2014中考名师推荐化学化学生活

适用年级:初三
试卷号:283167

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2014/4/29

1.单选题(共11题)

1.
化学与我们的生活息息相关,生活中处处存在着化学.下列说法正确的是
A.用碳酸钠焙制糕点
B.服用氢氧化钠治疗胃酸过多
C.把氮气充入食品包装袋中延缓食品变质
D.青少年生长过程需要大量蛋白质,所以要多吃水果
2.
化学与生活密切相关,下列叙述中不正确的是
A.鱼儿能在河水中生存,说明水中能溶有一定量的氧气
B.因为氮气不支持呼吸,所以可用作粮食保护气
C.因为氦气密度小且化学性质稳定,常用于填充气球
D.因为氧气能支持燃烧,所以氧气可用作燃料
3.
下列环境问题与所对应的物质相关的是
A.臭氧层空洞——氧气B.光化学污染——氢气
C.温室效应——二氧化碳D.酸雨——二氧化碳
4.
生活中的下列做法不合理的是
A.冰箱中的异味,可用活性炭除去
B.电器着火,应先切断电源再灭火
C.羊毛和涤纶,可用燃烧法区分
D.煤炉火上放一盆水,就能防止一氧化碳中毒
5.
化学源于生活,同时又服务于生活,下列化学与生活的关系不正确的是
A.用食醋除去暖水瓶中的薄层水垢
B.不可以用纯碱代替小苏打做食品发酵粉
C.用甲醛溶液浸泡海产品以保鲜
D.用灼烧并闻气味的方法区别纯棉织物和纯毛织物
6.
化学来源于生活,化学应用于生活.下列对“化学与生活”的认识,有错误的是
A.吃水果、蔬菜可以补充维生素
B.少用塑料购物袋有利于减少“白色污染”
C.缺碘会患大脖子病
D.禁止使用各种食品添加剂
7.
化学与生活是紧密相关的,下列关于生活化学的说法正确的是(  )
A.随着人们生活节奏的加快,方便的小包装食品已被广泛接受,为了防止中秋月饼等富脂食品氧化变质,延长食品的保质期,在包装袋中常放入生石灰
B.现在用的清洁燃料主要有两类:一类是压缩天然气,另一类为液化石油气,它们属于碳氢化合物
C.用米汤检验加碘食盐中的碘酸钾(KIO3
D.保护加酶洗衣粉的洗涤效果,应用沸水溶解洗衣粉
8.
下列对化学与生产生活,化学与社会发展的认识不正确的是
A.在工业生产中,采用低碳技术,降低能耗,能体现十八大提出的“绿色发展”理念
B.油脂、氯乙烯和蔗糖都不是高分子化合物
C.“45天速成鸡”又叫“激素鸡”,即养殖的鸡从孵出到端上餐桌只需45天,喂养过程中大量使用抗生素,大量进食这样的鸡肉对人体健康有益
D.含硫化石燃料的大量燃烧是酸雨形成的主要原因之一
9.
下列关于“化学与生活”的认识不正确的是
A.成年人缺钙易造成骨质疏松
B.可用燃烧法区别羊毛和涤纶
C.用聚氯乙烯塑料作食品包装袋有害健康
D.添加三聚氰胺以提高牛奶中的含氮量
10.
下列做法不会危及食品安全的是()
A.用霉变花生压榨食用油B.用“地沟油”加工食品
C.在薯片包装中充入氮气D.用硫磺熏蒸干辣椒
11.
材料是生产、生活的物质基础.下列物品与材料类别对应关系错误的是
A. 钢筋混凝土——复合材料
B. 涤纶衣服——有机合成材料
C. 玻璃钢——金属材料
D. 陶瓷假牙——无机非金属材料

2.选择题(共8题)

12.阅读下面短文,在空白处写出适当的单词,单词首字母已给出。【有的词请注意词形的变化】

    There was a boy who was forced to a boarding(寄宿的)school by his parents. Before being sent away, this boy used to be the b{#blank#}1{#/blank#} student in his class. He was at the top in every competition. But things changed after he went to the new school. His grades started d{#blank#}2{#/blank#}. He hated being in a group. He was l{#blank#}3{#/blank#} all the time. He felt he was worthless and that no one loved him.

    His parents began to worry a{#blank#}4{#/blank#}him. But even they did not know what was wrong with him. So his dad decide to visit the school and have a t{#blank#}5{#/blank#} with him by himself.

    They sat on the beach near the school. The father started asking him q{#blank#}6{#/blank#} about his classes, teachers and sports with a smile on his face. After some time his dad said kindly, ”Do you know w{#blank#}7{#/blank#} I am here today, my dear son?”

    The boy answered back q{#blank#}8{#/blank#}, “To check my grades.”

    “No, no.”his dad replied calmly, “I am here to make you u{#blank#}9{#/blank#} that you are the most important person for me. I want to see you happy. I don't care about grades. I care about you. Nothing could be more valuable than your h{#blank#}10{#/blank#}. You are my life!”

    These words made the boy's eyes filled with t{#blank#}11{#/blank#}. He hugged his dad happily. They didn't say a{#blank#}12{#/blank#}to each other for a long time.

