人教版2018届九年级一轮复习化学专题练习:空气和氧气

适用年级:初三
试卷号:296519

试卷类型:课时练习
试卷考试时间:2018/3/26

1.综合题(共2题)

1.
化学就在我们身边,它能改善我们的生活。现有氮气、干冰、盐酸、氢氧化钠、硝酸钾五种物质,请用化学式填空:
(1)俗称烧碱的是________。
(2)农田施用的复合肥料是________。
(3)可用于人工降雨的是________。
(4)人体胃液中含有的成分是________。
(5)充入食品包装袋内用于防腐的是________。
2.
(原创) 已知,过氧化钠(化学式为Na2O2)是一种浅黄色固体粉末,可用作呼吸面具里的供氧剂,利用人呼出的二氧化碳与过氧化钠反应放出氧气,供给人的正常生命活动,该反应的化学方程式为:2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2。某同学利用该反应原理制取氧气,设计实验装置如下图所示:

(1)装置①中CO2的制取方法有多种:
若用稀盐酸和碳酸钠制取CO2,该反应的化学方程式为:_______________________;若用稀盐酸和大理石制取CO2,该反应的化学方程式为:____________________;若用加热NaHCO3固体制取CO2,应该选用的发生装置为________(选填下图字母),该反应的化学方程式为_______________;

(2)装置③中盛装的试剂为____________,作用是________________________。
(3)④为O2的收集装置,若想得到较为纯净的O2,应选用装置______(选填上图字母)。

2.简答题(共1题)

3.
根据下图实验示意图回答问题:

(1)写出标有①的仪器的名称  
(2)由实验B得出水是由氢元素和 元素组成的。
(3)实验A中的实验现象是
写出反应C的化学方程式  
(4)实验D中燃烧匙中所盛药品为红磷,实验中红磷要过量,其原因是  

3.单选题(共10题)

4.
分别分解高锰酸钾、氯酸钾、过氧化氢(化学式为H2O2)三种物质,都可以制得氧气。这说明三种物质的组成中都含有(  )
A.氧气B.氧元素C.氧分子D.氧化物
5.
一定条件下分别分解高锰酸钾、氯酸钾、过氧化氢三种物质,都可以制得氧气。这说明三种物质的组成中都含有
A.氧气B.氧分子C.氧元素D.氧化物
6.
下列关于空气的说法中,错误的是(  )。
A.空气中的氧气主要来自植物的光合作用
B.空气中的二氧化碳含量上升不会影响地球环境
C.空气中分离出的氮气可以用作食品防腐剂
D.空气中敞口放置的饼干变软是因为空气中含有水蒸气
7.
(2011年广东湛江,8题)我市是全国十大宜居城市之一,人们对空气污染关注的程度不断加强,下列气体中不会造成空气污染的是
A.二氧化氮B.二氧化硫C.一氧化碳D.氮气
8.
2月29日,新发布的《环境空气质量标准》中增加了PM2.5监测指标.PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,对人体健康影响更大,主要来源之一是化石燃料的燃烧.下列措施能减少PM2.5污染的是()
A.鼓励开私家车出行B.鼓励使用太阳能热水器
C.鼓励用煤火力发电D.鼓励用液化石油气作燃料
9.
有三瓶无色无味的气体,分别是氧气、空气、二氧化碳,区别它们最简单的方法是
A.分别测定气体的密度B.分别伸入燃着的木条
C.分别滴入澄清石灰水,振荡D.分别滴入紫色石蕊试液,振荡
10.
下列关于氧气的说法正确的是
A. 氧气易溶于水 B. 大多数金属能与氧气反应
C. 食物腐败不需要氧气 D. 硫在氧气中燃烧生成SO3
11.
下列大小关系中,你认为正确的是
A.KN0320℃时溶解度大于80℃时溶解度
B.水通电时,产生H2的体积大于O2的体积
C.加热KCl03时,使用Mn02产生氧气的量大于不使用Mn02产生氧气的量
D.NaCl溶于水时溶液温度高于NaOH溶于水时溶液温度
12.
某市开展“回赠母校一棵树,回报家乡一片绿”的主题活动,掀起了新一轮植树绿化的热潮。这项活动的开展有助于减少空气中哪种成分的含量
A.氮气 B.氧气C.二氧化碳D.稀有气体
13.
今年世界环境日的中国主题:同呼吸,共奋斗.下列不符合该主题的是(  )
A.废气随意排放B.净化汽车尾气
C.大力植树造林D.禁止焚烧秸秆

4.选择题(共6题)

14.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}在位时期,科举制增添殿试和面试。

15.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}在位时期,科举制增添殿试和面试。

16.

