2014届黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区中考调研测试(三)化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:295909

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/7/21

1.简答题(共3题)

1.
用两圆相切表示两种物质可以发生反应,请回答下列问题:
(1)用3个圆形表示.C(二氧化碳)、D(铁粉)、E(硫酸铜溶液)三种物质,将C、D、E三个圆画到图中A、B周围适当的位置,并标出物质的化学式:____________

(2)写出发生置换反应的化学方程式___________________________;
(3)有明显实验现象的复分解反应伴随的现象是___________________________。
2.
(5分)小坊同学在实验室用一定量的氯酸钾和二氧化锰混合物制取氧气,加热至固体质量不再减少时,称得固体残渣质量为20.4 g,为了分离出二氧化锰,她向残渣中加入40℃的水30 g,充分溶解,第一次过滤后得到滤液A和8.4 g残渣,她又向残渣中加入40℃ 的水l0 g,充分溶解,第二次过滤后得到滤液B和5.5 g残渣(假设在实验过程中无损失)。请回答下列问题:
(1)反应的化学方程式为  ___________________________
(2)8.4 g残渣的成分是_______;
(3)利用已知条件列出求原混合物中氯酸钾质量(X)的比例式______ :
(4)将滤液A和滤液B混合,并加入45.1g水,求所得溶液的溶质质量分数______ :
(5)原固体混合物中氯酸钾和二氧化锰的质量比为___________________________。
(已知:40℃ 时,氯化钾的溶解度为40 g)
3.
家长每天都去菜市场买菜,市场的小商贩不知何时开始又免费提供塑料袋了,于是每个买菜人又恢复了如图所示的这种状态,塑料袋又开始泛滥了……
看到此情景你的感受是(1)___________________________;
为了改善此状况,你的建议是(2)___________________________。

2.科学探究题(共1题)

4.
现有A、B、C、D四瓶失去标签的白色粉末(纯净物),已知他们是硫酸铜、碳酸钠、氯化钠、硫酸钠中的一种。
(提出问题)如何鉴别四种物质? .
(设计实验)同学们最先想到的是把四种物质分别溶于水,观察溶液颜色。
(实验探究)取A、B、C、D四种白色粉末各一药匙,分别放入四支洁净的试管中,各加蒸馏水l0毫升,振荡后静置,只有盛放A的试管中的液体呈蓝色,其他呈无色。
为了鉴别其他三种物质,小香同学继续进行实验:
步骤一:向盛放B、C、D溶液的试管中加入等量的稀硫酸,只有C试管中有气泡冒出.
其他两支试管内均无明显现象:
步骤二:向步骤一实验后的盛有B、D溶液的两支试管中分别滴加氯化钡溶液,小香观察到的实验现象是___________________________,产生该现象的原因是__________________________;
(反思与交流)同学们经过分析讨论后,将小香的实验步骤____中所加入的______改为______(填名称),其他操作不变,发现B溶液中出现白色沉淀,于是将四种物质鉴别出来了;
(实验结论)请将四种物质的化学式填在标签上。______

3.单选题(共13题)

5.
下列物质的用途,主要利用其化学性质的是( )
6.
下列有关物质的应用不正确的是
7.
下列应用与化学方程式、基本反应类型都正确的是( )
A. 治疗胃酸过多症 2HCl+Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+2H2O中和反应
B. 铁与稀硫酸反应制氢气 2Fe+3H2SO4=Fe2(SO4)3+3H2↑置换反应
C. 雨水呈酸性的原因 CO2+H2O=H2CO3化合反应
D. 吸收二氧化碳气体 CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O复分解反应
8.
下列微观粒子图所表示的元素在元素周期表中同一纵行的是( )

A. ①② B. ①②③     C. ①③⑤     D. ①③④
9.
下列有关资源的叙述正确的是( )
A.海洋中含量最多的元素是氯元素
B.地壳中含量最多的金属元素是硅元素
C.沼气是一种优良的气体化石燃料
D.稀有气体约占空气总体积的0.94%
10.
修正液中含有三氯乙烷(C2H3Cl3)等对人体有害的化学物质,应谨慎使用。下列关于
三氯乙烷的说法不正确的是(    )
A.三氯乙烷是一种有机化合物
B.三氯乙烷中含有碳、氢、氯三种原子
C.三氯乙烷中三种元素的个数比依次为2:3:3
D.一个三氯乙烷分子中含有66个质子
11.
某金属氯化物溶液200g,溶质质量分数为5.55%,向其中滴加硝酸银溶液至不再产生沉淀为止,过滤,干燥得到固体28.7g,则该金属氯化物的化学式为(    )
A.NaClB.MgCl2C.CaCl2D.FeCl3
12.
除去下列物质中所含杂质(括号内为杂质),所加试剂及操作方法正确的一组是(  )
}选项
待提纯的物质
选用的试剂
操作方法
A
MnO2(KCl)

