2014届福建省莆田市荔城区中考模拟(二)化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:297695

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/7/21

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
A、B、C分别是Zn、Cu、Ag三种金属中的一种。为了从它们的混合物中分离
出金属A,并获得B和C的盐,进行如下实验操作:
请回答以下问题:

写出步骤①中发生反应的化学方程式___________________________.
A、B、C三种金属的活动性顺序是____>____>______.
操作b都需要用到玻璃棒的作用是______________________.
金属A是____(填化学式,下同),B的硝酸盐是_________。
把13克的锌投入到98克稀硫酸中恰好完全反应,求生成的氢气的质量是多少_______?

2.单选题(共7题)

2.
下列物质的用途主要利用其化学性质的是(  )
A.金刚石制作刀具B.水作溶剂C.用16%的食盐水选种D.氧气供给呼吸
3.
工业上常用乙炔燃烧产生的高温火焰来切割金属。若用R表示乙炔,其燃烧的化学方程式,则乙炔的化学式是( )
A.C2H4 B. C2H2 C. CH3COOH D. C2H6
4.
自然界中有几千万种含碳物质,并循环转化。下列说法正确的是
A. 人的生命活动离不开碳循环     B. 森林的减少对碳的循环没有影响
C. 金刚石中碳原子间没有间隔     D. 地下的煤中碳原子是静止不动的
5.
金属材料在人类活动中已得到越来越广泛的应用.下列性质属于金属共性的是()
A.硬度很大、熔点很高B.有良好的导电性、传热性
C.是银白色的固体D.易与酸反应产生氢气
6.
下图是KNO3和NaCl 的溶解度曲线。下列说法中正确的是(    )
A.NaCl 的溶解度不受温度的影响
B.t1℃时 ,100 g KNO3饱和溶液中含有20 g KNO3
C.t2℃时,KNO3的饱和溶液和NaCl的饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数不一定相等
D.温度高于t2℃时,任一温度下 KNO3的溶解度都大于NaCl的溶解度
7.
下列鉴别物质的方法中,切实可行的是 ( )
A.用酚酞溶液鉴别NaCl溶液和盐酸
B.用燃着的木条鉴别CO2和N2
C.用石蕊溶液鉴别稀盐酸和稀硫酸
D.用pH试纸鉴别NaOH和CaCl2溶液
8.
下列灭火措施不正确的是(   )
A.油锅着火——用锅盖盖灭B.图书馆着火——用二氧化碳灭火器扑灭
C.房屋着火——用高压水枪扑灭D.电视机着火——用水扑灭

3.选择题(共5题)

9.阅读理解

    Denali National Park, Alaska

    History

    Within Denali National Park, the Toklat River will always have a special significance, as it was the location where naturalist Charles Sheldon built a cabin and was so moved that he fought to preserve the land. He moved back east and spent nine years lobbying (游说)to create Alaska's first national park.

    When to Visit

    To avoid the crowds, visit in June, but keep in mind that there are up to 21 hours of sunlight in Alaska in summer. If it seems like a bit much for your taste, try visiting in late August or September.

    If you visit to climb Mount McKinley, May and early June are the best times to climb.

    Major Attractions

    It is difficult not to see Denali's largest attraction towering 20,320 feet high. Mount McKinley can even be seen up to 70 miles away on a clear day. If you brave the climb to the top, you will be rewarded with charming views of the Alaska Range.

    Sable Pass is a prime spot to view grizzly bears. Closed to off-road foot traffic, the area is popular for bears feeding on berries, roots, and even occasionally on other mammals.

    Beginning at just below the summit of Mount McKinley, Muldrow Glacier flows 35 miles through a gorge and across the tundra. Twice in the last hundred years, the Muldrow has surged (涌动), most recently in the winter of 1956-1957.

Accommodation

    Five campgrounds are located within the park, and many are open from late spring to early fall.Note: reservations are strongly recommended during summer. Riley Creek campground is open all year round, and all but two (Sanctuary and Wonder Lake) offer RV (可供居住的大篷车)sites.

    Also within the park are a few lodges (旅馆)—North Face Lodge, Denali Backcountry Lodge and Kentishna Roadhouse.

10.阅读理解

    Denali National Park, Alaska

    History

    Within Denali National Park, the Toklat River will always have a special significance, as it was the location where naturalist Charles Sheldon built a cabin and was so moved that he fought to preserve the land. He moved back east and spent nine years lobbying (游说)to create Alaska's first national park.

    When to Visit

    To avoid the crowds, visit in June, but keep in mind that there are up to 21 hours of sunlight in Alaska in summer. If it seems like a bit much for your taste, try visiting in late August or September.

    If you visit to climb Mount McKinley, May and early June are the best times to climb.

    Major Attractions

    It is difficult not to see Denali's largest attraction towering 20,320 feet high. Mount McKinley can even be seen up to 70 miles away on a clear day. If you brave the climb to the top, you will be rewarded with charming views of the Alaska Range.

    Sable Pass is a prime spot to view grizzly bears. Closed to off-road foot traffic, the area is popular for bears feeding on berries, roots, and even occasionally on other mammals.

