singing just because people feel embarrassed at it. I have no 15that I will embarrass my own children with my performance of the “silly dance”. So what? That's who I am.

    It's my 16that everyone should dance to the beat of her own drum, even if the guy next to you gives you a(n)17look. I believe in the things that set us 18  I believe in being myself, no matter how many awkward smiles I 19. I believe in the idea that never 20 who I am.

21.下图所示为火灾逃生面具。从人机关系的角度来看,该产品实现的主要目标是(   )

22.任务型阅读

    How to Welcome Change in Your Life

    Do you embrace(欣然接受) the road you are now on or resist and avoid change at all costs when a recent event has shaken you greatly? Here are things you can do in the midst of uncertainty to choose differently to change the track of your life.

    Don't react.

    What do we do when we don't know what to do? First, stop, take a deep breath and don't do anything.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} It is having faith and trusting what you do know in the unknown.

    Reflect on the past.

    Another activity is to recall times in your life when you were faced with an unknown. Then, think about how you handled the situation.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Use your past experiences to bring you strength, and to remain you what you are capable of.

    Make conscious decisions.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} However, more possibilities open up when we are at peace. Go over your list of what ifs and make a more balanced list of the best and worst situations possible. Then talk to loved ones about what you would do in each situation and the choices you do have.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    We often see fears as our greatest enemy, yet they provide us with an enormous opportunity for self-growth. What if we were to see them as friends who want to help us become a better person? Let your fears help you instead of hurting you. Then, write down what comes to you.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. Don't panic.

B. Befriend your fears.

C. You may be surprised by the answers.

D. When we are fearful, our options seem limited.

E. Then try to feel at ease with the state of “not knowing”.

F. Learning from past failures helps you make better decisions.

G. Remembering these incidents will remind you that you've gone through difficult situations.

23.小蔡设计了一款清除“牛皮癣”广告的工具,该工具是把小铲刀、海绵擦块和橡皮刮子这三个部分固定在可以伸缩的杆子上,结构如图所示。使用时,先用吸水后的海绵把墙上的广告纸浸湿,然后用小铲刀铲掉,最后用反面的橡皮刮子把残留的纸屑刮净。
24.小蔡设计了一款清除“牛皮癣”广告的工具,该工具是把小铲刀、海绵擦块和橡皮刮子这三个部分固定在可以伸缩的杆子上,结构如图所示。使用时,先用吸水后的海绵把墙上的广告纸浸湿,然后用小铲刀铲掉,最后用反面的橡皮刮子把残留的纸屑刮净。
25.某户外游泳池通过水位控制系统将游泳池的水保持在设定水位。下列不属于该控制系统干扰因素的是(   )
26.某户外游泳池通过水位控制系统将游泳池的水保持在设定水位。下列不属于该控制系统干扰因素的是(   )
27.假如你是一名大学生,名叫李华。你所在的班级最近就“大学生是否应经济独立”的话题展开讨论,同学们发表了不同的看法。请你根据以下所给内容,写一封信给某英语报社,反映讨论情况。

60%的同学的看法

1).靠自己打工来支付学费会影响学业;

2).现在把精力都用在学习上,将来报答父母的养育之恩;

25%的同学的看法

1).通过打工可以获得工作经验,了解社会;

2).体会父母挣钱不易,从而戒掉乱花钱的坏习惯;

15%的同学的看法

(包括你在内)

觉得双方的观点都有一定的道理,但又不完全赞同;

我个人的看法是……

注意:1).文章的起始句已经给出;

2).词数100左右(不包括起始句);

参考词汇: 报答: repay      学费: tuition     经济独立: financially independent

Dear Editor,

    I'm writing to tell you about a recent discussion our class have had on whether or not university students should be financially independent.


Yours,

Li Hua

28.阅读理解

    A little old couple walked slowly into McDonald's one cold winter evening. They were so old that they looked out of place among the young families and young couples eating there that night.

    Some of the customers looked admiringly at them. You could tell what the admirers were thinking. “Look, there is a couple who has been through a lot together, probably for 60 years or more!”