过滤、结晶
B
NH3(H2O)
浓硫酸
洗气
C
CuO(C)
氧气
点燃
D
CuSO4(H2SO4)

过滤
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
13.
区分下列各组物质的两种方案都不正确的是(  )
 
要鉴别的物质
方法一
方法二
A
蒸馏水、食盐水
加硝酸银溶液
蒸干
B
二氧化碳、空气
加水
带火星的木条
C
氢氧化钠溶液和氢氧化钙溶液
通入二氧化碳
加稀盐酸
D
合成纤维和天然纤维
灼烧
观察颜色
 
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
14.
下图是a、b两种固体物质的溶解度曲线,下列说法中正确的是( )
A.a中含有少量b时,一般用蒸发溶剂的方法提纯a
B.t℃时,a、b饱和溶液中含有的溶质质量a大于b
C.当温度大于t℃时,a溶液一定比b溶液浓
D.a物质的溶解度受温度变化的影响较大
15.
下列实验操作正确的是(    )
A.AB.BC.CD.D
16.
下列对一些事实的解释中,不合理的是(    )
 
事实
解释
A
盛夏,花香四溢
粒子在不停运动
B
铁轨接头处留有一定的缝隙
粒子之间有间隔
C
水在通电条件下,可分解为氧气和氢气
化学反应中分子是可分的
D
盐酸、稀硫酸都能使紫色石蕊变红
盐酸、稀硫酸中都含有大量的酸根离子
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
17.
下列说法不正确的是( )

4.选择题(共21题)

18.阅读理解

    I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun, potting flowers outdoors. But that was before the pair of crows (乌鸦). Out of nowhere, they had set up their base camp in our backyard.

    We first discovered our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made traveled through our neighborhood. I figured they'd go away soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably annoying my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little desperate.

    Then, on Sunday afternoon, I looked out the kitchen window to see our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to explore and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly still as my dog inched towards it. Only when Quatchi touched his nose to its head did it walk away. I took hold of the dog and locked him inside and came back with my camera.

    It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining strength as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I forgave the crows.

    To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. I also have a healthy respect for birds, and by healthy I mean slightly fear-based. They're basically living dinosaurs.

    I wish they'd chosen another backyard. There are only so many sunny days in Seattle, and I still can't do any gardening out there. But I'm also grateful that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It's pretty amazing.

    The experience has also strengthened my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.

19.— How are things going, Mr. White?

— Well, they have set out to deal with the present situation ________ they think deserves their immediate attention.

20.—What do you think of Betty?

—She is a lovely girl, though she ________be naughty sometimes.

21.—What do you think of Betty?

—She is a lovely girl, though she ________be naughty sometimes.

22.阅读理解

    Despite their popularity, only three of Jin Yong's martial arts novels have been translated into English. But fans will soon get more from the writer as his most popular trilogy, named after the first of the three books, Legends of the Condor Heroes, is scheduled to hit bookstores in February.

    Jin Yong is the pen name of Louis Cha. And the author, who lives in Hong Kong, is one of the best-selling Chinese authors alive. With regard to Jin Yong's works this latest translation project is the most ambitious. The trilogy, written by Jin Yong in the 1950s and 60s, covers the Song Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, and features hundreds of characters.

    According to the publishing house, Maclehose Press, the translated work will come in 12 volumes, including Legends of the Condor Heroes; Divine Condor, Errant Knight; and Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre.

    Speaking of the project which she took up in 2012, Holmwood, a self-employed translator focusing on Chinese-English literary translations, says in an email interview: “It had to be Jin Yong then. It was the obvious place to start, not only because of the quality of his writing, but also because of his standing and reputation in Asia.”

    Having studied history at the University of Oxford, Holmwood was determined to learn Chinese due to her previous trip to China. She then went to Taiwan Normal University for language training in 2,009. In a bookshop there, she saw a whole shelf dedicated to Jin Yong. She bought a copy of Jin Yong's work—Lu Ding Ji (The Deer and the Cauldron), the longest of his novels. “What is a bigger challenge for the translator is making the original pace and excitement into English. It's all about whether the English reader will be lured by the emotions and characters.”

