2014届上海市宝山区、嘉定区中考二模化学试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:295462

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/5/5

1.单选题(共19题)

1.
有新物质生成的变化是
A.海水晒盐 B.牛奶制酸奶C.液态空气制氧D.干冰气化
2.
硝酸银在光照条件下发生反应2AgNO32Ag+O2↑+2X↑,则X的化学式是
A.NO2B.N2O3C.N2OD.N2
3.
碳、一氧化碳和氢气分别跟灼热氧化铜反应,下列说法正确的是
A.上述反应都属于置换反应
B.反应中铜元素在固体中质量分数逐渐增大
C.都可采用相同的实验装置
D.反应后产物中的氧都来自于氧化铜中的氧
4.
化学方程式书写正确的是
A. CO+ CuOCu + CO2
B. Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3↓+H2O
C. 2H2OH2↑+O2
D. Na2CO3+H2SO4→NaSO4+H2O+CO2
5.
下列各组溶液不另加试剂就能鉴别的是
A.NaOH、CuSO4、Ca(OH)2、KNO3
B.Na2CO3、HCl、BaCl2、AgNO3
C.HCl、KOH、H2SO4、MgCl2
D.NaCl、Fe2(SO43、KCl、Ba(OH)2
6.
下图是某反应过程在同一容器中反应前后物质种类的微观示意图。下列说法正确的是
A.甲、丁都是氧化物B.该反应是置换反应
C.该反应是复分解反应D.该反应中甲、乙的物质的量之比为1:1
7.
在炼钢中会发生如下反应:2FeO +Si2Fe + SiO2,该反应中作还原剂的是
A.FeOB.SiC.FeD.SiO2
8.
下列物质中属于纯净物的是
A.加碘食盐B.盐酸C.大理石D.胆矾
9.
硫元素的化合价为+4的物质是
A. H2S B. S   C. SO2 D. SO3
10.
下列说法正确的是
A.1摩尔氧中约含有6.02×l023个O2
B.1摩尔CO2含有2个氧原子
C.1摩尔CO2的质量为44克/摩尔
D.1摩尔任何物质都约含6.02×l023个微粒
11.
用分子、原子的相关知识解释中正确的是
A.金刚石和石墨的物理性质不同,是因为构成物质的原子不同
B.水结成冰,体积发生变化,说明水分子的大小发生了变化
C.氧气需加压后贮存钢瓶中,说明氧分子间有间隙
D.双氧水分解能生成氧气,说明双氧水分子中含有氧分子
12.
物质的用途与性质对应正确的是
A.稀有气体制霓虹灯——稀有气体化学性质稳定
B.盐酸用于除铁锈——盐酸能与碱性氧化物反应
C.一氧化碳可用于冶炼金属——一氧化碳有可燃性
D.熟石灰用来改良酸性土壤——熟石灰微溶于水
13.
下列各图象不能正确反映各对应变化的是(  )
A.向一定量的氢氧化钠溶液中滴加稀盐酸
B.一定量的石灰石与足量的稀盐酸反应
C.向一定量盐酸和硫酸钠的混合溶液中,滴加氢氧化钡溶液
D.相等质量的镁和铁分别与足量的10%稀硫酸反应
14.
下列除杂方案中(括号中物质是除去杂质所用试剂和方法),正确的是
A.N2中混有O 2(通过红热的木炭)
B.烧碱中混有纯碱(加适量稀盐酸、蒸发)
C.HCl溶液中混有H2SO4(加适量的硝酸钡溶液并过滤)
D.CaO中混有CaCO3(高温煅烧)
15.
在一定的条件下,与氢氧化钠溶液、碳酸钾溶液、氧化铜、锌和氯化钡溶液五种物质均能发生反应的是
A.稀盐酸B.硫酸铜溶液C.稀硫酸D.二氧化碳
16.
实验操作正确的是
A. 收集氧气B.称量氢氧化钠固体C. 测定某溶液的pHD. 加热液体
17.
物质分散到足量的水中能形成无色溶液的是
A.硝酸银B.硫酸铜C.氯化银D.氧化铁
18.
工业上常将固体燃料粉碎或把液体燃料喷成雾状再燃烧,其目的是
A.增加空气中氧气的体积分数B.降低可燃物的着火点
C.延迟燃料燃烧的时间D.增加燃料与氧气的接触面积
19.
有关实验现象的描述正确的是
A.镁带在空气中燃烧发出耀眼的白光
B.硫在氧气中燃烧生成有刺激性气味二氧化硫
C.红磷在氧气中燃烧产生大量的白雾
D.木炭在氧气中燃烧生成黑色固体

