2014年初中毕业升学考试化学试卷(湖南省株洲市)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:297714

试卷类型:中考真题
试卷考试时间:2014/7/2

1.流程题(共1题)

1.
晶体硅在电子工业中有广泛的应用。工业上生产高纯硅的流程如下:

请回答下列问题:
(1)二氧化硅与焦炭反应的另一种产物是一氧化碳。该反应的化学方程式为
(2)蒸馏属于 变化(填“物理”或“化学”)。
(3)完成由下列纯SiHCl3制取高纯硅的化学方程式:

2.计算题(共2题)

2.
人体胃酸过多会引起胃病。右图为某抗酸药包装标签上的部分文字,请回答下列问题。

(1)Al(OH)3的相对分子质量为
(2)经测定,每片该抗酸药实含氢氧化铝234mg。
计算一片该抗酸药可消耗7.3%的盐酸多少克(请写出计算过程)?
3.
胆矾晶体部分失水后得到某硫酸铜晶体(CuSO4·xH2O),华雪同学为研究CuSO4·xH2O加热后所得物质的组成,做了以下实验:取10.7gCuSO4·xH2O晶体加热使其分解,绘制出固体的质量随温度的变化关系图。如图所示,到t1℃时该固体完全失去结晶水,化学方程式为:CuSO4·xH2O  CuSO4+ xH2O↑

(1)计算该硫酸铜晶体(CuSO4·xH2O)中x的值。(CuSO4·x H2O的相对分子质量为:160+18x)
(2)CuSO4中铜元素的质量分数是多少?
(3)升温到t2℃,残留固体是黑色物质,则m为多少g。(写出求m的过程)

3.简答题(共1题)

4.
请用所学的知识回答下列问题:
(1)为什么油库、面粉厂都要严禁烟火?
(2)某温度下,华雪同学用纯净的氯化钠固体配制好5%的氯化钠溶液后,用pH计(精确测定溶液pH的仪器)测得该氯化钠溶液的pH=6.5,于是得出氯化钠溶液呈酸性的结论。你认为华雪同学的结论是否正确?若不正确,还需要增加什么对比实验?

4.推断题(共1题)

5.
绝大多数金属都能与Cl2直接化合生成金属氯化物,如2Na+ Cl2=2NaCl、Cu+ Cl2 CuCl2等。已知A、B、C、D、E五种物质有如下图转化关系(个别反应条件已略去)。

已知A是地壳中含量仅次于铝的金属元素的单质,C为紫红色金属单质,A 、C都能与Cl2直接化合生成相应的金属氯化物B、E。回答下列问题:
(1)A为 、B为
(2)D与Cl2化合生成E的化学方程式为    
(3)A与E也可以化合生成D,请写出化学反应方程式    

5.单选题(共15题)

6.
我们学化学、用化学、爱化学。下列有关化学的说法中合理的是:①化学在保证人类生存与不断提高生活质量方面起着重要的作用 ②绿色化学使更多的化学工艺和产品向着环境友好的方向发展 ③门捷列夫发现了元素周期律之后,化学学习与研究变得有规律可循 ④化学不但研究原子、分子的性质,而且要深入研究电子、质子、中子的性质
A. ①②③     B. ②③④     C. ①②④     D. ①③④
7.
下列过程发生了化学变化的是
A.水的沸腾B.胆矾研碎C.过滤液体D.酸碱中和
8.
下列反应中属于置换反应的是
A. C+CO22CO B. 3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2
C. 2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑   D. Cu+4HNO3(浓)=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O
9.
已知:某密闭容器中,12g A加热完全分解产生B和C,其中B的质量为2g,同时C又能部分分解产生0.1g D和7.9g E,则最终该密闭容器中B和C的质量比为
A. 1∶1 B. 1∶2 C. 1∶4 D. 1∶5
10.
在光照或点燃条件下,氢气和氯气发生反应生成氯化氢,其反应的微观示意图如右。下列说法正确的是