    Beginning at just below the summit of Mount McKinley, Muldrow Glacier flows 35 miles through a gorge and across the tundra. Twice in the last hundred years, the Muldrow has surged (涌动), most recently in the winter of 1956-1957.

Accommodation

    Five campgrounds are located within the park, and many are open from late spring to early fall.Note: reservations are strongly recommended during summer. Riley Creek campground is open all year round, and all but two (Sanctuary and Wonder Lake) offer RV (可供居住的大篷车)sites.

    Also within the park are a few lodges (旅馆)—North Face Lodge, Denali Backcountry Lodge and Kentishna Roadhouse.

11.阅读理解

    Denali National Park, Alaska

    History

    Within Denali National Park, the Toklat River will always have a special significance, as it was the location where naturalist Charles Sheldon built a cabin and was so moved that he fought to preserve the land. He moved back east and spent nine years lobbying (游说)to create Alaska's first national park.

    When to Visit

    To avoid the crowds, visit in June, but keep in mind that there are up to 21 hours of sunlight in Alaska in summer. If it seems like a bit much for your taste, try visiting in late August or September.

    If you visit to climb Mount McKinley, May and early June are the best times to climb.

    Major Attractions

    It is difficult not to see Denali's largest attraction towering 20,320 feet high. Mount McKinley can even be seen up to 70 miles away on a clear day. If you brave the climb to the top, you will be rewarded with charming views of the Alaska Range.

    Sable Pass is a prime spot to view grizzly bears. Closed to off-road foot traffic, the area is popular for bears feeding on berries, roots, and even occasionally on other mammals.

    Beginning at just below the summit of Mount McKinley, Muldrow Glacier flows 35 miles through a gorge and across the tundra. Twice in the last hundred years, the Muldrow has surged (涌动), most recently in the winter of 1956-1957.

Accommodation

    Five campgrounds are located within the park, and many are open from late spring to early fall.Note: reservations are strongly recommended during summer. Riley Creek campground is open all year round, and all but two (Sanctuary and Wonder Lake) offer RV (可供居住的大篷车)sites.

    Also within the park are a few lodges (旅馆)—North Face Lodge, Denali Backcountry Lodge and Kentishna Roadhouse.

12.—You look pretty tired today!

—I       an environmental report over the last few days, which should be submitted to the boss tomorrow.

13.—How do you like the advertisement of the way to losing weight?

—Don't fall for it. In the beginning, that may do, but after a while you will end up back ________ you started.

4.填空题(共3题)

14.
水是最普通、最常见的物质之一。 
(1)“水”有很多种。下列“水”属于纯净物的是________(填字母序号)。
(2)水是重要的溶剂和化工原料。氯碱工业以饱和食盐水为原料获得烧碱等化工产品,
反应原理为:
①20℃时,NaCl 的溶解度是36 g。该温度下,饱和食盐水中溶质与溶剂的质量比为________。
②烧碱可用于处理硫酸泄漏,反应的化学方程式_________________________________。
(3)水在化学实验中具有重要作用。将铁丝放在潮湿的空气中(如图所示),一段时间后,观察到导管内液面下降,导管口有气泡冒出,关闭 K。请解释导管内液面上升和下降的原因:_________________。
A.河水B.自来水C.矿泉水D.蒸馏水
15.
(6分)农作物的无土栽培可以显著提高产品的产量和质量。某茄子的无土栽培营养液中含有7.08%的KNO3
(1)KNO3中氮元素的质量分数是   (结果保留一位小数),KNO3属于    (选填“氮肥”、“钾肥” 、“磷肥”或“复合肥料”)。
(2)农业生产中用35.4%的KNO3溶液来配制150kg该营养液,需要水的质量 kg。
16.
(5分)节假日外出旅游是许多人喜爱的一种休闲方式。
(1)旅游时,多数人喜欢携带轻便而不易摔的塑料瓶,塑料属于 (填序号)。
①合成材料  ②金属材料  ③复合材料
(2)为防止旅途皮肤意外擦伤感染,常备有碘酒,碘酒中的溶剂是  。
(3)在野外饮用含有一定悬浮物的水时,可用干净的棉纱口罩罩住水杯口,再经过口罩将水倒入杯中,这个操作属于物质分离中的 (填操作名称)。

5.实验题(共1题)

17.
(10分)如图是实验中常用仪器装置,请回答下列问题:

(1)指出带有标号的仪器名称:    ‚
(2)实验室用氯酸钾和二氧化锰加热制取氧气,其化学方程式为
应选用的实验反应装置为 (填字母)
(3)若要制取二氧化碳,应选取的发生装置为   (填字母),能否用C来收集二
氧化碳,回答并说明理由
(4)如图的F装置有多种用途,若用F装置收集氢气,气体应从  (填a或b下同)
端通入;医院内给病人输送氧气时也用到它,先在F中装半瓶水,后从  端通
入氧气,通过此装置可以观察氧气的输出速度。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(5道)

    填空题:(3道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:4

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:6

    9星难题:0