2014年初中毕业升学考试化学试卷(江苏省苏州市)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:297715

试卷类型:中考真题
试卷考试时间:2014/7/2

1.流程题(共1题)

1.
某化工厂用石灰石和废铜屑等设计生产石青、波尔多液的工艺流程如下:

(1)X的化学式为  
(2)反应②中空气的作用是
(3)石青的化学式为2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2,写出反应③的化学方程式
 
(4)若反应④中硫酸铜、生石灰和水的化学计量数之比为1:1:1,则其化学方程式为

2.计算题(共1题)

2.
现有两种稀溶液:标记为A的0.040 0%的氢氧化钠溶液;标记为B的0.365%的盐酸。假设本题所涉及的各种稀溶液的密度均近似为1.00 g·mL1,且每滴溶液的体积近似为0.05 mL,试解答下列各小题。
(1)恰好完全中和20.0 g A溶液,需加入B溶液多少克?
(2)在盛有20.0 mL A溶液的锥形瓶中滴加2滴酚酞溶液,再向瓶中缓缓倒入10.0 mL B溶液,边倒边振荡,充分混合后溶液呈无色。若取该无色混合液3.00 mL于一支试管内,再向试管内滴加1滴A溶液,试通过计算说明此时试管内溶液呈现的颜色。

3.单选题(共22题)

