2014届上海市闵行区中考二模化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:295510

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/5/5

1.计算题(共1题)

1.
为了测定实验室中一瓶部分变质为碳酸钠的氢氧化钠固体的纯度,兴趣小组的同学取样10g,配制成溶液后,滴加盐酸至过量,收集到0.02mol的气体。试计算:
(1)样品中碳酸钠的质量是    克(根据化学方程式计算)。
(2)样品中氢氧化钠的纯度为   

2.科学探究题(共1题)

2.
某化学兴趣小组的同学学习了“灭火器原理”后,设计了如图所示实验,并对反应后瓶中残留废液进行探究。

(提出问题)废液中所含溶质是什么?
(猜想与假设)
猜想1:废液中的溶质可能是NaCl、Na2CO3和HCl
猜想2:废液中的溶质只有NaCl
猜想3:废液中的溶质是NaCl和HCl
猜想4:废液中的溶质是
(讨论与交流)小明认为猜想1无需验证就知道是错误的,他的理由是    
(实验与结论)
(1)为验证猜想3成立:根据盐酸性质,小王选择如图五种不同类别物质,其中X可以是 (填一种具体物质名称或化学式)。

小勇取少量于试管,滴加AgNO3溶液,产生白色沉淀,
再加稀硝酸沉淀不溶解,于是小勇认为猜想3正确,请你评价小勇的结论:
(2)小丽为验证猜想4成立,可选择的试剂是     
(3)处理废液,回收利用:欲从猜想4的废液中得到纯净NaCl晶体,小芳设计了如下方案:在废液中加入适量Ca(NO3)2溶液,过滤、对滤液蒸发结晶。请评价该方案是否可行?理由

3.单选题(共17题)

3.
生活中常见的一些现象,不涉及化学变化的是
A.煤气燃烧B.米酒变酸C.冰镇啤酒D.大米霉变
4.
在反应:3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2中,还原剂是
A. CO B. Fe2O3     C. Fe D. CO2
5.
物质按氧化物、混合物、有机物顺序排列的是
A.生石灰、煤、二氧化硫
B.干冰、空气、甲烷
C.水、汽水、纯碱
D.胆矾、大理石、酒精
6.
下列常见的物质中,属于纯净物的是(  )
A.啤酒B.食醋C.加碘食盐D.蒸馏水
7.
铝是地壳中含量最多的金属元素,其元素符号是
A. Cl B. Al C. Si D. Ag
8.
意大利科学家最近获得了极具理论研究价值的N4分子。有关N4说法正确的是
A.1个N4分子由2个N2分子构成
B.N4是一种混合物
C.N4和N2互为同素异形体
D.N4的式量为56g
9.
含有稀土元素的萤石,主要成分氟化钙(CaF2)中氟元素的化合价为
A. +1 B. +2 C. -1 D. -2
10.
关于摩尔质量说法正确的是(  )
A. 水的摩尔质量是18g
B. 2 mol水的摩尔质量是1mol水的摩尔质量的2倍
C. 任何物质的摩尔质量都等于它的相对原子质量或相对分子质量
D. H2的相对分子质量、1 mol H2的质量、H2的摩尔质量在数值上是相等的
11.
近期许多城市出现雾霾天气,形成雾霾是空气中PM2.5含量的增加。PM2.5指的是
A.SO2B.COC.NO2D.可吸入颗粒物
12.
我市中考实行网上阅卷.答题时必须用2B铅笔填涂答题卡,2B铅笔芯的主要成分是
A.石墨B.金刚石C.木炭D.C60
13.
实验操作和目的对应关系不正确的是
A.加热试管时,先均匀加热后集中加热——防止试管炸裂
B.点燃氢气前,一定要先检验氢气的纯度——防止发生爆炸
C.用双氧水制氧气时,加入少量二氧化锰——增加氧气生成的量
D.铁丝在氧气中燃烧时,集气瓶底部放少量水——吸收热量
14.
关于溶液的说法正确的是
A.将植物油与水混合形成溶液
B.气体、液体、固体均可作溶质
C.配制溶液时搅拌可增大溶质的溶解度
D.将10%的氢氧化钾溶液倒出一半,剩余溶液溶质质最分数为5%
15.
化学使生活更美好。下列做法不可行的是
A.用酚酞检验氢氧化钠溶液和碳酸钠溶液
B.用食醋除水垢
C.用熟石灰可降低土壤酸性
D.用生石灰作食品干燥剂
16.
实验现象和对应结论的描述正确的是
A.在某固体中滴加盐酸,有气泡产生——该固体一定含碳酸盐
B.在某无色溶液中滴入紫色石蕊溶液,溶液变成蓝色——该溶液一定是碱溶液
C.将氢氧化钠固体放入稀盐酸中,放出热量——该化学反应一定是放热反应
D.一定温度下往氢氧化钙饱和溶液中加入氧化钙——溶质、溶剂的质量一定改变
17.
一些生活中的物质,酸性最强的是
A.柠檬汁pH=2B.食盐水pH=7C.牙膏pH=8D.肥皂水pH=10
18.
实验基本操作方法正确的是
A.AB.BC.CD.D
19.
如图是用排空气法收集气体的装置,可用来收集H2、O2、CO2中的
A.H2B.H2和CO2
C.O2和CO2D.H2、CO2、O2均可

