2014届江苏省扬大附中东部分校九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:271258

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2014/4/10

1.单选题(共5题)

1.
水是生命之源,溶液遍布生活的每一个角落。
(1)鱼类可以在自然界的水中呼吸,是因为水中溶解有
A.O2 B.2O     C.O D.O2
(2)水是常用的溶剂,下列溶液所用的溶剂不是水的是
A.稀盐酸 B.生理盐水 C.碘酒溶液    D.葡萄糖注射液
(3)向水中加入 后振荡,可以根据产生泡沫多少来鉴别硬水和软水
A.稀硫酸 B.食盐    C.肥皂水 D.石灰水
(4)硬水对生活的危害很大,生活中经常通过 降低水的硬度
A.蒸馏 B.煮沸    C.过滤 D.消毒
(5)下列反应中,属于有水生成的复分解反应是 ;有水生成的分解反应是
A.氢氧化钠与盐酸反应 B.二氧化碳通入石灰水  C. 电解水  D.加热碳酸氢铵
2.
物质的性质决定用途,下列物质的用途与物质化学性质无关的是
A.用铜丝做导线B.稀硫酸除铁锈
C.稀有气体做金属焊接保护气D.用生石灰做食品干燥剂
3.
下列关于溶液的叙述正确的是
A.将某溶液降温后,其溶液的溶质质量分数可能不变
B.相同温度下,同一物质的饱和溶液所含溶质一定比不饱和溶液多
C.饱和溶液一定是浓溶液,不饱和溶液一定是稀溶液
D.一定温度下,物质的溶解度随水的量的变化而变化
4.
2013年的冬天,持续“雾霾”笼罩中国大部分的城市.关于雾和霾的认识,下列说法中正确的是(  )
A.化工厂废水的任意排放是引起雾霾天气的主要原因
B.只要带口罩,就不怕雾霾天气对人体产生伤害
C.雾霾天气成因复杂,可能与工地扬尘、工业燃煤、汽车尾气排放有关
D.焚烧垃圾,能有效防止“雾霾天气”出现
5.
欲鉴别石灰水、稀盐酸、蒸馏水三瓶失去标签的无色液体,提供的试剂有:①纯碱溶液②紫色石蕊溶液③酚酞溶液。只用一种试剂可将它们鉴别出来的是(  )
A. 只有① B. 只有② C. ①或②   D. ①或②或③

2.选择题(共9题)

6.Because of human activities, many animals are d{#blank#}1{#/blank#} out.
7.Because of human activities, many animals are d{#blank#}1{#/blank#} out.
8.Real friendship is more v{#blank#}1{#/blank#} than money.
9.Real friendship is more v{#blank#}1{#/blank#} than money.
10.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

The Value of an Hour

    It was Thanksgiving morning. In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey1the doorbell rang. I opened the front door and saw two small children in2clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.

    “Any old3, lady?” asked one of them.

    I was4. I wanted to say “no” until my eyes were5their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.

    “6 and I'll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”

    They walked7and sat down at the table. Their wet sandals left marks upon the8. I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight9the freezing cold outside.10 I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.

    The silence in the front room struck me. I looked in. The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it. The boy asked in a flat voice,“Lady, are you11?”

    I looked at my old sofa covers(沙发套). The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)12 and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was13with a need that no amount of food could

    supply. They left after that,14 their papers against the wind. They hadn't said “Thank you.” They didn't need to. They had15me that I had so much for which to be grateful. Plain blue china cups and saucers were16worth five pence. But they matched.

    I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup. Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these17,too.

    I moved the chairs back from the fire and18the living room. The muddy(沾上泥的)19 of small sandals were still wet upon my floor. Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to20how rich I am.

11.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

The Value of an Hour

    It was Thanksgiving morning. In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey1the doorbell rang. I opened the front door and saw two small children in2clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.

    “Any old3, lady?” asked one of them.

    I was4. I wanted to say “no” until my eyes were5their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.

    “6 and I'll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”

    They walked7and sat down at the table. Their wet sandals left marks upon the8. I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight9the freezing cold outside.10 I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.

