2013届辽宁省鞍山市中考一模化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:295961

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/1/23

1.简答题(共1题)

1.
某科研小组预测定孔雀石中碱式碳酸铜[Cu2(OH)2CO3]的质量分数.现称取30g该孔雀石样品放入烧杯中,再逐滴加入稀盐酸至恰好完全反应,反应的化学方程式为:铜Cu2(OH)2CO3+4HCl=2CuCl2+CO2↑+3H2O.共消耗该稀盐酸146g(假设杂质不与稀盐酸反应,也不溶于水),最终称得烧杯中剩余物质的质量为171.6g.试求:
(1)孔雀石中碱式碳酸铜的质量分数;
(2)所得溶液中溶质的质量分数.(结果保留至0.1%)

2.单选题(共8题)

2.
下面能量转化过程中,主要发生了化学变化的是()
A.蜡烛照明B.水力发电C.太阳能供热D.电热器取暖
3.
毒豆芽中含有多种有毒物质,其中有加速植物细胞分裂的激素;6﹣苄基腺嘌呤(C12H11N5),下列关于该激素的说法错误的是()
①6﹣苄基腺嘌呤属于有机物;
②6﹣苄基腺嘌呤中含有28个原子;
③6﹣苄基腺嘌呤中H,N元素的质量比为11:14;
④6﹣苄基腺嘌呤中氮元素的质量分数为31.1%
A. ② B. ①② C. ②③ D. ②③④
4.
高铁酸钠(Na2FeO4)被广泛应用于自来水净化,它集吸附、凝聚、杀菌等功能于一体.高铁酸钠中铁元素的化合价为()
A.﹣6 B. +2 C. +3 D. +6
5.
在一定质量的甲溶液中逐渐加入至过量,反应过程中溶液的总质量与加入乙的质量(  )

序号



HCl溶液
NaOH溶液

HCl溶液
大理石

BaCl2溶液
Na2CO3溶液

CuSO4溶液
铁粉

H2SO4溶液
锌粉
 
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①⑤ D. ②⑤
6.
正确的过滤操作后,展开滤纸,难溶物在滤纸上的分布情况最接近下图中的()
(大圈表示滤纸,黑色表示难溶物覆盖的区域)
A.     B.     C.    D.
7.
化学实验过程中要规范操作,注意实验安全,如果发生意外也要冷静处理.下列意外事故的处理方法中,错误的是(  )
选项
意外事故
处理方法
A
洒在桌面上的酒精燃烧起来
立即用湿抹布或沙子扑灭
B
稀酸飞溅到皮肤上
立即用大量水冲洗再涂上3%~5%的小苏打溶液
C
误服氯化钡溶液
立即喝大量鲜牛奶或鸡蛋清
D
碱液泼在衣服上
用水冲洗后,再涂上醋酸溶液
 
A. A B. B C. C D. D
8.
图中X,Y,Z表示的是三种物质溶液的近似pH.下列判断错误的是()

A. X溶液一定能使紫色石蕊试液变红
B. X,Z发生的反应一定是中和反应
C. Z物质不一定是碱
D. Y物质不一定是水
9.
某饮品的主要成分为:脂肪、鸡蛋白粉、钾、钙等.该饮品不能为人体补充的营养素是()
A.无机盐B.油脂C.蛋白质D.维生素

3.选择题(共8题)

10.已知p:|x﹣a|<3(a为常数);q:代数式 {#mathml#}x+1+lg(6x){#/mathml#} 有意义.
11.

阅读下面材料,在空格处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Using Garbage as a Fuel

    Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look {#blank#}1{#/blank#}coal, petroleum, or natural gas, but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as {#blank#}2{#/blank#}energy source. Burning garbage {#blank#}3{#/blank#}( be) not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby {#blank#}5{#/blank#}( build). In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city's garbage each year. The amount of energy {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(produce) is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!

    But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(easy) , such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials {#blank#}8{#/blank#}do not. Another problem is that burning garbage can pollute the air. Our fossil fuel supplies are {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(limit) . Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(pile) up on the earth.

12.

阅读下面材料,在空格处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Using Garbage as a Fuel

    Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look {#blank#}1{#/blank#}coal, petroleum, or natural gas, but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as {#blank#}2{#/blank#}energy source. Burning garbage {#blank#}3{#/blank#}( be) not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby {#blank#}5{#/blank#}( build). In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city's garbage each year. The amount of energy {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(produce) is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!