4.选择题(共17题)

20.          only takes about fifteen minutes to get to the station by car.
21.The rain beat         her face as she walked through the wind and rain.
22.Mum, can you cut          a few after-school activities for me? I feel too tired.
23.—What a surprise it is that you've hiked on Mount Tai! 

— I didn't believe I could do it          I got to the top.

24.

阅读下文,回答相关问题

                                                                                                               五柳先生传
                                                                                                                   陶渊明
        先生不知何许人也,亦不详其姓字。宅边有五柳树,因以为号焉。闲静少言,不慕荣利。好读书,不求甚解;每有会意,便欣然忘食。性嗜酒,家贫不能常得。亲旧知其如此,或置酒而招之;造饮辄尽,期在必醉。既醉而退,曾不吝情去留。环堵萧然,不蔽风日,短褐穿结,箪瓢屡空,晏如也。常著文章自娱,颇示己志。忘怀得失,以此自终。
        赞曰:黔娄有言:“不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵。”其言兹若人之俦乎?衔觞赋诗,以乐其志,无怀氏之民欤?葛天氏之民欤

25.Either Mary          Jim is coming to the party this evening.
26.Either Mary          Jim is coming to the party this evening.
27.Either Mary          Jim is coming to the party this evening.
28.She doesn't        staying at home alone.
29.She doesn't        staying at home alone.
30.阅读理解

    Do teenagers in small villages do chores at home? How about the teenagers in big cities? Here is a survey. We asked 4,000 teenagers in China several questions. Half of them come from big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The others are from small villages. We made a diagram of the result of our survey. Let's have a look at it. We found out that teenagers from small villages do more chores than those from big cities. Maybe it is because they live a harder life. Our advice to parents in big cities is that parents should give their children some chores to do. Doing chores teaches teenagers to take care of themselves.

    Chores 2000 teenagers in small villages.

    Chores 2000 teenagers in big cities

Chores

2000 teenagers in small villages

2000 teenagers in big cities

Take out the trash

1600

1000

Sweep the floor

1200

850

Make the bed

1400

750

Do the dishes

1100

600

Fold the clothes

900

1500

31. 书面表达:   
       Peter 所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场地震。很幸运,地震并不大,他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Peter,根据下面表格描述一下地震发生时家里人的活动情景,70词左右。

I

Take a shower

My mother

Clean the kitchen

My father

Watch TV

My elder sister Alice

Work on the computer

32.Mr. Black talked about his son with the teacher           the phone.
33.          some milk in the cup.
34.— What's the weather like today?

— It's          hot.

35.完形填空。

    An interesting thing happened to me last Sunday. The weather was so fine that I decided to 1 in the country. On my way home, my car stopped. It ran out of gasoline(汽油). I decided to   walk along the road until I found someone who could sell me some gasoline. I had walked a long way before I found a big2near the road. I was3 to see it because it was getting dark. I knocked at the door and an old lady came out. She said, “I've been waiting for you for a long time. Come in, please. I got 4 ready for you.” I was very surprised.

    “Oh, Tony! You used to love tea.”

    I told her my car ran out of gasoline, 5she didn't seem to hear me. She was talking so strangely that I wanted to6. As soon as she went to get the tea, I went out of the house as quickly as possible.

    I was so happy when I saw 7 house by the road. When I told the man about the old lady, he said, “Oh, that's Helen. She lives by8  in that big house. She's strange, but she wouldn't hurt anyone. She is still 9 for the man whom she was going to marry 25 years ago. The man was named Tony. The day before they got married, he went away and 10came back.”

