2012届山东省东阿县第二中学中考模拟1化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:295643

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2012/9/13

1.简答题(共1题)

1.
某胃药中含有氢氧化镁,如每片药品中含氢氧化镁0.29克。取该药品四片,与7.3克的盐酸恰好完全反应。
求:①每片药品中氢氧化镁物质的量;②反应消耗盐酸的质量分数。

2.单选题(共15题)

2.
不另选试剂,仅利用组内物质之间的相互反应,就能将它们鉴别出来的是
A.HCl CuCl2NaNO3Na2SO4B.BaCl2Na2CO3HCl K2CO3
C.FeCl3HCl NaCl NaOHD.Na2CO3Na2SO4HCl H2SO4
3.
   是煤气生产的重要反应之一,该反应中作氧化剂的
A.CB.H2OC.H2D.CO
4.
属于纯净物的是
A.粗盐B.天然气C.无水酒精D.空气
5.
地壳中含量最多的金属元素是(  )
A. O B. Al C. Si D. Fe
6.
属于稀有气体的是
A.N2B.O2C.H2D.He
7.
物质命名正确的是
A. H2S:硫酸     B. P 2O5 :五氧化二磷
C. FeO:氧化铁 D. CuSO4:硫酸铜晶体
8.
诺贝尔化学奖曾授于发现C60的三位科学家,现在C70也已制得,对C60和C70这两种物质的叙述错误的是
A.互为同素异形体
B.式量之差为120
C.是由碳元素组成
D.是两种新型的有机物
9.
能用于制备CO2的发生装置,且符合启普发生器工作原理的是(省略了夹持仪器)
A.B.C.D.
10.
下图是在一定量氢氧化钠溶液中不断加入盐酸的曲线图。纵坐标能表示的意义是
A.溶液温度变化B.生成氯化钠的质量
C.溶液中水的质量D.溶液中氯化氢的质量
11.
生活中一些物质的pH如下表所示, 其中显酸性的是(  )
 
番茄汁
糖水
牙膏
肥皂水
pH
4
7
9
10
 
A.番茄汁B.糖水C.牙膏D.肥皂水
12.
通过溶解、过滤能除去的杂质是(括号内为杂质)
A.CuO(C)B.CuSO4(NaOH)
C.KNO3(NaCl)D.MnO2(KCl)
13.
草木灰的主要成分是
A.K2SO4 B.K2CO3C.KHCO3D.KNO3
14.
观察现象是化学实验的重要环节,物质在氧气中燃烧的现象是
A.木炭:发出红光B.硫:发出淡蓝色火焰
C.红磷:产生白雾D.铁:火星四射
15.
取用块状大理石的仪器是
A.燃烧匙B.试管夹C.镊子D.纸槽
16.
某些化学物质在灼烧时,火焰呈特殊颜色,其中呈黄色的是
A.KClB.NaClC.CaCl2D.CuCl2

3.选择题(共19题)

17.

某市纺织厂200名下岗女工未经市公安部门允许的情况下,有组织地到市政府门前静坐示威,要求解决工作问题。她们不听公安人员劝阻,静坐时间长达20小时,阻碍交通,影响工作秩序。对此的正确认识是(    )

①她们在依法行使示威的自由权利       ②静坐示威是她们的自由权利,但未依法行使

③她们未依照法定程序行使自由权利    ④她们的方式和程序是合法的,但没有示威权

18.

MeiMei is       , she is liked by everyone around her.

19.

MeiMei is       , she is liked by everyone around her.

20.

They will have a party       the afternoon       June 1st.

21.

根据短文理解,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

    Do you know how to study 1 and make your study more effective ( 有效的)? We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long 2. This is very good, but it doesn't 3 a lot, for an effective student must have enough sleep ,enough food and enough rest and 4. Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. It's good for your 5.

    When you return  6 your studies, your mind will be refreshed(清醒)and you'll learn more 7 study better. Psychologists (心理学家) 8 that learning takes place this way. Here take English learning 9  an example. First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy. Then your language study seems 10 the same. So you will think you're learning  11 and you may give up. This can last for days or even weeks, yet you 12 give up, and at some point your language study will again take another big 13. You'll see that you really have been learning all along. If you get enough sleep, food, rest and exercise, studying, English can be very effective and  14. Don't give up along the way. Learn 15 you are sure to get a good result.