2.选择题(共23题)

20.Students should learn how         problems.
21.Could you go and ________ the new books for me?
22.Could you go and ________ the new books for me?
23.Where's Beijing? It‘s in _____.
24.Where's Beijing? It‘s in _____.
25.Where's Beijing? It‘s in _____.
26.—Mike, where's today's newspaper?

—Well, you don't need to read it because there is _____in it.

27.A number of ______are on in the museum. Let's see them tomorrow.
28.A number of ______are on in the museum. Let's see them tomorrow.
29.Don't be lazy,_____ you will fail the exams.
30.He has worked in this school for many years, _______ he?
31.—___________ ?

—It's cloudy.

32.—___________ ?

—It's cloudy.

33.—___________ ?

—It's cloudy.

34.短文填空,请用适当的词完成下面的短文,每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

    Trees are useful to man in three very important ways. The first important way is that they provide man {#blank#}1{#/blank#} food, wood and other products(产品). Trees provide man and animals with food to live {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the earth. It's not easy {#blank#}3{#/blank#} man to live on the earth without trees.

    The {#blank#}4{#/blank#} important way is that trees give us shade(树荫). On a hot summer day, people can have {#blank#}5{#/blank#}rest under the shade of a tree after they have walked a long way. You can imagine(想象) {#blank#}6{#/blank#} important the shade of a tree is to man and animals.

    The third important {#blank#}7{#/blank#} is that trees help to prevent droughts(干旱)and floods. However, in many parts of the world, man has {#blank#}8{#/blank#} realized the third important way. He has cut {#blank#}9{#/blank#}trees in large numbers.{#blank#}10{#/blank#} the end, he finds that he has lost his best friends.

35.Pork is healthy ______ and tea is a healthy ______.
36.The doctor told me to eat more _______ because it's good for my health.
37.— Where _____ your math teacher from?

— England.

38.______ 8: 00 now. Let's ______ our Chinese.
39.Our English teacher often says to us, “        English well is very important. ”
40.补全对话,根据对话内容,从方框中选择适当的句子填入空白处,使对话完整。(有两项多余)

A: You must be really excited about leaving for America tomorrow, Li Ping!

B: Yeah.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

A: Nervous about what?

B:I don't know many of the customs and manners in the USA.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

A: Sure.

B:{#blank#}3{#/blank#}

A: Well, it's important to be on time when you're invited for dinner.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}Americans expect their guests to be on time.

B: Then how long may I stay there?

A:{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Or you seem to have come only for the meal. When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of things, it's time to leave. The next day, call or write a thank-you note to say how much you enjoyed the evening.

A. It's good to stay at home for you.

B. After the meal, don't leave at once.

C. Could you give me a hand?

D. What rules do they have in America?

E. But I'm a bit nervous.

F. You're supposed to leave before the meal.

G. It's impolite to arrive late.

41.以“My school”为题,写一篇60-70字的文章,主要内容包括:
                                                                              1)你的学校位于什么地方;
                                                                              2)校园景色如何,有哪些建筑物;
                                                                              3)你对同学和老师们的感受如何。
42.阅读理解

    The aim (目的) of students who come to school is to study. But studying requires (需要) a right way, or you waste either the time or the money. The following are the ways of studying.

    The best time for reading is morning, because in the morning, the air is fresh and the mind is clear. For that reason, we can get good results (结果).