    But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(easy) , such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials {#blank#}8{#/blank#}do not. Another problem is that burning garbage can pollute the air. Our fossil fuel supplies are {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(limit) . Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(pile) up on the earth.

13.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    We all know that sports may help us become stronger. But their1 go far beyond this. Research shows that sports that 2 aiming and hitting skills, for example, tennis, badminton and baseball, help children increase 3 . They help develop leadership qualities and 4  team spirit in kids. They involve competition. Playing sports teaches them to accept 5  with a positive spirit when they lose a game.

    Playing sports does a lot of good to the development of 6  skills. Sports teach you to communicate with people and work together as a 7 . Sports improve collective thinking and help develop your planning and organizational skills, too. Sports build 8 , since winning a game always gives you a sense of accomplishment.

    Playing sports requires you to strategize(制定策略). You need to be very 9  to score goals or earn points. You need to 10  strategies to win. You need to judge your competitor's strategy and change yours 11 . This certainly involves clever thinking, which sports 12 . Studies show that kids who play sports 13  do well in school and college.

    Playing sports brings you 14 . Jumping about, running around, racing to get ahead, 15 , falling and standing up again, all of them are a(n) 16  of playing sports. There is no 17  to the happiness this brings. 18 , sports are a form of exercise which produces happiness molecules (分子) in your body, thus improving your mental health. You can't be sad 19  playing sports. Sports produce 20  energy in you and the people around you.

14.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    We all know that sports may help us become stronger. But their1 go far beyond this. Research shows that sports that 2 aiming and hitting skills, for example, tennis, badminton and baseball, help children increase 3 . They help develop leadership qualities and 4  team spirit in kids. They involve competition. Playing sports teaches them to accept 5  with a positive spirit when they lose a game.

    Playing sports does a lot of good to the development of 6  skills. Sports teach you to communicate with people and work together as a 7 . Sports improve collective thinking and help develop your planning and organizational skills, too. Sports build 8 , since winning a game always gives you a sense of accomplishment.

    Playing sports requires you to strategize(制定策略). You need to be very 9  to score goals or earn points. You need to 10  strategies to win. You need to judge your competitor's strategy and change yours 11 . This certainly involves clever thinking, which sports 12 . Studies show that kids who play sports 13  do well in school and college.

    Playing sports brings you 14 . Jumping about, running around, racing to get ahead, 15 , falling and standing up again, all of them are a(n) 16  of playing sports. There is no 17  to the happiness this brings. 18 , sports are a form of exercise which produces happiness molecules (分子) in your body, thus improving your mental health. You can't be sad 19  playing sports. Sports produce 20  energy in you and the people around you.

15.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Darek Fidyka, a 38-year-old Bulgarian, had been paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down for four years after a knife attack. Scientists from Britain and Poland took cells from his nose, transplanted (移植) them into his back and re-grew his spinal cord (脊髓). Now he can walk and even drive a car. The doctors were delighted but said it was the first step in a long journey.

    The breakthrough came after 40 years of research by Professor Geoff Raisman, who found that cells had the possibility to repair damage to nasal (鼻腔的) nerves, the only part of the nervous system that constantly re-grows. “The idea was to take something from an area where the nervous system can repair itself and put it into an area that doesn't repair itself,” Professor Raisman said.

    Polish doctors injected (注射) the nasal cells into Mr Fidyka's spinal cord above the injury and used some nerves from his ankle to form a bridge across the damaged tissue. The nasal cells appear to have caused the spinal nerves to repair themselves.

    Professor Raisman achieved this with rats in the late 1990's, but this is his greatest success. “I think the moment of discovery for me was Christmas in 1997 when I first saw a rat, which couldn't control its hand, put its hand out to me. That was an exciting moment, because I realized then that my belief that the nervous system could be repaired was true.”

    Doctors chose the easiest case for their first attempt—it might not work for others. But there is a real sense of hope that an idea once thought impossible has been realized.

    David Nicholls, who helped provide money for the breakthrough, said information about the breakthrough would be made available to researchers across the globe.

    “What you've got to understand is that for three million paralyzed people in the world today, the world looks a totally brighter place than it did yesterday,” he said.

16.已知抛物线C:y2=2px(p>0)的焦点为F,点M(2,m)为其上一点,且|MF|=4.

17.

I like abstract paintings because you have to use your own i{#blank#}1{#/blank#} to understand what the painter is trying to do.