A. 所有化学反应在反应前后分子个数都不发生变化
B. 此反应过程中只有物质变化,没有能量变化
C. 在任何条件下,H2和Cl2均不能大量共存
D. 由微观示意图可知:2gH2和71gCl2发生反应可生成73gHCl
11.
某物质W在空气中完全燃烧后的产物只有二氧化碳和水。根据以上信息,下列关于物质W组成的说法中正确的是
A. 含有C、H、O三种元素
B. 只含C、H元素
C. 含有C、H元素,可能含有O元素
D. 含有C元素,可能含有H、O元素
12.
人类每时每刻都离不开空气,通过治理,株洲市的空气质量近年来有所好转。下列有关空气的说法不正确的是
A. 空气是由多种单质和化合物组成的混合物
B. 空气中含量较多且化学性质活泼的是氮气
C. 呼吸、燃烧、炼钢、化工生产等都要用到氧气
D. 空气是一种宝贵的自然资源,要保护空气,防止污染空气
13.
下列有关的图示和图标中正确的是

A. 浓硫酸的稀释 B. 实验室制取CO2 C. 当心火灾 D. 禁止吸烟
14.
中国南车株洲时代集团生产的油电双动力公交车因省油、环保而在全国推广,双动力公交车制造需要大量使用金属材料。下列有关金属材料的说法正确的是
A. 金属材料中一定不含有非金属元素
B. 多数合金的抗腐蚀性能比组成它们的纯金属更好
C. 双动力公交车所有部件都是由金属材料制造的
D. 地球上的金属资源是取之不尽、用之不竭的
15.
溶液是自然界中常见的物质。下列有关溶液的说法正确的是
A. 溶液的上层浓度小,下层浓度大
B. 溶液蒸干后,均能得到固体溶质
C. 溶液中只有一种溶质时,溶液为纯净物
D. 物质在溶解得到溶液的过程中,通常有放热或吸热的现象出现
16.
下列说法正确的是
A.糖类、油脂、蛋白质都是由C、H、O三种元素组成的高分子化合物 
B.我们不需要从食物中摄取维生素,因为多数维生素能在人体内合成
C.由于缺碘会引起甲状腺肿大,所以我们要多食用加碘食盐
D.由于霉变食物中含有能损害人的肝脏、诱发肝癌等疾病的黄曲霉毒素,因此,我们绝对不能食用霉变食物
17.
下列物质不属于有机高分子材料的是
A. 普通玻璃 B. 合成纤维 C. 天然橡胶 D. 塑料薄膜
18.
下列处理方法不正确的是
A. 炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,可用锅盖盖灭
B. 扑灭森林火灾的有效方法之一是将大火蔓延路线前的一片树木砍掉,形成隔离带
C. 不慎碰倒酒精灯,酒精在桌面上燃烧起来,应立即用水浇灭
D. 遇到火灾时,可用湿毛巾捂住口鼻,蹲下靠近地面或沿墙壁跑离着火区域
19.
南靖县实验中学开办的课外化学兴趣小组曾经介绍过联合制碱法(也就是“侯氏制碱法”),下列有关联合制碱法的原料(氯化钠、二氧化碳、氨气、水)与产品(碳酸钠、氯化铵)的说法不正确的是
A.碳酸钠广泛应用于玻璃、造纸、纺织和洗涤剂的生产
B.氯化钠在自然界中分布很广.海洋、盐湖、盐井、盐矿等都是氯化钠的来源
C.侯氏制碱法消耗了二氧化碳.极大地缓解酸雨的形成
D.氯化铵与熟石灰粉末混合研磨,放出具有刺激性气味的氨气
20.
今年中国环境日(6月5日)的主题是“向污染宣战”。下列措施会引起环境污染的是
A.合理推广使用新能源B.大量燃烧含硫燃料
C.控制家用汽车的使用D.分类回收处理垃圾

6.选择题(共17题)

21.这部电影展示了她对家庭、朋友和国家的热爱。

The movie {#blank#}1{#/blank#} her love {#blank#}2{#/blank#} her family, friends and country.

22.阅读理解

    A group of swans flew down to a beach where a crow(乌鸦) was jumping around. The crow watched them with disdain(鄙视).

    “You have no flying skills at all!” he said to the swans.

    “All you can do is to move your wings. Can you turn over in the air? No, that's beyond you. Let's have a flying competition. I'll show you what real flying is!”