22.

根据短文理解,判断正误。

    The summer vacation is over. It's true that time always flies fast. During the vacation, the weather was hot and I could not do much work, but I lived happily.

As the afternoon was hot, I did my work in the morning. I used to get up at 6:30 and take a walk in the garden for half an hour. After breakfast, I began reading English and Chinese and did some exercises in math. Those took me three hours or more. I worked quite hard and made good progress.

    I spent the afternoon outside. I went to swim and it was funny. I would not go home until it was about five or six o'clock. Sometimes a friend of mine would come to see me and we would spend some hours listening to music.

    In this way I spent my vacation happily. And I not only studied well but also became a good swimmer. Now I am in good health and high spirits.

23.

社会青年杨某与人结成团伙,多次到学校恐吓学生,向学生索要钱物,如果遇到这种情况,应当选择的方法是(    )

24.

每个中国公民都应在依法享有权利的同时,自觉履行义务。这是因为(    )

①公民的权利和义务是密不可分的   ②公民的权利和义务都是相互结合的

③公民的权利和义务是相互促进的   ④权利和义务是没有区别的

25.

对公民的劳动权,我国宪法是这样规定的:“中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。”对这一规定理解有误的一项是(    )

26.

对公民的劳动权,我国宪法是这样规定的:“中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。”对这一规定理解有误的一项是(    )

27.

对公民的劳动权,我国宪法是这样规定的:“中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。”对这一规定理解有误的一项是(    )

28.

八年级学生小义说:“受教育是我的权利,我想上学就上学,我不想上学就不上。”对其说法评析正确的是(    )

①片面地强调自己享有的权利,忽视了自己应履行的法定义务  ②是法制观念和公民意识淡薄的表现

③割裂了权利和义务的一致性                                               ④违反了我国义务教育法的有关规定

29.

2015年12月14日,马先生从北京城乡超市苏州桥店购买到一袋过期9天的饼干,要求按照《食品安全法》赔偿,但是遭到超市拒绝。超市侵犯了马先生的(    )

①知情权      ②依法求偿权    ③公平交易权    ④自主选择权

30.

每个国家都有自己的风俗习惯,请你用英文介绍一下自己国家的风俗。要求:80词左右。

内容应包括:①Greeting people when you meet for the first time.

②Table manners.

③Rules in people's houses..

Customs in China

    Each country has its own customs. In China……

31.

每个国家都有自己的风俗习惯,请你用英文介绍一下自己国家的风俗。要求:80词左右。

内容应包括:①Greeting people when you meet for the first time.

②Table manners.

③Rules in people's houses..

Customs in China

    Each country has its own customs. In China……

32.

每个国家都有自己的风俗习惯,请你用英文介绍一下自己国家的风俗。要求:80词左右。

内容应包括:①Greeting people when you meet for the first time.

②Table manners.

③Rules in people's houses..

Customs in China

    Each country has its own customs. In China……

33.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

Dear Linda,

    I have been in England three months now. I hope you don't think I've forgotten you. There have been so many places to see and so many things to do that I've not had much time for writing letters.

    I shall soon be starting my studies at King's College. So far I've been learning about England and British ways of living. I won't tell you about London. There are plenty of books you can read and plenty of pictures you can look at. I'm sure you'll be more interested to know what I think about the life here.

    I find some of the customs new and interesting. People here do not shake hands as much as we do in Europe. During the first few weeks I was often surprised because people did not put out their hands when I met them. Men raise their hats to women but not to each other.

                                                                     Yours

                                                                      Alice

34.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    An old lady in a plane had a blanket(毯子)over her head and she did not want to take it off. The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lady said, “I have never been in a plane before, and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again!”

    Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well. ”But she continued to hide.

    So the captain turned and started to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the blanket with one eye and said, “I am sorry, young man, but I don't like planes and I am never going to fly again. But I'll say one thing,” She continued kindly, “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!”

35.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    An old lady in a plane had a blanket(毯子)over her head and she did not want to take it off. The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lady said, “I have never been in a plane before, and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again!”

    Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well. ”But she continued to hide.

    So the captain turned and started to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the blanket with one eye and said, “I am sorry, young man, but I don't like planes and I am never going to fly again. But I'll say one thing,” She continued kindly, “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!”

4.填空题(共3题)

36.
人类离不开水。
①下图水电解实验中,试管2中得到的气体是1)  ;自来水生产中通入氯气的作用是(2) ;家用净水器中装有活性炭,是因为它具有 (3)   性。

②水是重要的分散剂,熟石灰放入水中可以形成石灰乳,属于 (4)  (填”溶液”、“悬浊液”或“乳浊液”),石灰乳中除了水还含有的物质是 (5)    (填化学式)。
37.
右图是甲、乙两种物质的溶解度曲线。

①判断甲溶液在A点时处于 (15状态。
②t2℃时,溶解6g甲物质,至少需要(16)  g水。
③t2℃时,在烧杯中分别盛有等质量的甲、乙两种溶质的饱和溶液,从t2℃降温到t1℃时,对烧杯中剩余溶液描述正确的是(17)  
Ⅰ.溶质的质量分数:甲>乙
Ⅱ.析出固体的质量:甲>乙
Ⅲ.甲是饱和溶液,乙是不饱和溶液
Ⅳ.溶剂的质量:甲=乙
38.
选择“低碳生活”,减少二氧化碳排放,是每位公民应尽的责任和义务。
①生活中少用10个塑料袋可以减少约0.02molCO2排放。CO2的摩尔质量是 6 ;它属于 7 氧化物(填“酸性”或“碱性”)。 0.02molCO2约含有 8 个CO2分子。
②“低碳交通”鼓励使用新能源,氢能是最清洁的能源,写出氢气燃烧的化学方程式
9  。
③回收可利用的资源,如旧手机中的金属。手机机芯中含有铜、金、银等。写出银的化学式 10  。下图是实验室制取金属铜的流程图:

Ⅰ.氧化铜与盐酸反应的化学方程式是 11
Ⅱ.溶液A的溶质组成是 12
Ⅲ.在固体B中加入过量的 13  溶液,再通过 14  的分离方法得到金属铜。

5.实验题(共2题)

39.
右图是初中化学常见的一套实验装置。

①仪器a的名称是  (1)    
②用该套装置可以完成加热胆矾的实验,写出反应中固体颜色的变化(2)   
③如该装置添加导管后能完成氢气还原氧化铜的实验。选出完成该实验所要添加的导管是(3) (填编号),导管应伸入到试管(4) 部。写出有关反应方程式 (5)  

A.
 
④足量的氢气还原氧化铜,反应结束立即取出固体,发现其中还混有黑色粉末,分析产生此现象的主要原因   (6。⑤氢气还原氧化铜的装置不适用于一氧化碳还原氧化铜的实验,理由是  
(7)   
⑥该装置添加带橡皮塞的导管后还可用于实验室制取氧气,写出该化学反应方程式
   (8;用排空气法收集一瓶氧气,验满的方法是    (9
40.
氢氧化钠是一种重要的化工原料。
①少量氢氧化钠可用石灰石、水、纯碱(Na2CO3)为原料制取,流程如下:

Ⅰ.用化学方程式表示白色固体加入纯碱溶液后所有发生的化学反应_________。
Ⅱ.滤液中存在少量的Na2CO3,用适量__________试剂可以去除该物质。
②为测定某部分变质的氢氧化钠固体中氢氧化钠的质量分数,设计以下装置进行实验(假设每步实验都完全进行,浓硫酸具有吸水性)。

Ⅰ. 要确定该样品中氢氧化钠的质量分数,所需要的数据是_________
A固体样品的质量
B浓硫酸实验前后质量
C浓氢氧化钠溶液实验前后质量
D所用稀硫酸质量
E仪器D中氢氧化钠固体实验前后质量
F稀硫酸质量分数
Ⅱ. D装置的作用是________。没有D装置对氢氧化钠质量分数的测定结果影响是________(填“偏大”“偏小”或“不变”)。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(1道)

    单选题:(15道)

    选择题:(19道)

    填空题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:4

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:4

    9星难题:1