2011年初中毕业升学考试(湖北黄石卷)化学部分

适用年级:初三
试卷号:293752

试卷类型:中考真题
试卷考试时间:2011/10/28

1.推断题(共1题)

1.
图14中字母A~I分别表示不同的常见物质。“→”表示物质间存在转化关
系,部分反应条件和部分生成物已略去。

请回答下列问题:
(1)反应①的基本反应类型为____________。
(2)写出与A具有相同元素组成的另一种物质的名称和其一种用途:名称_______用途
_____________。
(3)写出C、G的化学式:C_____________ G______________。
(4)写出反应②的化学方程式:______________________。

2.科学探究题(共1题)

2.
碳酸氢钠常用于食品和医药工业、某化学兴趣小组对碳酸氢钠的热稳定性
进行探究。
[查阅资料]碳酸氢钠受热易完全分解,生成水、二氧化碳气体和一种常见固体物质,该固体物质含有三种元素,且为纯净物。
[进行实验一]为了验证碳酸氢钠受热时会分解,该兴趣小组的同学取一定质量的碳酸氢钠放到铜片上加热,如图1 6所示。

加热一段时间后,观察小烧杯内壁有_______________现象,证明有水生成;通过向烧杯中加入澄清石灰水证明有CO2生成。
[提出问题]碳酸氢钠充分加热后固体产物是什么?
[作出猜想]猜想Ⅰ:固体产物是Na2CO3
猜想Ⅱ:_____________________(请完成猜想Ⅱ)。
[进行实验二]下表是该兴趣小组同学设计的实验方案,用来检验碳酸氢钠分解后固体产物的成分。请你完成方案:
实验操作
预期实验现象
结论
________________
____________
猜想Ⅱ结论不正确
取少量固体样品于试管中,加入足量盐酸
_____________
猜想Ⅰ结论正确
 
[拓展应用]碳酸氢钠常用来治疗胃酸过多,但对于患有胃溃疡(胃黏膜溃烂)的病人在胃酸(可用盐酸表示)过多时,却不宜服用碳酸氢钠,其原因是_______________________(用化学方程式表示)。

3.计算题(共1题)

3.
钠与水反应生成NaOH和H2,现向95.6克水中加入4.6克钠,充分反应(有水剩余)。求:(1)生成NaOH的质量是多少?_______
(2)反应后溶液中溶质的质量分数是多少?___________

4.单选题(共16题)

