2013届山东省济南市市中区中考一模化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:295656

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/1/23

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
某同学为测定12g含杂质的氧化铁样品中氧化铁的质量分数,利用稀硫酸和锌粒制取氢气,设计了下图所示的装置,进行有关的实验探究(提示:3H2+Fe2O3 2Fe+3H2O杂质不参加反应,假定每步均完全反应或吸收).请回答有关问题:

得到如下数据:
装置
B
C
反应前质量
86.3g
284.2g
反应后质量
83.9g
286.9g
 
(1)请计算样品中氧化铁的质量分数.(写出计算步骤,计算结果精确到0.l%)_______
(2)该实验还可测定组成水的各元素之间的质量关系,请用表中实验数据列式表示出水中氢、氧元素的质量比为_____________________________________________________________________(不用化简);若玻璃管中的氧化铁没有完全反应,则求得水中氢、氧元素的质量比会________(选填“偏大”、“偏小”或“不变”).

2.科学探究题(共1题)

2.
某化学兴趣小组根据以下图示进行模拟炼铜的实验,并对产物成分进行探究.

[提出问题]无色气体A有哪些成分?红色固体B可能是什么?
[猜想与假设]甲认为无色气体A一定是CO2,因为CO与CuO反应的化学方程式为       .乙认为红色固体B一定是Cu.
[交流与讨论]丙认为甲的猜想不一定正确,无色气体A除含CO2外,可能含CO,理由是       
[探究与反思]
(1)为验证甲的猜想,大家按以下图示进行实验,过程和现象如下(箭头表示气体流向):
由此,你认为甲的猜想       (选填“正确”或“不正确”).
(2)为验证乙的猜想,大家按以下图示进行实验探究,过程和现象如下:
经过分析,大家确认乙的猜想是错误的,理由是(要求写出分析过程):
(3)为探究红色粉末M的组成,丁同学做了如下实验:
取洗净、烘干的7.2g红色粉末M,放在纯氧气流中加热,观察到粉末由红色逐渐变为黑色.充分反应,冷却、称量,质量为8.0g.将该黑色粉末放于足量稀硫酸中,黑色粉末全部溶解,得到蓝色溶液.大家分析、讨论、计算,最后得出红色粉末M的组成元素是     ,红色粉末M的化学式为     

3.单选题(共7题)

3.
下列变化过程中,没有发生化学变化的是(  )
A.光合作用B.瓷碗破碎C.食物消化D.煤气燃烧
4.
已知某两种物质在光照条件下能发生化学反应,其微观示意图如下(一种小球代表一种原子),则下列说法正确的是()
A.反应前后分子种类没有改变B.该反应属于置换反应
C.该反应不符合质量守恒定律D.图示中共有4种分子
5.
根据下列三种微粒结构示意图,所获取信息正确的是()
A.②③化学性质相同
B.它们表示三种元素
C.①表示的是原子,②表示的是离子
D.③表示的元素原子在化学反应中一般易得到电子
6.
氯气是一种有毒的气体,实验室制取氯气时,可用氢氧化钠溶液来吸收尾气,其反应原理为Cl2+2NaOH=X+NaClO+H2O,则X 的化学式及NaClO中氯元素的化合价分别为()
A.NaCl,+1B.H2,+3C.HCl,+1D.NaCl,﹣1
7.
稀盐酸是化学实验中常用的试剂,但下列实验中,不宜使用稀盐酸的是()
A.除去铜粉中混有的铁粉
B.除去熟石灰中的石灰石
C.区别硝酸银和硝酸钠溶液
D.检验暴露在空气中的NaOH固体是否变质
8.
2012年中央电视台播出的《舌尖上的中国》很受观众欢迎,该节目主要介绍中国的美食及其制作方法.“饮食健康”是人们普遍的生活追求,下列做法会严重危害人体健康的是(  )
A.用食醋除去松花蛋的涩味
B.食品袋里充入氮气延长食品的保质期
C.在果汁中加入“塑化剂”使其口感更好
D.在煲好的鸡汤中放入适当的加碘食盐
9.
取一定量的氧化铁与氧化铜的混合物,加入溶质质量分数为9.8%的稀硫酸100g,恰好完全反应生成盐和水.原混合物中氧元素的质量是(  )
A.6.4gB.3.2gC.1.8gD.1.6g

4.选择题(共9题)

10.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

Rafting the GRAND CANYON Welcomes You!

    For an exciting,fun and challenging white water tours,Rafting the GRAND CANYON is here to help you plan the right tour for you. Whether you want to travel for two days or ten,hike in or not,go on an oar raft or motorized trip,we will help you find the trip that meets your needs.

    For those who will be vacationing on the off­season a trip on the Native American Red River rafting is available year around or a one ­day trip is available on the Colorado River from Diamond Creek to Pierce Ferry (about three hours from Las Vegas).

    Most of the trips depart from Lees Ferry,Arizona (approximately 21/2 hours from the south rim of the Grand Canyon).We offer partial trips which allow you to get on or off at Phantom Ranch located at the bottom of the Grand Canyon National Park South Rim. Requiring a hike in or out,with proper planning the horse ride up or down is also an option. Most trips occur between April and October.