3.
下列实验方案可行的是
A.用闻气味的方法区别氧气和氮气
B.通过观察颜色区别粉末状的二氧化锰和氧化铜
C.用高锰酸钾溶液检测二氧化碳中是否含有二氧化硫气体
D.向鸡蛋清溶液中滴加少量稀盐酸并微热以检验蛋白质的存在
4.
下列说法正确的是
A. 空气中氮气的体积分数为21%
B. 人体中含量最多的元素是氢元素
C. 海洋中含量最多的非金属元素是氧元素
D. 地壳中含量最多的金属元素是硅元素
5.
下列物质的化学式书写正确的是
A. 氧化铁:FeO B. 甲烷:CH4     C. 氯化铵:NH3Cl D. 硝酸:NO3
6.
下列符号表示两个氢原子的是(   )
A.HB.2HC.H2D.2H2
7.
大蒜中含有的一种有效成分“硫化丙烯”(C3H6S)具有一定的杀菌食疗作用。下列有关硫化丙烯的说法正确的是
A.硫化丙烯的相对分子质量为74
B.硫化丙烯中硫元素的质量分数最大
C.硫化丙烯分子中碳、氢、硫元素质量比为3:6:1
D.硫化丙烯由3个碳原子、6个氢原子和1个硫原子构成
8.
亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)能消除加速人体衰老的活性氧,亚硒酸钠中硒元素(Se)的化合价为
A.+2B.+3C.+4D.+5
9.
下列有关物质燃烧现象的叙述中,正确的是
A.铁丝在氧气中燃烧:火星四射,生成红色固体
B.硫粉在空气中燃烧:产生淡蓝色火焰,生成一种刺激性气味的气体
C.镁条在空气中燃烧:发出耀眼的白光,只生成一种黑色同体
D.红磷在空气中燃烧:发出白光,生成大量的白色烟雾
10.
下列有关实验操作正确的是
A.稀释浓硫酸时,将水沿内壁注入盛有浓硫酸的烧杯中
B.排水法收集二氧化碳时,看到水槽内导管口有气泡冒出立即收集
C.实验室制氧气时,先用分液漏斗将双氧水加入锥形瓶巾,后检查装置气密性
D.氢氧化钠和稀盐酸两种无色溶液混合前后,插入温度计观察温度变化
11.
下列有关“配制50g溶质质量分数为6%的氯化钠溶液”的操作错误的是
A.使用托盘天平前,要先取下支撑托盘的垫圈,再调节天平平衡
B.称取氯化钠前,要在天平两端的托盘上分别放质量相同的纸片
C.移动游码使其右侧对齐3g的刻度线,然后将氯化钠加到天平的右盘上
D.取用规格为50mL的量筒量取17mL水,快到所需刻度时改用胶头滴管定容
12.
如果配制6%的氯化钠溶液的溶质质量分数偏小,其原因是
A.称取的氯化钠固体质量偏大
B.转移称量好的氯化钠固体时,有少量洒落在桌面上
C.量取水的体积偏小
D.转移配制好的溶液时,有少量液体溅出
13.
下列关于溶质质量分数为98%的浓硫酸性质说法错误的是()
A.浓硫酸的密度大于水的密度
B.浓硫酸与水混合时溶液温度迅速升高
C.浓硫酸具有很强的吸水性而被装入干燥器中使用
D.浓硫酸腐蚀衣物和皮肤是物理变化
14.
下列有关物质混合后的现象描述中,正确的是
A.在无色碘化钾溶液中滴加淀粉溶液,溶液变蓝
B.无色的氯化氢气体和氨气混合,产生白雾
C.在氢氧化钠稀溶液中滴加数滴硫酸铜溶液,产生蓝色絮状沉淀
D.铵盐与碱溶液混合加热,产生的气体使湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸变红
15.
下列生活中的常见物质能使无色酚酞试液变红的是
A.食醋B.柠檬汁C.食盐水D.肥皂水
16.
下列有关纯碱的说法正确的是
A.纯碱难溶于水
B.纯碱是碱而不是盐
C.纯碱既可从内陆盐湖提取,又可用“侯氏联合制碱法”生产
D.纯碱中含有少量的小苏打可以用稀盐酸除去
17.
下列有关同体反应所用的主要实验仪器合理的是
项目
实验名称
主要仪器
A
灼娆石灰石检验生石灰的生成
药匙、酒精喷灯
B
加热氯酸钾与二氧化锰的混合物制取氧气
烧杯、酒精灯
C
分别灼烧葡萄糖、砂糖、面粉检验其含有碳元素
锥形瓶、酒精灯
D
研磨硫酸铵与熟石灰的混合物检验铵盐
研钵、研杵
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
18.
下列食物巾能提供丰富蛋白质的是
A.大米B.鸡蛋C.苹果D.菠菜
19.
下列有关油脂的叙述正确的是
A.各种油脂都是由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成的
B.葡萄糖不能转化为人体内的脂肪
C.汽油、煤油、菜籽油、花牛油都属于油脂
D.洗发剂洗去头发上的油脂不属于乳化现象
20.
下列有关材料的说法错误的是
A.不锈钢是金属材料B.保鲜膜属于塑料
C.棉花、蚕丝属于合成纤维D.玻璃钢是复合材料
21.
为探究物质的燃烧条件,某同学进行了如图所示的实验,下列有关说法正确的是
A.现象①③说明物质燃烧需要达到一定的温度
B.现象②③说明物质燃烧需要氧气
C.现象①②说明白磷的着火点比红磷的着火点低
D.现象②说明红磷不是可燃物
22.
有关粗盐提纯的实验操作合理的是
A.溶解前用玻璃棒研磨大颗粒粗盐
B.过滤时液体的液面要低于滤纸边缘
C.加热蒸发时要不断搅拌直至水分全部蒸干
D.实验结束随即用手将蒸发皿从三角架上取下
23.
下列离子能在水溶液中大量共存的一组是
A.Fe+、K+、NO3-、OH-B.H+、Na+、HCO3-、Cl-
C.Ba2+、NH4+、Cl-、SO42-,D.Na+、K+、NO3-、SO42-,
24.
下列有关玻璃导气管的使用图示正确的是(省略夹持和加热装置)

4.选择题(共19题)

25.—Is she really ill?

—______. She's in hospital.

26.—Do you know anything about Chopin?

—Just a little. Chopin began to write _____ music at _______age of six.