    It took five years for Holmwood to finish the translation of the first volume. As for why his works need to be translated, she says: “Many have considered Jin Yong's world too foreign, too Chinese for an English-speaking readership.Impossible to translate.” “And yet this story of love, loyalty, honor and the power of the individual against successive corrupt (腐败的) governments and invading forces is as universal as any story could hope to be.” “The greatest loss that can occur in translation can only come from not translating it at all.”

23.语法填空

    As a saying goes, he who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. The Great Wall in China {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(impress) everyone who sees for the first time {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the general tourists to scholars. The vastness of the structure helps children grasp the great {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(achieve) in human history and can help inspire them {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (learn) more about human success over one thousand years.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} (construct) over a period of 2,000 years, the stone solider {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(actual) consists of many great walls, some of{#blank#}7{#/blank#}date back to the fifth century B.C. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang,{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (order) these earlier long wall sections linked and extended with watchtowers to protect the new empire from northern tribes. Succeeding emperors and dynasties continued the construction.{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (spread) westward into the Gobi desert to guard{#blank#}10{#/blank#}Silk Road. All together, the walls may have stretched more than 30,000 miles.

24.语法填空

    As a saying goes, he who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. The Great Wall in China {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(impress) everyone who sees for the first time {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the general tourists to scholars. The vastness of the structure helps children grasp the great {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(achieve) in human history and can help inspire them {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (learn) more about human success over one thousand years.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} (construct) over a period of 2,000 years, the stone solider {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(actual) consists of many great walls, some of{#blank#}7{#/blank#}date back to the fifth century B.C. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang,{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (order) these earlier long wall sections linked and extended with watchtowers to protect the new empire from northern tribes. Succeeding emperors and dynasties continued the construction.{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (spread) westward into the Gobi desert to guard{#blank#}10{#/blank#}Silk Road. All together, the walls may have stretched more than 30,000 miles.

25.语法填空

    As a saying goes, he who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. The Great Wall in China {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(impress) everyone who sees for the first time {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the general tourists to scholars. The vastness of the structure helps children grasp the great {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(achieve) in human history and can help inspire them {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (learn) more about human success over one thousand years.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} (construct) over a period of 2,000 years, the stone solider {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(actual) consists of many great walls, some of{#blank#}7{#/blank#}date back to the fifth century B.C. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang,{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (order) these earlier long wall sections linked and extended with watchtowers to protect the new empire from northern tribes. Succeeding emperors and dynasties continued the construction.{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (spread) westward into the Gobi desert to guard{#blank#}10{#/blank#}Silk Road. All together, the walls may have stretched more than 30,000 miles.

26.语法填空

    As a saying goes, he who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. The Great Wall in China {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(impress) everyone who sees for the first time {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the general tourists to scholars. The vastness of the structure helps children grasp the great {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(achieve) in human history and can help inspire them {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (learn) more about human success over one thousand years.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} (construct) over a period of 2,000 years, the stone solider {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(actual) consists of many great walls, some of{#blank#}7{#/blank#}date back to the fifth century B.C. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang,{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (order) these earlier long wall sections linked and extended with watchtowers to protect the new empire from northern tribes. Succeeding emperors and dynasties continued the construction.{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (spread) westward into the Gobi desert to guard{#blank#}10{#/blank#}Silk Road. All together, the walls may have stretched more than 30,000 miles.

27.— Why did your brother look so down?

His ________ to become a pilot was held back by his poor eyesight.

28.假设你是李华,应邀出席参加“亚太经合组织(APEC)青少年发展论坛”,且将在该论坛发表以“我的中国梦”为主题的演讲。

内容包括:1)自我简介;

2)你的梦想是什么?

3)如何实现自己的梦想?

要求:1)包括所有内容;

2)文中不得出现真实的校名和人名;

3)字数不少于80。

29.Sometimes the message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of     others ________actually understand.
30.Sometimes the message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of     others ________actually understand.
31.—Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I order?

—Of coupe. ________, Sir.

32.Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time. ________, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.
33.Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time. ________, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.
34.Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time. ________, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.
35.任务型阅读

    We Chinese are really particular about what we eat; meanwhile we are also concerned with how we eat. Along with the growing popularity of the manners in the workplace,{#blank#}1{#/blank#} The following are some Chinese table manners. Hope it would help you to get an idea on how to handle the table manners with high proficiency.