4.填空题(共6题)

18.
用化学符号填空:
(1)2个氢原子   
(2)人体中含量最多的元素是   
(3)海水中含量最大的阳离子   
(4)小苏打的主要成分      
19.
请你根据以下实验要求从中选出所需合适仪器的编号,并写在横线上。

(1)镁条燃烧时,夹持镁条用__________。
(2)配制一定溶质质量分数的硝酸钾溶液用___________。
(3)粗盐提纯时蒸发滤液所用到的仪器是____________。
(4)在⑵、⑶两组实验操作中都缺少的一种仪器是(填名称)________。
20.
碳与碳水化合物在工农业生产及日常生活中有广泛的用途
(1)用墨绘制的画虽年久仍不变色,说明常温下碳的化学性质     
(2)CO2能参与光合作用完成大气中的“碳循环”,但是大气中CO2的含量不断上升,会使全球变暖,从而增加剧“  ”.蔬菜大棚用作气肥的CO2,可以用稀硫酸与碳酸氢氨(NH4HCO3)反应制得,反应后生成硫酸铵、水和CO2,这一反应的化学方程式是   
21.
①~⑥为初中化学常见物质的相互转化关系(反应条件已略去).其中只有D,E,M为单质,H和L均含两种元素,且它们的组成元素相同
①A+B→C;②A→D+E;③F→A+E;④G+K→H+A;⑤G+M→L+D;⑥Q+K→M+B
(1)写出物质的化学式:C    ,L  
(2)写出反应的化学方程式:
;⑥
22.
神舟十号飞船将在2013年夏天与“天宫一号”交会对接
(1)镍钛合金被人们称为“形状记忆合金”,可制作的飞船自展天线.关于此天线制作材料的描述错误的是(     
A.具有形状记忆功能;
B.具有极低的熔点;
C.具有良好的延展性;
D.具有良好的导电性
 
(2)制作火箭外壳材料中的铝合金属于  (填“混合物”或“单质”).铝片投入稀盐酸中发生的反应是 
   (用化学式方程表示).将未打磨的铝片投入稀盐酸中,不能立刻产生气泡,请用化学方程式解释原因     
23.
人类的生产和生活都离不开水,饮用水安全备受关注
(1)除去水中异味物质的方法是   
(2)生活中既能降低水的硬度,又能杀菌消毒的方法是   
(3)“84消毒液”可用于灾区防疫.制备其主要成分次氯酸钠(NaClO)的化学方程式为:2NaOH+X=NaClO+NaCl+H2O,则X的化学式为   
(4)“水是生命之源”,下列关于水的说法正确的是    
A.水是有机物,能赋予生命;
B.水是一种极好的溶剂,能维持人体的体液平衡;
C.水是人体主要的供能物质;
D.水中氧元素含量极高,能提供人体所需的氧气
 

5.实验题(共2题)

24.
用如图的装置分离CO2和CO的混合气体并测定其中CO2的体积分数.图中a,b,c,d均为活塞,可以控制气体的通过和液体的加入.请选择适宜的试剂完成实验

供选用的试剂有:①稀硫酸;②澄清的石灰水;③氢氧化钠溶液(试剂均足量)
实验分以下两步进行:
(1)关闭b,c,打开a,d通入混合气体.则甲中发生反应的化学方程式为:       .若乙装置中的现象是   ,说明甲装置中反应是充分的.(注:假设装置中的该气体全部被回收)丙装置中用充满水的倒立量筒收集气体,若通入500mL混合气体,量筒中就会收集到200mL气体,则混合气体中CO2的体积分数为    ;如果某同学在读取图中量筒数据时俯视读数,则所读取的气体体积会   200mL(填“>”“<”或“=”)
(2)闭关a,d,打开b,c,让分液漏斗中试剂缓缓流下即可产生另一种气体.则收集该气体应该
使用     
25.
同学们在学习酸和碱的化学性质时,进行了如图所示的实验

(1)甲实验中能证明两种物质发生反应的明显现象是      
(2)实验结束后,同学们将甲、乙两个实验所得的无色废液倒入同一个干净的废液缸中,最终看到废液浑浊并呈红色
(提出问题)废液中含有哪些物质?
(交流讨论)①一定含有的物质:硫酸钡、指示剂、水、碱类物质和   (写化学式或名称)
②对碱类物质是什么?同学们有如下猜想
猜想一:只有氢氧化钠
猜想二:只有氢氧化钡
猜想三:是氢氧化钠和氢氧化钡
你认为猜想    是错误的
(实验设计)若要证明剩余的两种猜想,可选用的试剂是    
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(1道)

    单选题:(8道)

    选择题:(8道)

    填空题:(6道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:10

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:3

    9星难题:1