    One of the swans, a strong young male, took up the challenge. The crow flew up and began to show his skills. He flew in circles, performed other flying tricks, and then came down and looked proudly at the swan.

    Now it was the swan's turn. He flew up, and began flying over the sea. The crow flew after him, making all kinds of comments (评价) about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn't see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was now so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water.

    The swan pretended(假装) not to notice, and said, “Why do you keep touching the water, brother? Is that another trick?”

    “No,” said the crow. He knew he had lost the competition.

    “I'm in trouble because of my pride! If you don't help me, I'll lose my life…”

    The swan took pity on him, and took him on his shoulders and flew back to the beach.

23.我每天帮我弟弟穿衣服。

I help my brother {#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} every day.

24.我每天帮我弟弟穿衣服。

I help my brother {#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} every day.

25.我每天帮我弟弟穿衣服。

I help my brother {#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} every day.

26.Mom takes me to see my grandparents {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (每个) weekend.
27.阅读理解

    My name is Jim and I live in Canada. My mother is from Korea and my father is from France, so we speak three languages(语言) at home. I think languages are very interesting and I want to learn Portuguese and Chinese. But my favorite subject isn't language. It's math. I really like history, too.

    I like sports, especially(尤其) soccer and basketball, because they're relaxing. But I don't have much time to play. I go to the music club after school on Mondays. I have guitar lessons on Wednesdays, and I go to the library(图书馆) on Fridays. Saturdays and Sundays are great, because I can play sports, play computer games and watch TV.

28.上体育课时他摔倒了。

He{#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} while having a P.E. class.

29.上体育课时他摔倒了。

He{#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} while having a P.E. class.

30.完形填空

    I started to learn English when I was six. My dad gave me1advice on listening to the Beatles. I listened to them every day for the next seven years. At the beginning, I could understand2of what they sang. But soon I started to understand some of the3.

    4 I got a book with the words of all the songs. And when I had time, I would read it. I learned many songs5this book. I6the songs to myself. Still, I understood very7of the meaning. To learn English well became my8, and I wanted to learn the9of the Beatles' songs. That is how I started to learn English.

    Today, I can understand the Beatles very10. Each time I hear a Beatles' song, I am happy and proud because my dream of learning English well has come true.

31.完形填空

    Look! Here is a photo of my1. The tall man is my father. He2in a radio station. He likes his job. Every morning he gets up early, because he doesn't want to be3for work. The radio station is far from our4, so my father always drives to work. It usually5him about forty minutes. The woman6white is my mother. She is a teacher. She7music in my school. She usually goes to school8. She likes walking and she says it's good9Can you see the girl in black? It's10My name is Lisa. I walk to school with my mother every day.

32.语法填空

    Do you know the song My future isn't a dream?I love the song{#blank#}1{#/blank#}it brings me confidence(信心)。 I think that all of our dreams can come true if we work hard{#blank#}2{#/blank#}them.

    When I was young, my father always{#blank#}3{#/blank#}me what I would be in the future. Sometimes I found it very hard to give {#blank#}4{#/blank#}right answer. “I want to be a doctor.” “I hope to be a{#blank#}5{#/blank#}(science)”. Some of these answers sound like{#blank#}6{#/blank#}(joke), but I never think they are {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(meaning).

    I know clearly that those high buildings have solid foundations(坚实的地基). As a student, I should have a clear goal to work hard from now.

    Now my goal is to go to the{#blank#}8{#/blank#}(good) university in China after high school. I know it's hard, and I'll{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(meet) many problems. But no matter how difficult it is, I'll keep on{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(work) on it and never give up.

33.语法填空

    Do you know the song My future isn't a dream?I love the song{#blank#}1{#/blank#}it brings me confidence(信心)。 I think that all of our dreams can come true if we work hard{#blank#}2{#/blank#}them.

    When I was young, my father always{#blank#}3{#/blank#}me what I would be in the future. Sometimes I found it very hard to give {#blank#}4{#/blank#}right answer. “I want to be a doctor.” “I hope to be a{#blank#}5{#/blank#}(science)”. Some of these answers sound like{#blank#}6{#/blank#}(joke), but I never think they are {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(meaning).