4.
下列诗句中不涉及化学变化的是
A.爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖人屠苏B.只要工夫深,铁杵磨成针
C.千锤万凿出深山,烈火焚身若等闲D.野火烧不尽,春风吹又生
5.
将20克甲、5克乙、8克丙三种纯净物混合,在密闭容器中加热发生化学反应,
经分析可知:反应后混合物中含有5克甲、16克丙,还含有一种新物质丁。则丁物质的质
量是
A.12gB.9gC.4gD.17g
6.
“绿色化学”要求生产尽可能不产生废物,即实现“废物零排放”。下列反应类型最容易实现“绿色化学”要求的是
A.复分解反应B.分解反应C.化合反应D.置换反应
7.
“可燃冰”(CH4·nH2O)是在海底的高压低温条件下形成的,外观像冰。下面关
于“可燃冰”叙述正确的是
A.CH4·nH2O是氧化物B.“可冰燃”是一种比较清洁的能源
C.“可燃冰”提供了水可能变成油的证据D.“可燃冰”可直接拿回家作为燃料使用
8.
下列物质按照单质、混合物、氧化物的顺序排列的是
A.水银、硬水、水B.石墨、熟石灰、生石灰
C.氨气、空气、消石灰D.冰、醋酸、干冰
9.
根据下列三种微粒结构示意图,所获取信息不正确的是
A.②③化学性质相同B.它们表示两种元素
C.①表示的是原子,②表示的是离子D.②表示的元素是金属元素
10.
下列说法正确的是
A.质子数相同的微粒一定是同种元素B.酸性溶液一定是酸的溶液
C.某温度下的浓溶液一定是饱和溶液D.生铁比纯铁硬
11.
已知某化合物的化学式为Na2BeO2,则铍元素(Be)的化合价为
A.+lB.+2C.+3D.+4
12.
下列有关化学与生活的说法中,正确的是
A.合成纤维、合成橡胶和合金等都是有机合成材料
B.为了使养分还田而将植物秸秆焚烧处理
C.随意丢弃不可降解的废旧塑料袋,会造成“白色污染”
D.对于人体的必需元素,摄入量越多,越有利于人体健康
13.
“归纳与比较”是化学学习的重要方法,下列关于CO2与CO的不同点的归纳与比较中,不正确的是
A.组成:一个二氧化碳分子比一个一氧化碳分子多一个氧原子
B.性质:CO2能溶于水,水溶液呈酸性;CO难溶于水,但能燃烧
C.用途:CO2可用于光合作用、灭火等;CO可做气体燃料,还可用于人工降雨
D.危害:CO2会造成温室效应;CO易与血液中的血红蛋白结合引起中毒
14.
下列关于水的认识正确的是
A.使用无磷洗衣粉有利于防止水体富营养化
B.物质溶解于水时都会放热
C.水电解产生氢气和氧气,说明水分子中含有氢分子和氧分子
D.生活中通过活性炭吸附、过滤可以使硬水软化
15.
食品包装袋中经常使用到铝箔,铝能制成铝箔是因为铝具有良好的
A.导电性B.抗腐蚀性C.导热性D.延展性
16.
甲、乙两种不含结晶水的固体物质的溶解度曲线如图1所示。下列说法正确的是
A.20℃时甲物质的溶解度为60克
B.升高温度可使不饱和的甲溶液变为饱和
C.将45℃时甲、乙的饱和溶液分别降温到t℃时,两溶液均析出晶体
D.t℃时,甲、乙两物质的溶解度相等
17.
下列实验操作或记录正确的是
A.稀释浓硫酸时,将水沿烧杯壁慢慢倒入浓硫酸中,并用玻璃棒不断搅拌
B.打开装有浓盐酸的试剂瓶,可看到白烟
C.用托盘天平称取5.4g氯化钠
D.测溶液pH值时,将待测液倾倒在pH试纸上,将pH试纸的颜色与标准比色卡比较即可
18.
已知:氯化银(白色)、碳酸银(白色)、碳酸钙(白色)、氢氧化铜(蓝色)都难溶于水。
下列溶液分别跟氯化铜溶液、稀盐酸、碳酸钠溶液反应,并产生不同现象的是
A.NaOHB.硫酸C.AgNO3D.Ca(OH)2
19.
古语道“人要实,火要虚”,其中“火要虚”的意思是说:燃烧木柴时,通常架
空些,才能燃烧得更旺。“火要虚”的实质是
A.散热的速度加快B.增大木柴与空气的接触面积
C.木柴的着火点降低D.提高空气中氧气的含量

5.选择题(共19题)

20.
when, make, easy, start, for, more, think, hard, newspaper, from, return, talk

    Being outgoing is good for your life. Those who are {#blank#}1{#/blank#} outgoing like to meet lots of people and have more fun in life. In fact, being outgoing is not so {#blank#}2{#/blank#} as you think. Even shy people can be very outgoing.
    You can{#blank#}3{#/blank#} becoming outgoing with your best friend or a group of friends. But the real challenge (挑战) comes {#blank#}4{#/blank#} you meet strange people or new friends. Smile more, and usually they will {#blank#}5{#/blank#}  you a smile. In this way, you may have some talks.
Start a{#blank#}6{#/blank#} . Just a simple "Hello" or " How is it going" is a good Start. If you want to make interesting talks, you should read news in{#blank#}7{#/blank#} and prepare your views, or surf the Internet
{#blank#}8{#/blank#} new information and then keep that in mind.
    The {#blank#}9{#/blank#}  way to become more outgoing is to go out. This is also the most important step (步骤). Go to a park, beach, club, party or any other place that you {#blank#}10{#/blank#} can be fun, and you may make new friends there.