In studying we must have patience (耐心). If we have not known a text well, we must read it again. We shouldn't read the next one till we have understood the first one.

    When we are studying, we must put our hearts into the book, or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading.

    We must always ask “whys”. If it is not well understood, write it down and ask our teachers, parents, or friends. In any possible way, we must know it completely and what we've leaned can be used well and made better.

    Though there are many ways for studying, yet the above mentioned (提到的) will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so.

3.填空题(共4题)

43.
生活中处处有化学,通过学习已经知道:
①空气中体积分数为78%的气体的化学式是
②活性炭用于去除冰箱中异味,是利用活性炭的 性。
③在炒菜时,若将食盐或食盐水溅到煤气的火焰上,火焰就呈 色。
④农业上尿素是一种常用的氮肥,化学式是CO(NH22。它由    种元素组成,尿素的摩尔质量为
44.
下图是我们研究常见物质组成、性质的几个实验:

①实验1:写出该反应的化学方程式
②实验2:该实验证明水是由     组成的化合物。
③CO2与NaOH溶液反应无明显现象,为证明其反应,设计实验3。可观察到的实验现象是塑料瓶变瘪了,其原理是利用   。有同学却对此提出质疑,他认为上述实验不严谨,其理由是 ,要得到科学严谨的结论,仍利用该装置,补做的对比实验是将氢氧化钠溶液换成 ,与加入氢氧化钠溶液的实验现象进行对比。
若用检验生成物的方法证明二氧化碳与氢氧化钠发生反应,所用的试剂是   
45.
某小组在探究铁、铜、镁、银的金属活动性顺序时,做了如下三个实验(所用金属的形状与大小和稀盐酸的用量均相同):

①通过实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ可比较出镁和铁的金属活动性强弱。你认为他们依据的实验现象是 。写出实验Ⅰ中反应的化学方程式:   
②通过观察到实验Ⅲ的现象可得出的结论是  
③上述三个实验不能够得出四种金属的活动性顺序。探究小组在上述实验的基础上,补充了一个实验(如图所示),实现了探究目的。他们的实验:金属X、Y溶液分别是
46.
下表是Ca(OH)2和NaOH的溶解度数据。请回答下列问题:
温度/℃
0
20
40
80
100
溶解度/
g/100g水
Ca(OH)2
0.173
0.165
0.121
0.094
0.076
NaOH
31
91
111
313
336
 
①从上表数据可以看出,氢氧化钙的溶解度随温度的升高而________________。
②40℃时,将20g水配成氢氧化钠饱和溶液,需氢氧化钠的质量为______克。若将40℃时422克的氢氧化钠饱和溶液稀释为20%的溶液,需加水__________克。
③80℃时含有Ca(OH)2和NaOH两种溶质的饱和溶液,若要从中得到较纯净的NaOH晶体,应采取的物理方法是________________。
④现有20℃时Ca(OH)2的饱和溶液(甲溶液),向其中加入一定量CaO后得到的溶液(乙溶液),此时甲乙两杯溶液中_________。

A甲的溶质的质量分数与乙的相同
B甲的溶质的质量分数大于乙的
C甲的溶质的质量小于乙的
D甲、乙都是饱和溶液

4.实验题(共1题)

47.
下图是实验室制取气体、探究物质组成的常用装置。

请回答下列问题:
Ⅰ.仪器①的名称是 ,仪器②的名称是
Ⅱ.在A装置中加入双氧水溶液和二氧化锰制取氧气,该反应的化学方程式为    
Ⅲ.为了验证某混合气体是由H2、CO和H2O(气体)组成,设计上述实验,实验中B装置的作用是 ;证明有一氧化碳存在的实验现象是 ;若将装置D、E顺序对换,会导致
Ⅳ.下列装置中能制取二氧化碳,并能控制反应的发生与停止,但与启普发生器原理不相同的装置是   
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(19道)

    选择题:(23道)

    填空题:(4道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:9

    9星难题:1