    I know clearly that those high buildings have solid foundations(坚实的地基). As a student, I should have a clear goal to work hard from now.

    Now my goal is to go to the{#blank#}8{#/blank#}(good) university in China after high school. I know it's hard, and I'll{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(meet) many problems. But no matter how difficult it is, I'll keep on{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(work) on it and never give up.

34.语法填空

    Do you know the song My future isn't a dream?I love the song{#blank#}1{#/blank#}it brings me confidence(信心)。 I think that all of our dreams can come true if we work hard{#blank#}2{#/blank#}them.

    When I was young, my father always{#blank#}3{#/blank#}me what I would be in the future. Sometimes I found it very hard to give {#blank#}4{#/blank#}right answer. “I want to be a doctor.” “I hope to be a{#blank#}5{#/blank#}(science)”. Some of these answers sound like{#blank#}6{#/blank#}(joke), but I never think they are {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(meaning).

    I know clearly that those high buildings have solid foundations(坚实的地基). As a student, I should have a clear goal to work hard from now.

    Now my goal is to go to the{#blank#}8{#/blank#}(good) university in China after high school. I know it's hard, and I'll{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(meet) many problems. But no matter how difficult it is, I'll keep on{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(work) on it and never give up.

35.汤姆坐在玛丽和比尔中间。

Tom sits {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Mary {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Bill.

36.这篇文章和自我提高有关。

The article{#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} {#blank#}3{#/blank#} {#blank#}4{#/blank#} self-improvement.

37.阅读理解

    No Car Day was first started by 34 cities in France on September 22, 1998. It was started to protect the environment. By now, more than 1,000 cities around the world have had a No Car Day. The first No Car Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001. Other cities, including Taipai, Shanghai and Wuhan, also support the day.

    In Beijing, more and more people are joining the campaign. It asks drivers to leave their cars at home for one day each month and walk or ride a bike to work. It also calls on Beijingers not to use cars on June 5(World Environment Day). The slogan for the day is, “If we drive for one less day, we can have one more nice day.”

    So far, more than 200,000 drivers have shown their support. “We can't control the weather, but we can choose not to drive,” said Wu Zonghua, a car club chairman. Beijing is trying to have 238 blue sky days this year. In the first quarter of 2012, Beijing only had 52 blue sky days. This was 11 days less than the number for the same period the year before. Much of the dust comes from the desert, but cars cause most of the air pollution. We must do more for No Car Day.

7.填空题(共4题)

38.
下图中A、B、C、D是四种粒子的结构示意图,请回答下列问题:

(1)以上四种结构示意图所表示的粒子中,属于非金属元素的是_____(填字母代号)。
(2)以上四种结构示意图所表示的粒子中,易失去电子的是_________(填字母代号)。
(3)C中x =__________。
39.
请用化学用语填空:
(1)2个镁离子    ;(2)生理盐水中的溶剂分子
(3)硝酸铵的化学式 ;(4)钻石的主要成分   
40.
混盐一般是由一种阳离子与两种酸根离子组成的盐,如:Ca(NO3)Cl。漂白粉中有一种混盐CaOCl2(其中钙元素的化合价为+2,氧元素的化合价为-2)。
(1)已知CaOCl2中的一种酸根离子是次氯酸根离子(ClO),则另一种酸根离子对应的酸的化学式为   。若将该混盐改写成如Ca(NO3)Cl的形式,其化学式可表示为   
(2)在Ca(NO3)Cl中氮元素的化合价为
41.
如图所示为①硝酸钾、 ②氯化钠、③硼酸
(H3BO3)的溶解度曲线图。由图可知:

(1)当温度为25℃时,硝酸钾、氯化钠和硼酸三种物质
的溶解度大小关系为    (请用序号作答)。
(2)图中P点表示硝酸钾的
(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液。
(3)从图中可得到的有关硼酸溶解度的信息有:硼酸的溶
解度随着温度的升高逐渐增大、 (任写一条)等。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    流程题:(1道)

    计算题:(2道)

    简答题:(1道)

    推断题:(1道)

    单选题:(15道)

    选择题:(17道)

    填空题:(4道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:4

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:14

    9星难题:0