21.
Welcome to the zoo
Opening time:                                          Price:
From Monday to Friday                            Adults: ¥20
8:30 a.m.-5:30 p. m.                               Children: ¥10
On Saturday& Sunday
8:30a.m.-6:00 p.m.
Location: Chongqing Street, Laoshan District(区), Qingdao City


22.

   Mr. George works at the school lost and found. He works very carefully. Every day, when he gets a lost thing, he takes notes about it. There are pens, books, school uniforms, keys, walkmans and many other things in the lost and found. Most of them are the students’. If you lose your things, it’s easy for you to go to the lost and found for help. But you must tell Mr. George what it is and its color and the day when you can’t find it. I think Mr. George is very helpful, and you will be happy when you find the lost there.

23.

   Mr. George works at the school lost and found. He works very carefully. Every day, when he gets a lost thing, he takes notes about it. There are pens, books, school uniforms, keys, walkmans and many other things in the lost and found. Most of them are the students’. If you lose your things, it’s easy for you to go to the lost and found for help. But you must tell Mr. George what it is and its color and the day when you can’t find it. I think Mr. George is very helpful, and you will be happy when you find the lost there.

24.

   Jack went to a barber’s shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he was not  h{#blank#}1{#/blank#}  with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he  l{#blank#}2{#/blank#}  and said, “What happened to your hair, Jack?”
   Jack said, “I tried a new barber’s shop today, because I wasn’t quite satisfied with the  o{#blank#}3{#/blank#}  one, but this one seems even w{#blank#}4{#/blank#} .”
   Bob agreed. “Yes. I think you are right, Jack. Now I’ll tell you  w{#blank#}5{#/blank#}  to do when you go into a barber’s shop  n{#blank#}6{#/blank#}  time. Look at the barber’s hair, find out whose hair  l{#blank#}7{#/blank#}  worst, and then go straight to him.”
   “Why shall I go to him?” Jack asked, “But that would be foolish.”
   “Oh, no, it wouldn’t.” said Bob. “Who cut that man’s  h{#blank#}8{#/blank#} ? Just think it over. He couldn’t cut it   h{#blank#}9{#/blank#} , could he? One of the  o{#blank#}10{#/blank#}  barbers cut it. So you know he can’t be the worst barber.”

25.

    I have a friend. His name is Jack. ③He is healthy because(因为) he plays sports. He runs every day. He runs to his ___①____ in the morning and he runs ____②____ after school in the afternoon. He can run fast. He likes playing soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball , ping-pong and more. He has three soccer balls, two volleyballs, six tennis rackets, four basketballs and many ping-pong balls. They are in his room. He plays sports with his friends every day. He likes many sports stars and he often watches them on TV. All my classmates say Jack is sporty (爱好体育)。

26.

最近的一份调查显示,在中国,许多英语学习者都想学好英语,但是他们之所以学不好英语是因为许多英语学习者并不关心英语学习过程本身,他们只是把学习英语当作一种责任,并不是真正对学习英语感兴趣。只有重视英语学习的过程,把学习英语当作自己的爱好,才能真正学好英语。
请根据上面的材料,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。
注意:1. 要点完整、层次清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯。
2.不要逐句翻译上面所提供的信息材料。
提示:关心:care about      学习过程:learning process      责任:duty
All English learners would like to learn English well.________________________________

27.

最近的一份调查显示,在中国,许多英语学习者都想学好英语,但是他们之所以学不好英语是因为许多英语学习者并不关心英语学习过程本身,他们只是把学习英语当作一种责任,并不是真正对学习英语感兴趣。只有重视英语学习的过程,把学习英语当作自己的爱好,才能真正学好英语。
请根据上面的材料,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。
注意:1. 要点完整、层次清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯。
2.不要逐句翻译上面所提供的信息材料。
提示:关心:care about      学习过程:learning process      责任:duty
All English learners would like to learn English well.________________________________

28.

最近的一份调查显示,在中国,许多英语学习者都想学好英语,但是他们之所以学不好英语是因为许多英语学习者并不关心英语学习过程本身,他们只是把学习英语当作一种责任,并不是真正对学习英语感兴趣。只有重视英语学习的过程,把学习英语当作自己的爱好,才能真正学好英语。
请根据上面的材料,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。
注意:1. 要点完整、层次清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯。
2.不要逐句翻译上面所提供的信息材料。
提示:关心:care about      学习过程:learning process      责任:duty
All English learners would like to learn English well.________________________________

29.