    The silence in the front room struck me. I looked in. The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it. The boy asked in a flat voice,“Lady, are you11?”

    I looked at my old sofa covers(沙发套). The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)12 and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was13with a need that no amount of food could

    supply. They left after that,14 their papers against the wind. They hadn't said “Thank you.” They didn't need to. They had15me that I had so much for which to be grateful. Plain blue china cups and saucers were16worth five pence. But they matched.

    I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup. Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these17,too.

    I moved the chairs back from the fire and18the living room. The muddy(沾上泥的)19 of small sandals were still wet upon my floor. Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to20how rich I am.

12.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

    A big fire broke out in a clothing factory in our city last Wednesday. At 9:18 that morning, when the employees were working {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (busy) in the 4-storeyed building, heavy smoke was seen {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(come) out of the windows on the second floor. The fire lasted nearly an hour, and the majority of the 345 employees managed {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(escape) from the fire. Unfortunately, 7were killed, and 23 injured, lightly or seriously.

    Some workers {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(complain) that aids came too late,{#blank#}5{#/blank#} the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported. To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult. The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in {#blank#}6{#/blank#} hurry.

    The reason of the fire, according to an investigator, was {#blank#}7{#/blank#}someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory, because some cigarette {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(end) were found. Next two weeks, 15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories {#blank#}9{#/blank#} turn, aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires.{#blank#}10{#/blank#} (hope), no disasters like this will happen again.

13.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

    A big fire broke out in a clothing factory in our city last Wednesday. At 9:18 that morning, when the employees were working {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (busy) in the 4-storeyed building, heavy smoke was seen {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(come) out of the windows on the second floor. The fire lasted nearly an hour, and the majority of the 345 employees managed {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(escape) from the fire. Unfortunately, 7were killed, and 23 injured, lightly or seriously.

    Some workers {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(complain) that aids came too late,{#blank#}5{#/blank#} the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported. To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult. The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in {#blank#}6{#/blank#} hurry.

    The reason of the fire, according to an investigator, was {#blank#}7{#/blank#}someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory, because some cigarette {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(end) were found. Next two weeks, 15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories {#blank#}9{#/blank#} turn, aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires.{#blank#}10{#/blank#} (hope), no disasters like this will happen again.

14.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} (无论如何), I must finish my homework before going to bed.

3.多选题(共2题)

15.
一密闭容器中放入甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质,一定条件下反应一段时间后,测得容器内物质数据如下表,下列说法错误的是
 




反应前质量/g
16
2[
1
20
反应后质量/g
32
2
x
y
 
A. 物质丙一定是反应物 B. x的最大值为5
C. 物质乙一定是该反应的催化剂 D. 反应中甲和丁的质量比可能为4︰5
16.
将干燥管浸没烧杯或从烧杯中取出能达到随开随用随关随停。下列气体的制取可使用该装置的是
A.用大理石粉末与稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳
B.用锌粒与稀硫酸反应制取氢气
C.用二氧化锰粉末与双氧水溶液制氧气
D.用块状大理石与稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳

4.填空题(共5题)