    The little old man walked right up to the cash register (收银台), placed his order with no hesitation and then paid for their meal. The couple took a table near the back wall and started taking food off the tray (托盘). There was one hamburger, one order of French fries and one drink. The little old man unwrapped the plain hamburger and carefully cut it in half. He placed one half in front of his wife. Then he carefully counted out the French fries, divided them in two piles and neatly placed one pile in front of his wife. He took a sip of the drink, his wife took a sip and then set the cup down between them.

    As the man began to eat his few bites of hamburger the crowd began to get restless. Again you could tell what they were thinking, “That poor old couple. All they can afford is one meal for the two of them.”

    As the man began to eat his French fries one young man stood and came over to the old couple's table. He politely offered to buy another meal for the old couple to eat. The old man replied that they were just fine. They were used to sharing everything.

    Then the crowd noticed that the little old lady hadn't eaten a bite. She just sat there watching her husband eat and occasionally taking turns sipping the drink.

    Again the young man came over and begged them to let him buy them something to eat. This time the lady explained that, no, they were used to sharing everything together.

    As the little old man finished eating and was wiping his face neatly with a napkin the young man could stand it no longer. Again he came over to their table and offered to buy some food.

    After being politely refused again, he finally asked a question of the little old lady. “Ma'am, why aren't you eating? You said that you share everything. What is it that you are waiting for?”

    She answered, “The teeth”.

29.完形填空

    As I held my father's hands one night, I couldn't help but notice their calluses (老茧) and roughness. His hands tell the story of his life as a1, including all his struggles.

    One summer, I remember, a drought (旱灾) hit Ontario, turning it into a 2desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet com with my dad to fill the last3from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which4took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn't 5quickly. After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field, we6 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated (挫败的) and7. Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves”. Dad8. “Just think, my little girl, only ten dozen left for each of us and then we're9.” Such is Dad----whatever problem he 10 he never gives up.

    11  the bad effects of the drought were felt all over our county. It was a challenging time for everyone,12Dad remained optimistic (乐观的). He 13to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates. Only then did I truly begin to 14Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.

    Dad is also a living example of real 15  From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to 16our family. He always puts our happiness 17his own and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 18his tiredness after long days. His loving and selfless nature has encouraged me to become more sympathetic (有同情心的) and19, putting others first.

    Dad, the life 20I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero.

30.某学生社团开展节能减排宣传活动需要设计制作展板架。设计要求:①展板架高度合适,方便学生观看;②携带方便,有利于在各学校校园流动展出;③结构稳固。
31.小明想要在网上购买的一款苹果削皮器,在咨询网店的客服人员后,客服人员向他推荐了下图所示的苹果削皮器,并称其刀头处的弹性设计使它适用于不同大小的苹果。客服人员主要对该产品的哪方面进行了评价(   )

 
32.单词拼写(根据所给首字母提示或者汉语提示,用单词的正确形式填空)
33.下图所示为氨气的工业生产流程图,下列说法不正确的是(   )

34.下图所示为一款儿童学习筷说明书。下列说法不正确的是(   )

品名

儿童学习筷

尺寸

长18cm×宽3cm

材质

ABS,硅胶

耐温

不超过80度

年龄

2~6岁

使用

右手

5.填空题(共4题)

35.
(5分)物质的结构、性质和用途是化学研究的重要内容。
(1)洗涤剂能去除餐具上的油污,是因为它具有 功能。
(2)氯气(Cl2)常用作自来水消毒剂,其实验室制法为:MnO2+4HCl(浓)△ X+Cl2↑+2H2O,X的化学式为
(3)氧气和臭氧(O3)的化学性质有差异,是因为 (从微粒角度解释)。
(4)生石灰常用作食品干燥剂,其原因是 (用化学方程式表示)。
(5)石灰浆(主要成分为氢氧化钙)抹墙,干燥后墙面变硬的原因是______ (用化学
方程式表示)。
36.
(7分)人类的生产、生活离不开金属。
(1)地壳中含量最高的金属元素是
(2)用铜制电线主要是利用铜具有良好的延展性和 性。
(3)将生锈的铁片放入足量稀硫酸中,发生置换反应的化学方程式为
(4)在硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁的混合溶液中加入一定量的锌粉,充分反应后过滤,向滤渣中滴加稀硫酸,无气泡产生。则滤渣中的金属是 ,滤液中溶质的组成是 (写出所有可能)。
(5)将质量相等的锌粉和铁粉,分别放入两个烧杯中,再分别倒入质量相等、溶质的质
量分数相同的稀盐酸,充分反应,生成氢气的质量(m)随反应时间(t)变化的曲
线如图所示。下列说法正确的是 (填字母序号)。