                                                                                        Everyone (人人)needs to be healthy.
   Do you eat healthy food every day? It’s important (重要)for your health. You need fruit, like oranges, apples and bananas. “ An apple a day can keep away避开) the doctor (医生).” You also need vegetables, like carrots and broccoli. Fruit and vegetables are good for our health. But don’t eat lots of chocolate. It’s not good healthy food. What about dessert? Don’t eat lots of dessert because it’s not good for your health. Many people eat lots of chocolate and dessert, so they are unhealthy. Sports can also keep you healthy. Play sports every day. Don’t be lazy. You can be healthy.

30.

                                                                                        Everyone (人人)needs to be healthy.
   Do you eat healthy food every day? It’s important (重要)for your health. You need fruit, like oranges, apples and bananas. “ An apple a day can keep away避开) the doctor (医生).” You also need vegetables, like carrots and broccoli. Fruit and vegetables are good for our health. But don’t eat lots of chocolate. It’s not good healthy food. What about dessert? Don’t eat lots of dessert because it’s not good for your health. Many people eat lots of chocolate and dessert, so they are unhealthy. Sports can also keep you healthy. Play sports every day. Don’t be lazy. You can be healthy.

31.

                                                                                        Everyone (人人)needs to be healthy.
   Do you eat healthy food every day? It’s important (重要)for your health. You need fruit, like oranges, apples and bananas. “ An apple a day can keep away避开) the doctor (医生).” You also need vegetables, like carrots and broccoli. Fruit and vegetables are good for our health. But don’t eat lots of chocolate. It’s not good healthy food. What about dessert? Don’t eat lots of dessert because it’s not good for your health. Many people eat lots of chocolate and dessert, so they are unhealthy. Sports can also keep you healthy. Play sports every day. Don’t be lazy. You can be healthy.

32.

   John gets up early from Monday to Saturday, because he must go to school before 7:30 on weekdays and go to the Drawing Club at 8:00 on Saturday mornings. He usually goes to the bookshop on Saturday afternoons, and after supper he watches TV until(直到) midnight.
He doesn’t get up early on Sundays. He often gets up at 10 a.m. And he always watches TV after he gets up. John’s parents both work on Sundays, so he usually goes to KFC to have a hamburger and some juice for lunch. After that, he goes back home and starts to play computer games until his parents come back. He does his homework after supper. He usually has lots of weekend homework, so he must spend three hours on it. He usually goes to bed at about 11:00 on Sunday evenings. He often complains (抱怨) he has too much homework to do.

33.

    The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous m{#blank#}1{#/blank#}  in China. Every year l{#blank#}2{#/blank#}  of Chinese people and foreigners visit it. It is not f{#blank#}3{#/blank#}  from here. You can s{#blank#}4{#/blank#} about two hours getting there by bus. You can also go there by train o{#blank#}5{#/blank#}  by plane. When you are c{#blank#}6{#/blank#} the mountains, you can e{#blank#}7{#/blank#}  the sea of clouds, wonderful trees and rocks (岩石) a{#blank#}8{#/blank#} you. In the e{#blank#}9{#/blank#} morning when the sun rises (升起),the sun looks b{#blank#}10{#/blank#} . It is really a good place to go.

34.

    The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous m{#blank#}1{#/blank#}  in China. Every year l{#blank#}2{#/blank#}  of Chinese people and foreigners visit it. It is not f{#blank#}3{#/blank#}  from here. You can s{#blank#}4{#/blank#} about two hours getting there by bus. You can also go there by train o{#blank#}5{#/blank#}  by plane. When you are c{#blank#}6{#/blank#} the mountains, you can e{#blank#}7{#/blank#}  the sea of clouds, wonderful trees and rocks (岩石) a{#blank#}8{#/blank#} you. In the e{#blank#}9{#/blank#} morning when the sun rises (升起),the sun looks b{#blank#}10{#/blank#} . It is really a good place to go.