17.
化学符号是化学学习的重要工具, 用化学符号表示
(1)2个铁原子   (2)硫酸铁中铁元素显+3价
(3)2个碳酸根离子 (4)溶于水使温度显著降低的化合物_____。
(5)地壳中含量最多的金属元素 (6)氯化钠是由 构成的
18.
(3分)北京时间2013年12月2日1时30分,我国在西昌卫星发射中心用“长征三号乙”运载火箭,成功将“嫦娥三号”探测器发射升空。“长征三号乙”运载火箭(CZ-3B),简称长三乙,是中国目前运载能力最大、技术最先进、构成最复杂的运载火箭。它使用液态四氧化二氮(N2O4)和偏二甲肼(C2H8N2)作为推进剂
(1)有关偏二甲肼的说法不正确的是   
a.偏二甲肼是氧化物 b.偏二甲肼的相对分子质量是60
c.偏二甲肼由12个原子构成
(2)四氧化二氮(N2O4)中氮元素的化合价_______________;
(3)偏二甲肼和四氧化二氮在点燃条件下反应,生成一种产生温室效应的气体、空气中含量最大的气体和水,同时放出大量的热,试写出反应的化学方程式  。
19.
请运用你在初中学过的化学知识和技能,解决下列生活中的实际问题:
(1)家用煤炉中的蜂窝煤有12孔、14孔,甚至16孔等多个品种,孔道越多燃烧越充分,理由是   
(2)铝能制成箔做包装品材料的原因是   
(3)除去保温瓶内胆中的水垢,可选用厨房中的
(4)切过咸菜的菜刀(未清洗擦干)更易生锈,原理是
(5)油锅着火时可以倒入洗过的蔬菜来灭火,其中的道理是
20.
右图为A、B、C在水中的溶解度曲线图:

(1)A、C交点的意义是
(2)t3℃时,A、B、C三者的溶解度由大到小的顺序是___________;若在该温度时将45克A放入50克水中, 形成的溶液是__ 溶液(填“饱和”或“不饱和”);
(3)如果有A、B的混合物(含少量的B),将A提纯的方法是
(4)t2℃时,等质量的A、B、C三种物质的饱和溶液,温度升高到t3℃,所得溶液溶质质量分数由大到小的顺序是:     
21.
现有下列实验装置示意图,结合实验装置图回答有关问题

(1)写出有编号仪器的名称①__________________②________________
(2)实验室选用A装置能制备的气体是 ,制取该气体的化学反应方程式是    ,试管口还要放______ _;
(3)制取CO2的发生装置为_______,检验CO2收集满的方法是______________;
(4)氨气(NH3)是一种无色有刺激性气味的气体,密度比空气小且极易溶于水,其水溶液称为氨水。兴趣小组同学用加热氯化铵和消石灰的固体混合物制取氨气,他们应选择的发生装置是    ,若选用F装置收集氨气,应从   (选填“a”或“b”)通入。验满氨气的方法是__________________________。

5.实验题(共1题)

22.
同学们在学习了酸碱盐的性质后,萌生了用身边的物质来制取新物质并研究物质性质的想法。请你参与其中,体验实验探究的快乐吧。
【粗产品制备】
课外化学兴趣小组的同学利用家里的纯碱溶液和贝壳为原料制备烧碱,按图所示流程进行实验,请你参与讨论并回答相关问题。

(1)贝壳高温煅烧时,发生反应的化学方程式是
(2)操作Ⅰ是____________,该过程中用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、 、玻璃棒;
(3)得到烧碱时发生反应的化学方程式为    ;
(4)得到的溶液存放在如图所示的 的瓶中(填A 或B)。

【粗产品成分分析】
将溶液蒸发结晶得到固体C,固体C中的成分有哪些呢?
甲同学认为:只含有NaOH; 乙同学认为:只含有NaOH  Ca(OH)2;    
丙同学认为:含有NaOH  Ca(OH) 2  Na2CO3;  丁认为可能含有     
【分析讨论】:丁同学认为 同学的猜想肯定是不合理的,理由是     
(5)甲取少量固体C,加水溶解,向其中滴加3滴酚酞试剂,溶液变为红色,立即得出结论甲的说法正确,你认为甲的结论 (填“正确”、“错误”或“无法确定”),理由是
(6)丁取适量固体C溶于水,滴加Ba(NO3)2溶液出现白色浑浊,发生反应的化学方程式为  ;结论:由上述实验,你认为__________同学的实验结论是正确。
【反思拓展】:在分析化学反应后所得物质的成分时,除了考虑生成物外,还需要虑  
【定量分析】
(7)另称取10g上述样品C,放入盛有100g7.3%的稀盐酸的烧杯中,恰好完全反应,反应后将所得溶液蒸发,求得到的氯化钠固体质量(写出过程2分)。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(5道)

    选择题:(9道)

    多选题:(2道)

    填空题:(5道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:9

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:2