When kids at Archisha Singh's school in Loudoun County have a birthday, no parents buy them birthday cakes.
Some schools are worried that children might become fat or eat unhealthy food, so they have banned(禁止) cupcakes altogether.
What do kids do? Birthday kids can donate a book. The headmaster of their school will then read it to their class. The headmaster also hands out birthday certificates(证书), special pencils, and makes sure the kids' names are read out in the school's morning news.
Parents can send stickers(贴纸), pencils and other things to students. None of the things can be food. If a child donates jump ropes or other sports equipment, that child may get his or her name on a certificate. It will then be displayed at school.
Archisha really misses cupcakes, especially those her mother used to make for her kindergarten class, but her school's way is fun, too. "I like both ways," she said.
The headmaster says it's important that the school should be not only teaching, but offering healthy choices to kids. "There is a better life without cupcakes. If you eat a cupcake, then it's gone in two seconds, but a book lasts a lifetime. The sports equipment lasts, and the kids can use it day after day."

17.

When kids at Archisha Singh's school in Loudoun County have a birthday, no parents buy them birthday cakes.
Some schools are worried that children might become fat or eat unhealthy food, so they have banned(禁止) cupcakes altogether.
What do kids do? Birthday kids can donate a book. The headmaster of their school will then read it to their class. The headmaster also hands out birthday certificates(证书), special pencils, and makes sure the kids' names are read out in the school's morning news.
Parents can send stickers(贴纸), pencils and other things to students. None of the things can be food. If a child donates jump ropes or other sports equipment, that child may get his or her name on a certificate. It will then be displayed at school.
Archisha really misses cupcakes, especially those her mother used to make for her kindergarten class, but her school's way is fun, too. "I like both ways," she said.
The headmaster says it's important that the school should be not only teaching, but offering healthy choices to kids. "There is a better life without cupcakes. If you eat a cupcake, then it's gone in two seconds, but a book lasts a lifetime. The sports equipment lasts, and the kids can use it day after day."

18.

When kids at Archisha Singh's school in Loudoun County have a birthday, no parents buy them birthday cakes.
Some schools are worried that children might become fat or eat unhealthy food, so they have banned(禁止) cupcakes altogether.
What do kids do? Birthday kids can donate a book. The headmaster of their school will then read it to their class. The headmaster also hands out birthday certificates(证书), special pencils, and makes sure the kids' names are read out in the school's morning news.
Parents can send stickers(贴纸), pencils and other things to students. None of the things can be food. If a child donates jump ropes or other sports equipment, that child may get his or her name on a certificate. It will then be displayed at school.
Archisha really misses cupcakes, especially those her mother used to make for her kindergarten class, but her school's way is fun, too. "I like both ways," she said.
The headmaster says it's important that the school should be not only teaching, but offering healthy choices to kids. "There is a better life without cupcakes. If you eat a cupcake, then it's gone in two seconds, but a book lasts a lifetime. The sports equipment lasts, and the kids can use it day after day."

19.
人的生存离不开空气.如图为空气成分示意图,其中R指的是(  )
A.氮气B.氧气C.稀有气体D.二氧化碳

5.填空题(共1题)

20.
结合图1、2所示实验装置回答问题:
图1
图2
(1)实验室若用高锰酸钾制取氧气,可选用的发生和收集装置是     (填标号),反应的化学方程式为
(2)检查装置B气密性的方法是
(3)装置B与C组合,可以制取的一种气体是   ,反应的化学方程式为   ,能用装置C收集该气体的原因是
(4)一种洗气装置如图2所示,为了除去二氧化碳中混有的少量水分,气体应从 (填“a”或“b”)端导管口通入。
(5)用澄清石灰水检验二氧化碳的化学方程式为   .

6.实验题(共2题)

21.
按如图组装仪器,关闭止水夹,通电使红磷燃烧。请回答下列问题:

(1)燃烧的现象是  
(2)红磷燃烧一段时间后,自动熄灭了,你认为原因是    
(3)冷却到室温后,松开止水夹,你观察到的现象为:     
22.
请根据下列装置图,回答有关问题:

(1)写出装置图中标号仪器的名称:a ,b
(2)写出实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气的化学方程式 ,
可选用的发生装置是 (填字母)。
(3)写出实验室用锌粒与稀硫酸制取氢气的化学方程式   
可选用的收集装置是 (填字母)。
(4)若要配制245g质量分数为10%的稀硫酸,需要质量分数为98%的浓硫酸(密度为1.84 g/cm3)    ml(计算结果保留一位小数),由浓溶液配制稀溶液时,计算的依据是 。在实验室用浓硫酸配制稀硫酸的主要步骤有:计算、   、混匀、冷却至室温装瓶并贴上标签。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(2道)

    简答题:(1道)

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(6道)

    填空题:(1道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:6