36.

    It is Sunday afternoon. Mary goes to do the shopping with her mother. Her mother wants to buy some food for supper. Mary wants to buy a new skirt and some school things. They come to a shop.
   “What does your shop sell?” Mary asks, “A lot of things.” The girl in the shop says. “You can buy food, drinks, clothes in our shop and school things, too.”
   Mary and her mother go in. There are many people in the shop. Mary looks at a nice white skirt.
   “How much is the skirt?” Mary asks the girl in the shop.
   “It’s eighty yuan.”
   “That’s too dear.”
   “What about the green one? It looks nice. And it’s only thirty yuan.”
   “OK, thanks a lot.”
   “You are welcome.”
    After that, Mary buys some school things, too. Here mother buys a lot of food, like bread, cakes, meat and fish. They get home very late.

37.

    It is Sunday afternoon. Mary goes to do the shopping with her mother. Her mother wants to buy some food for supper. Mary wants to buy a new skirt and some school things. They come to a shop.
   “What does your shop sell?” Mary asks, “A lot of things.” The girl in the shop says. “You can buy food, drinks, clothes in our shop and school things, too.”
   Mary and her mother go in. There are many people in the shop. Mary looks at a nice white skirt.
   “How much is the skirt?” Mary asks the girl in the shop.
   “It’s eighty yuan.”
   “That’s too dear.”
   “What about the green one? It looks nice. And it’s only thirty yuan.”
   “OK, thanks a lot.”
   “You are welcome.”
    After that, Mary buys some school things, too. Here mother buys a lot of food, like bread, cakes, meat and fish. They get home very late.

38.

    It is Sunday afternoon. Mary goes to do the shopping with her mother. Her mother wants to buy some food for supper. Mary wants to buy a new skirt and some school things. They come to a shop.
   “What does your shop sell?” Mary asks, “A lot of things.” The girl in the shop says. “You can buy food, drinks, clothes in our shop and school things, too.”
   Mary and her mother go in. There are many people in the shop. Mary looks at a nice white skirt.
   “How much is the skirt?” Mary asks the girl in the shop.
   “It’s eighty yuan.”
   “That’s too dear.”
   “What about the green one? It looks nice. And it’s only thirty yuan.”
   “OK, thanks a lot.”
   “You are welcome.”
    After that, Mary buys some school things, too. Here mother buys a lot of food, like bread, cakes, meat and fish. They get home very late.

6.填空题(共2题)

39.
(1)用元素符号或化学式等化学用语填空:
①2个氮分子__________
②标出氯化钠中氯元素的化合价__________________
③原子序数为12的元素_________________
④含硫元素的质量分数为40%的氧化物_______________
(2)按下列要求书写化学方程式:
①赤铁矿冶炼成铁的主要反应原理:____________________
②实验室在常温下制取氧气的反应原理:_____________________
③溶解碳酸钙的复分解反应:__________________________________
40.
现有六种物质:①硝酸钾、②稀硫酸、③硫酸铜、④干冰、⑤碳酸钠、⑥石墨,请选择相应物质的序号填空:
(1)可用于配制杀菌剂波尔多液的是____________    (2)可用作制冷剂的是___________
(3)可用于除去铁锈的是______________    (4)可作为复合肥使用的是_______________
(5)固态时能导电的是________________    (6)可用于玻璃、造纸生产的是____________

7.实验题(共1题)

41.
图15是实验室制备气体常用的装置图,请按要求填空。

(1)写出B装置中两种仪器的名称:__________、­_____________。
(2)实验室用5%的双氧水溶液在MnO2存在的条件下制氧气,应选择的发生装置为_______(填字母),该装置还可用来制取________(填一种物质的化学式)气体。
(3)根据反应2NH4Cl(固)+Ca(OH)2(固)CaCl2+2NH3↑十+2H2O制取氨气,已知氨气密度比空气小,且易溶于水,则发生装置用___________(填字母,下同),收集装置选用_________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    推断题:(1道)

    科学探究题:(1道)

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(16道)

    选择题:(19道)

    填空题:(2道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:7

    9星难题:7