36.短文综合填空。

    Do you have a pen friend? Do you still remember the time {#blank#}1{#/blank#}you began to write to each other? Are you still writing to each other now? Let's read a  {#blank#}2{#/blank#}of a pair of pen friends.

    Audrey Sims and Norma Frati are pen friends. Sims is from Australia, and Frati is from America. They {#blank#}3{#/blank#}to write to each other over 70 years ago, because their teachers {#blank#}4{#/blank#}them to write a letter as part of a pen friend program in school. They wrote more than 3,000 {#blank#}5{#/blank#}in the past years, {#blank#}6{#/blank#}Sims and her friend Frati had never met each other until 2013. Sims was 83 years old and Frati was 87. Last year Sims came to America to visit her old pen friend for the {#blank#}7{#/blank#}time.

    “I think we are {#blank#}8{#/blank#}to each other. We're both married and divorced(离婚)and married again, and it's almost the same,” said Sims. {#blank#}9{#/blank#}Sims and Frati love flowers and they planned to visit some gardens together in America. And the two women said that when Sims went back to {#blank#}10{#/blank#}, they would keep on writing.

5.填空题(共3题)

37.
能源、环境与人类的生活和社会发展密切相关。
(1)目前,人类以化石燃料为主要能源,常见的化石燃料包括煤、石油和  ⑸  ,该物质主要成分燃烧的化学方程式是 ⑹     
(2)科学家预言,氢能源将成为21世纪的主要绿色能源,而水是自然界中广泛存在的物质,请写出由水获取氢气的化学方程式
(3)为减少污染、提高煤的利用率,可在一定条件下将其转化为可燃性气体,此过程可认为是碳与水的反应,其微观示意图如下所示:

该反应的化学方程式是    ,基本反应类型为   
(4)为了减轻对化石燃料的依赖,许多国家在燃油中添加酒精(C2H5OH)。酒精中含有   种元素,碳氢氧元素的原子个数比为 ,碳氢元素的质量比为 ,0.5mol酒精中约含有  个氢原子;
(5)“绿色化学”的特点之一是“零排放”。一定条件下,一氧化碳和氢气可以按照不同比例反应,若只生成一种产物就能实现“零排放”,符合这一要求的产物是   (填字母序号)。
Ⅰ.甲醇(CH4O)Ⅱ.甲醛(CH2O) Ⅲ.乙醇(C2H6O) Ⅳ.乙醛(C2H4O)
38.
化学语言使我们与世界的交流更便捷。请用化学符号填空:
(1)空气中含量最多的气体
(2)“雪碧”中的一种酸
(3)草木灰主要成分是
(4)一种有毒气体,可用于铁的冶炼    
39.
甲图是氯化钠在水中的溶解度曲线,乙图是硝酸钾在水中的溶解度曲线,丙图是氯化钠在某有机溶剂中的溶解度曲线。

请将甲图分别与上述其它曲线对比,回答下列问题:
(1)由甲、丙得出影响固体物质溶解度的因素是
(2)由甲、乙得出影响固体物质溶解度的因素是  。因此欲除去硝酸钾溶液中混有的少量氯化钠溶液可采用  方法。
(3)40℃时,在50g水中加入30g硝酸钾,所得溶液是 (填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液,此时溶液的质量分数是 ;若将该溶液从40℃降温到0℃时,析出硝酸钾晶体质量为 g。

6.实验题(共2题)

40.
如图是实验室制取气体的一些装置,据图回答有关问题:

(1)指定仪器的名称:a ;b
(2)实验室要制取较纯净氧气的装置是 (填字母),其化学方程式是
(3)能用于制备CO2的发生装置,且符合启普发生器工作原理的是(省略了夹持仪器)  (填序号)。

若有装置达不到启普发生器的效果,则应如何改进?(若没有则可以不填;若有多套装置则选一套回答),我选择装置     (填序号),改进方法为     
41.
某无色气体中可能含有一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氢气、氮气中的一种或几种,现将该气体依次通过下图所示装置,观察到:Ⅰ:A装置内未见浑浊出现;Ⅱ:D装置内无水硫酸铜变蓝;Ⅲ:E装置无明显现象;最终收集到一定量干燥气体(假设每步反应都是完全的)。

请回答下列问题:
(1)由Ⅰ可知原混合气体中肯定不含   
(2)由Ⅱ 可以得出的结论是     
(3)最终收集到的气体是
(4)为了确定该混合气体的最终组成,还需补充的实验或改进的操作是    
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(1道)

    科学探究题:(1道)

    单选题:(17道)

    选择题:(17道)

    填空题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:9

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:7