27.我将相当努力的学习英语。

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

28.阅读下面短文,然后回答问题。

    Wang Fei,a Chinese student,and Mary,an American student studying Chinese in China,were in a supermarket.They saw a young man walking down the stairs.In his hurry,he missed the last two steps and fell onto the ground.He tried to stand up while people around him laughed.Luckily,he seemed to be OK.

    Mary found Wang Fei smiling a little and was not happy about it. “Tell me, Fei, how could people laugh when someone fell like that? Why didn't they go up and ask him if he was hurt?”

    Wang Fei said, “Because they knew he wasn't hurt too much.”

    “But I still don't understand.A fall is a fall.In my culture, people would never laugh!”

    This is an example.The Chinese and the westerner will think and act differently when seeing such a thing.Chinese people are used to laughing or smiling.Very often the person who is in embarrassing(困窘的)situation would also laugh or smile to get out of it.However,if someone gets hurt seriously,it will not be a laughing matter any more.People will help him or her instead.

    But,in that case,a westerner will rush over and help the person get up.If a westerner falls,he or she,like a Chinese person,may try to make a joke if he or she is not hurt.If two close friends are walking together,and one falls but clearly isn't hurt,a common joke is to say “Have a nice trip”.

    So different people have different habits and different countries have different cultures

29.阅读下面短文,然后回答问题。

    Wang Fei,a Chinese student,and Mary,an American student studying Chinese in China,were in a supermarket.They saw a young man walking down the stairs.In his hurry,he missed the last two steps and fell onto the ground.He tried to stand up while people around him laughed.Luckily,he seemed to be OK.

    Mary found Wang Fei smiling a little and was not happy about it. “Tell me, Fei, how could people laugh when someone fell like that? Why didn't they go up and ask him if he was hurt?”

    Wang Fei said, “Because they knew he wasn't hurt too much.”

    “But I still don't understand.A fall is a fall.In my culture, people would never laugh!”

    This is an example.The Chinese and the westerner will think and act differently when seeing such a thing.Chinese people are used to laughing or smiling.Very often the person who is in embarrassing(困窘的)situation would also laugh or smile to get out of it.However,if someone gets hurt seriously,it will not be a laughing matter any more.People will help him or her instead.

    But,in that case,a westerner will rush over and help the person get up.If a westerner falls,he or she,like a Chinese person,may try to make a joke if he or she is not hurt.If two close friends are walking together,and one falls but clearly isn't hurt,a common joke is to say “Have a nice trip”.

    So different people have different habits and different countries have different cultures

30.我妹妹长大后打算做一名工程师。

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

31.Most families have {#blank#}1{#/blank#} /'praivət/ cars in big cities.
32.—_____the bus _____ just now?

—Yes, but it_______.

33.— Did Cathy have problems ________ out the problems?

—Yes. I found her _________ on it for nearly half an hour.

34.— Did Cathy have problems ________ out the problems?

—Yes. I found her _________ on it for nearly half an hour.

35.阅读理解

    Perhaps you've seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from elegant (优雅的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.

    Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.

    “WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me,” says Charlie Shifflet, a young man from the US. The old sign will become “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”.

    “I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,” he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me 'My hometown is Henan Province', I know he should say: 'My hometown is in Henan Province'. 'Hometown' is a smaller place in a province.” The common mistakes he picked up include “Not Entry”, which should be “No Entry”, “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “room rate”, not “room price”. And remember to “Keep off the grass”, rather than “Care of the green”.

36.阅读理解

    Perhaps you've seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from elegant (优雅的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.

    Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.

    “WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me,” says Charlie Shifflet, a young man from the US. The old sign will become “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”.

    “I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,” he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me 'My hometown is Henan Province', I know he should say: 'My hometown is in Henan Province'. 'Hometown' is a smaller place in a province.” The common mistakes he picked up include “Not Entry”, which should be “No Entry”, “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “room rate”, not “room price”. And remember to “Keep off the grass”, rather than “Care of the green”.