    Since all rafting on the Colorado requires a permit,planning and reserving your trip requires reservations well in advance. Please let us know when you would like to go and we will contact all the river concessionaires (特许权获得者)to help you find the best trip for you.

    For planning your trip,questions,concerns or to make your reservations,please email or call the toll free number below. Since these trips are limited we highly recommend you make your reservations months in advance.

    To talk to a live person call us toll free:1­800­222­6966 or 702­655­6060

    If you have any questions regarding a trip,please CLICK_HERE to fill out our form. This will speed up the process of getting you accurate information regarding your trip.

    If you would like to send us an email other than about an up­coming trip you can contact us at info@raftingthegrandcanyon.com.

    We look forward to helping you plan your trip! (Please NO Travel Agents)

11.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

Rafting the GRAND CANYON Welcomes You!

    For an exciting,fun and challenging white water tours,Rafting the GRAND CANYON is here to help you plan the right tour for you. Whether you want to travel for two days or ten,hike in or not,go on an oar raft or motorized trip,we will help you find the trip that meets your needs.

    For those who will be vacationing on the off­season a trip on the Native American Red River rafting is available year around or a one ­day trip is available on the Colorado River from Diamond Creek to Pierce Ferry (about three hours from Las Vegas).

    Most of the trips depart from Lees Ferry,Arizona (approximately 21/2 hours from the south rim of the Grand Canyon).We offer partial trips which allow you to get on or off at Phantom Ranch located at the bottom of the Grand Canyon National Park South Rim. Requiring a hike in or out,with proper planning the horse ride up or down is also an option. Most trips occur between April and October.

    Since all rafting on the Colorado requires a permit,planning and reserving your trip requires reservations well in advance. Please let us know when you would like to go and we will contact all the river concessionaires (特许权获得者)to help you find the best trip for you.

    For planning your trip,questions,concerns or to make your reservations,please email or call the toll free number below. Since these trips are limited we highly recommend you make your reservations months in advance.

    To talk to a live person call us toll free:1­800­222­6966 or 702­655­6060

    If you have any questions regarding a trip,please CLICK_HERE to fill out our form. This will speed up the process of getting you accurate information regarding your trip.

    If you would like to send us an email other than about an up­coming trip you can contact us at info@raftingthegrandcanyon.com.

    We look forward to helping you plan your trip! (Please NO Travel Agents)

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5.填空题(共3题)

19.
二甲醚(CH3OCH3)是一种清洁燃料,能替代柴油作车用能源,具有广阔的市场前景.请回答下列问题:
(1)二甲醚属于   (填“酸”、“碱”、“盐”、“氧化物”或“有机物”中一种)。
(2)二甲醚的一个分子中,C、H、O三种原子的个数之比为   (填最简整数比)。
(3)二甲醚中,C、O两元素的质量之比为    (填最简整数比)。
(4)二甲醚可由合成气(CO和H2)在一定条件下制得.用合成气制二甲醚时,还产生了一种可参与大气循环的常温下为液体的氧化物,该反应的化学方程式是:   
20.
水是生命之源,生产之要,生活之基.泉城市民更要珍惜水、节约水、保护水.请完成下列问题:
(1)注意饮水安全,保证人体健康,在天然水净化过程中,人们常用活性炭去除异味和色素,这是利用活性炭的      性.
(2)若要测定大明湖水质的酸碱性强弱,最适宜的是(填序号)     
A.酚酞试液 B.pH试纸 C.石蕊试液
(3)水是最常用的溶剂.如图是甲、乙两种固体物质的溶解度曲线.

   ℃时,甲、乙两种物质的溶解度相等.
②t2℃时,将等质量的甲、乙两种物质加水溶解配制成饱和溶液,所得溶液质量的大小关系为:甲  乙(填“>”、“<”或“=”之一).
③把甲物质的不饱和溶液变为饱和溶液,下列有关说法正确的是   (填序号)
A.溶剂的质量一定变小 B.溶质的质量可能不变
C.溶质的质量分数一定变大    
A.溶液的质量一定变大.
21.
按要求从氢氧化铜、氧化镁、氯化钠、水、氧气中选择合适的物质.将其化学式填写在下列空格中.
(1)一种非金属单质:    
(2)一种非金属氧化物:   
(3)一种难溶的碱:      
(4)一种可溶的盐:   

6.实验题(共1题)

22.
某校化学实验小组的同学做了如下实验,请回答以下问题.

(1)图A所示实验可观察到“铁树”上浸有无色酚酞试液的棉团由白色变为   色,该实验中没有涉及的性质是   (填字母).
A.氨分子是不断运动的B.氨分子有一定质量C.浓氨水具有挥发性
(2)图B所示实验,将注射器中浓石灰水注入瓶中,会看到鸡蛋被“吞”入瓶中,该实验中涉及的化学方程式为   
(3)图C所示实验,当通过导管向热水中通入氧气时,白磷在水下燃烧,该实验说明燃烧需要的条件为:①可燃物;②达到燃烧所需要的最低温度;③  
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    科学探究题:(1道)

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(9道)

    填空题:(3道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:4

    9星难题:0