    At the beginning of Chinese dinner, the first wet towel served by the waiter is for the hands, not the face. Along with lobster, chicken and fruits would come a small basin in it some lemon slices or rose petals are floating on the water,{#blank#}2{#/blank#}When washing your hands, you should wet your fingers in turn and wash them quietly, then dry your hands with wet towel.

    You can introduce the features of Chinese food to foreign guests.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} and they can choose dishes as they like. Some people like to recommend food or even picking up dishes for the guests, but you have to know the foreign guests are not used to this; they may grow tired of your repeated advice.

    You have to pay attention to the manner when picking up food, only do so when the dishes come in front of you; do not pick up before your neighbors; the dishes should not be picked up too much at one time and you should chew your food slowly,{#blank#}4{#/blank#} It is a greedy performance to wolf down the food.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} For example, avoid touching the neighbor, be careful not to make the dishes out of the plate or spill the soup. Please do not make food noise when drinking the soup or chewing the dishes. Do not chat with others when eating. Do not spit the bones or the fish bone directly to the desk, you had better cover your mouth and pick it out on the plate with your chopsticks.

A. Dining manner should be gentle

B. Do not repeatedly urge the guests to eat

C. which is for hand-washing not for drinking

D. table manners are also demanding more attention

E. At last, you should learn how to become a gentleman

F. we should know how to be polite in some public places

G. which is not only good for digestion but also a part of table manners

36.Born into a family with three brothers, David was _________ to value the sense of sharing.
37.— I've read another book this week.

—Well, maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

38.I came across a good friend of mine on the square the other day, but we didn't talk much because he ________ to catch the bus.

5.填空题(共5题)

39.
下图是氢气点燃时在氯气中燃烧的微观图示,根据要求回答下列问题:

(1)在A图中将相关粒子图形补充完整;
(2)生成物属于物质分类的①_______,从微观角度说出你的判断依据②_______;
(3)从微观角度解释由B到C的变化过程_______。
40.
小亮同学利用所学知识用如图装置做了一个趣味实验(装置气密性良好)。他先把气球中的一定量碳酸钠粉末加入到盛有适量稀盐酸的U形管中,一段时间后把注射器中的氢氧化钠溶液全部注入U形管中。请回答问题:

(1)加入碳酸钠粉末后,观察到的现象是___________________________;
(2)加入氢氧化钠溶液后,气球会变小,请用理化知识解释气球变小的原因___________________________。
41.
(4分)根据图片中的信息回答下列问题:

(1)煤炉里煤层上方的蓝色火焰,是___________________________燃烧产生的;
(2)该图标的含义___________________________;
(3)自行车支架采取的防锈措施是___________________________;
(4)铁丝在氧气中燃烧时看到的现象是___________________________。
42.
据报道,一些地区的农民在种植水稻的同时养鱼, 达到水稻增产鱼丰收的目的。请按要求回答下列问题:鱼所富含的营养素对生命活动的怍用是__________________________ ;捕鱼时用的渔网常用尼龙丝制成,尼龙属于合成材料中的______;给鱼田抽水时会用到水泵,水泵在通电的情况工作,该过程实现的能量转化是______;若水稻出现倒伏现象,应施加的化肥种类是___________________________;水稻生长过程中也需要施加氮肥,氮肥硝酸铵受猛烈撞击会分解生成两种空气中较多的气体和一种常见液体,其反应的化学方程式为__________________________;反应前后氮元素化合价的变化为_______。
43.
控制燃烧反应,使燃料充分燃烧,对于节约能源非常重要。请从影响燃料充分燃烧的两个因素入手,将下列事实分类,并说出分类依据。
A将煤制成蜂窝煤或煤粉  B用鼓风机向煤炉中吹空气  C将燃气灶具的进风口直径加大  D用扇子扇炉火  E将木柴架空
(1)分类依据___________________________;
(2)包含的事实(填字母)___________________________。

6.实验题(共1题)

44.
右图是检验鸡蛋壳中是否含有碳酸根离
子的部分实验装置图.请回答问题:
(1)在下图中,写出标出仪器A的名称,液体药品B的名称,并将实验装置图补充完整;

______
(2)若鸡蛋壳中含有碳酸根离子,右侧装置内你能观察到的现象是______________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(3道)

    科学探究题:(1道)

    单选题:(13道)

    选择题:(21道)

    填空题:(5道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:4

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:12

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:2