    Now the boy knew there was someone in the world who cared about him deeply. He meant the world to someone. From then on, the boy felt confident in his life again.

13.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    Zhang Ming, a college student from Shandong, created a 9-page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology.” He said.

    Zhang's experience is common nowadays. Worldwide, 40 percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014.

    Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers.

    The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology, says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information besides from asking older generations(长辈). Therefore, in the age of information, it's possible that children know more than their parents do.

    According to the China Internet Network Information Center(CINIC), 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou.

    In Zhang Ming's eyes, teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to his parents. “People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out?” said Zhang.

14.—China's 23rd Beidou Satellite __________ into space on June 12, 2016.

—As Chinese, we are proud of it.

15.在今年4月23日第20个“世界阅读日”之际,我市进行了以“爱上悦读”为主题的阅读交流活动。请你根据以下要点提示写一篇英语短文,分享你们学校的一些做法。

要点:1)学校举行图书展,一年两次,向国学们介绍优秀文学作品;

      2)各个班级设立图书角,同学们可以自由交换书籍;

      3)每天下午通过广播进行15分钟的“听书”活动;

      4)每学期每人至少阅读5本好书,并撰写一篇读书心得。

注意:1)词数:80词左右,开头与结尾已写出,不计入总词数;

      2)内容必须包括上述所有要点,可适当发挥;

      3)参考词汇:literature; set up; exchange(v. 交换); broadcast(n.广播) ; reading report

    It's said that reading makes a full man. Here are some ways in our school to make reading more fun.


    Through these activities, we really love reading now.

16.Our teacher ______ a bookshelf at the back of our classroom to make a small reading corner.
17.—Today's young people can't live without smart phones.

—They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they _______ meals.

18.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

Surprising Camara.

    WATCH out! A slingshot(弹弓) is aimed at you. But don't be afraid. It's just a camara. It's called Slingshot Camara. The camara will catch your Surprised look. Pull the rubberhand(橡皮筋)back and shoot. It takes a Picture. Two designers from South Korea made's.

Making Use of Smog

    SMOG(雾霾)is annoying. But what if it could be made into a diamond(钻石)? A “Smog Free Tower” will try to do that, although the diamonds will not be as real ones. Black particles(颗粒)in smog and diamonds are mostly carbon. A designer from the Netherlands made the tower.

New Flower Home

    WHEN plants get too big, you have to move them from a small flowerpot to a big one. Now, the special Growth Flowerpot can save you time and energy. It's made of a special materal in origami style. It gets bigger and bigger as the plant grows. It is from Belgium.

Easy Bike Parking

    PARKING a bike is not easy in big cities. Here comes the bicycle-parking tower. You only need to use a card and push a button. Then the tower can hold your bike in an empty place inside it. You don't even need to lock the bike.

Solar Charged Light

    YOU can put it in your pocket. But if it's inflated(充气), it turns into a light! This is LumnAID, a solar light that can be on for 16 hours after recharging(充电) with just seven hours of sunlight. Two US students designed it.

19.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

Surprising Camara.

    WATCH out! A slingshot(弹弓) is aimed at you. But don't be afraid. It's just a camara. It's called Slingshot Camara. The camara will catch your Surprised look. Pull the rubberhand(橡皮筋)back and shoot. It takes a Picture. Two designers from South Korea made's.

Making Use of Smog

    SMOG(雾霾)is annoying. But what if it could be made into a diamond(钻石)? A “Smog Free Tower” will try to do that, although the diamonds will not be as real ones. Black particles(颗粒)in smog and diamonds are mostly carbon. A designer from the Netherlands made the tower.

New Flower Home

    WHEN plants get too big, you have to move them from a small flowerpot to a big one. Now, the special Growth Flowerpot can save you time and energy. It's made of a special materal in origami style. It gets bigger and bigger as the plant grows. It is from Belgium.

Easy Bike Parking

    PARKING a bike is not easy in big cities. Here comes the bicycle-parking tower. You only need to use a card and push a button. Then the tower can hold your bike in an empty place inside it. You don't even need to lock the bike.

Solar Charged Light

    YOU can put it in your pocket. But if it's inflated(充气), it turns into a light! This is LumnAID, a solar light that can be on for 16 hours after recharging(充电) with just seven hours of sunlight. Two US students designed it.

3.填空题(共2题)

20.
化学就在我们身边,与我们的生活息息相关.请回答下列生活中的化学问题.
(1)“沙里淘金”说明黄金在自然界中能够以_____(填“单质”或“化合物”)形式存在;
(2)茶杯内的纱网,可将茶叶与茶水分离,便于饮用,该设计利用的化学原理是____;
(3)生活中可通过简单的______方法来降低水的硬度。
21.
生活离不开化学.化学与我们生活息息相关.用下列生活中常见物质对应的序号完成填空:A甲烷;B生石灰;C熟石灰;D乙醇;E淀粉;F蛋白质;G硝酸铵
(1)天然气的主要成分是____
(2)可作氮肥的是____
(3)构成细胞的基本物质是____
(4)可作食品干燥剂的是____
(5)化学实验室常用的燃料是____
(6)属于糖类的是____.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(11道)

    选择题:(8道)

    填空题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:3

    9星难题:8