A.消耗两种金属的质量相等
B.两烧杯中金属都没有剩余
C.两烧杯中稀盐酸都没有剩余
D.曲线a表示锌和稀盐酸的反应
 
37.
(6分)水和溶液在生命活动和生产、生活中起着十分重要的作用。
(1)自来水厂对天然水进行净化的过程中,通常不采用 (填字母序号)。
A.过滤
B.吸附
C.电解
D.消毒
 
(2)水常用来配制各种溶液,硝酸钾溶液中的溶质为
(3)某同学进行以下实验:在甲乙烧杯中分别放入40g硝酸钾固体,
再分别加入100g冷水和热水,充分搅拌后(保持各自的温度不变),
结果如图所示。

①甲烧杯中溶液是 (填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液。
②将乙烧杯中的溶液降温到t1℃时,溶液恰好达到饱和状态,则t1℃时,硝酸钾
的溶解度是 g。
(4)已知:甲物质在20℃和40℃时的溶解度分别为30g和50g。下列有关甲物质的实验中说法正确的是 (填字母序号)。

a.只有A是不饱和溶液   b.B和E中溶质的质量分数相等
c.D中溶质的质量分数最大 d.将E再升温至 40℃时,会析出20g固体
38.
(5分)化学与人类生活密不可分。
(1)人们通过食物获取各种营养。
①水果和蔬菜富含的营养素主要有水和
②为了防止骨质疏松,人体每天必须摄入足够量的 元素。
(2)下列厨房用品所使用的主要材料,属于有机合成材料的是 (填字母序号)。

(3)人类以化石燃料为主要能源。
①天然气燃烧的化学方程式为
②下列做法有利于减少空气污染的是 (填字母序号)。
A.充分利用太阳能
B.大力发展火力发电
C.合理使用化石燃料
D.为方便出行,大量使用私家车
 

6.实验题(共3题)

39.
(5分)某研究小组为了验证二氧化碳的部分性质,进行如下实验。

(1)图一中看到的现象是 ,说明二氧化碳具有的性质是_______。
(2)小刚同学利用图二装置验证二氧化碳与氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙反应。
资料:通常状况下,1体积的水约能溶解1体积二氧化碳。
①甲中发生反应的化学方程式为
②小刚同学设计的实验方案是
40.
(6分)根据下列实验示意图回答相关问题:

(1)甲实验中发生反应的化学方程式为   ,该反应属于基本反应类型中的   反应。
(2)乙实验中,热水的作用是 ;通过对比 ,可证明可燃物燃烧需要与氧气接触。(3)丙实验中玻璃管内发生反应的化学方程式是 ,该装置的不足之处是______。
41.
有A~E五种稀溶液,分别是稀盐酸、氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钙溶液、酚酞溶液、碳酸钠溶液、氯化钠溶液中的一种,请根据以下实验现象回答问题。
已知:碳酸钠溶液呈碱性。 
(1)将适量A分别滴入盛有少量B、C、D、E的试管中,实验记录如下:
 
B
C
D
E
A
无明显变化
液体变红色
无明显变化
白色沉淀
 
C中溶液是______,E中发生反应的化学方程式为______。
(2)再将适量B分别滴加到上述实验后盛有C、D、E的试管中,C中液体由红色变为无
色,D中无明显变化,E中沉淀消失。
①B中溶液是______,C中发生反应的化学方程式是______。
②盛有E的试管中最终所得溶液中一定含有的溶质是______。
(3)对还没有确定的液体,下列鉴别方法中,正确的是______(填字母序号)。
A.分别滴加适量水B.分别蒸发溶剂    
C.分别滴加无色酚酞溶液D.分别通入CO2后,再滴加稀盐酸
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(1道)

    科学探究题:(1道)

    单选题:(16道)

    选择题:(16道)

    填空题:(4道)

    实验题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:4

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:13

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:2