37.我们需要多少酸奶?

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

38.Ronaldo played for his {#blank#}1{#/blank#}/'næʃənəl/ team.
39.当你长大了想要干什么?

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

40.He has{#blank#}1{#/blank#}/in'kri:st/ his vocabulary by reading aloud.
41.—Where did you go?

— The science museum. I ______ that the TV _____ after the car.

42.— Haven't seen you for days. Where have you been?

—I went to Hong Kong and _______ an international meeting for a week.

43.用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写指定位置。

    It {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(get) dark. Paul looked out of the window and signed (叹气). Dad said he could come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldn't be much fun playing baseball in the dark. Paul walked into his room and{#blank#}2{#/blank#}(throw) his baseball into the corner. He tried to do some homework, but couldn't.

    Paul couldn't understand why Dad was so busy. He threw himself into the sofa and soon fell asleep. His book{#blank#}3{#/blank#}(open) to the first page.

    The next day at school, Paul didn't hand in his homework and failed a test. Mrs. Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school. “This isn't like you. What's wrong?”

    Paul just sat there quietly. “Paul, if you don't want to talk, I will. I know that something wrong     with you, but you have to get it out. You need to tell someone.”

    As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs. Green said. When Paul got home, he called his dad. But there was no answer. Then it went to voicemail (语音信箱). Paul began talking: “Dad, I can't play with you next weekend. I {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(get) lots of problems with my homework. Also, I really don't want to spend another day looking out of the window and waiting. Whenever you break our plans, Dad, it  {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(hurt) me. It's not too late to rebuild our relationship, but we have to start small. I call you to ask you to help me with my homework sometime. Dad, I love you.”

    As Paul ended the call, he felt much relaxed. He didn't know whether his dad{#blank#}6{#/blank#}(be) different, but it didn't matter. He himself changed. He expressed his feelings to the right person. He had a clear head as he did his homework that evening.

5.填空题(共2题)

44.
根据下列反应事实写出相应的化学方程式
(1)常温下,铝和氧气发生反应,在铝表面形成致密的氧化铝膜:_____________ 
(2)稀盐酸与氧化铁反应,生成水和氯化铁溶液:___________________________
(3)炼铁高炉内焦炭与二氧化碳反应生成一氧化碳:______________________
(4)铁粉浸入硫酸铜溶液中,置换出单质铜,生成硫酸亚铁溶液:__________________
(5)碳酸氢铵晶体受热后生成氨气、水和二氧化碳气体:________________________
45.
煤、石油、天然气等化石燃料是不可再生能源。植物在光照条件和叶绿素催化作用下发生的光合作用可产生比较丰富的可再生资源,其化学方程式为
氢气是理想的“绿色能源”,其燃烧热值高、产物无污染,
除了以燃烧释放热能这种转化方式外,它还能以图6所示的
原理装置将 能转化为 能,这种能量转
换效率高,该“氢氧燃料电池”中反应的化学方程式为   

6.实验题(共1题)

46.
室温时,进行如下实验:
①在盛有3mL蒸馏水的试管中滴入5滴紫色石蕊试液,充分振荡;
②在盛有3mL稀盐酸的试管中滴入5滴紫色石蕊试液,充分振荡;
③在盛有3mL蒸馏水的试管巾通入二氧化碳达到饱和,再滴入5滴紫色石蕊试液,充分振荡。
(1)将实验③所得溶液加热至沸腾一段时间后,溶液变为____________色,该反应的化学方程式为______________________________________________。
(2)实验②、③共有的现象是___________________________________,
说明____________________________________________________________________。
(3)实验①的作用是________________________________________________________。
(4)实验①、②和③中滴加紫色石蕊试液滴数相同的目的是__________________________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    流程题:(1道)

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(22道)

    选择题:(19道)

    填空题:(2道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:14

    9星难题:2