1.计算题- (共1题)
1.
某校兴趣小组在实验室中完成制取氧气的实验，他们取氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物共 3.0g 放入大试管 中加热，完全反应后，试管内剩余固体物质的质量为 2.04g，求：
（1）完全反应后，生成氧气的质量为___________g；
（2）原混合物中氯酸钾的质量是多少____________？
（1）完全反应后，生成氧气的质量为___________g；
（2）原混合物中氯酸钾的质量是多少____________？
2.推断题- (共1题)
2.
几种常见物质之间的相互转化关系如图所示（“→”表示两端的物质能转化，“—”表示在一定条件下能相互反应，部分反应物、生成物及反应条件略去）。已知 A、B 是组成元素相同的化合物，D+G→B 的 现象是黑色粉末变红，C 可用实验室制二氧化碳。
（1）写出 A 的化学式__________；
（2）写出 F→E 的化学方程式__________。
（1）写出 A 的化学式__________；
（2）写出 F→E 的化学方程式__________。
3.科学探究题- (共1题)
3.
天然气作为燃料已进入千家万户，其主要成分是 CH4，它在空气中燃烧会生成什么物质呢？某研究小组对此展开探究。
（提出猜想）猜想一：CO、H2O猜想二：_____ 猜想三：CO2、CO、H2O 猜想四：CO2、SO2、H2O
请你补充猜想二
甲同学认为有一个猜想不合理，你认为是猜想_____，你的理由是_____；
（查阅资料）
（1）二氧化碳可以与氢氧化钠反应，实验室常用氢氧化钠溶液吸收二氧化碳
（2）一氧化碳为气体，有毒，具有可燃性及还原性，能还原氧化铜
（3）浓硫酸可以吸收水分，可以用来干燥气体
（实验探究）该小组将生成的混合气体依次通过下图所示装置，验证猜想：
（1）若猜想三成立，则该实验现象为_____；
（2）乙同学提出：从环保角度看，该装置不足之处是_____，请对针对不足之处提出改进方法_____。
（提出猜想）猜想一：CO、H2O猜想二：_____ 猜想三：CO2、CO、H2O 猜想四：CO2、SO2、H2O
请你补充猜想二
甲同学认为有一个猜想不合理，你认为是猜想_____，你的理由是_____；
（查阅资料）
（1）二氧化碳可以与氢氧化钠反应，实验室常用氢氧化钠溶液吸收二氧化碳
（2）一氧化碳为气体，有毒，具有可燃性及还原性，能还原氧化铜
（3）浓硫酸可以吸收水分，可以用来干燥气体
（实验探究）该小组将生成的混合气体依次通过下图所示装置，验证猜想：
（1）若猜想三成立，则该实验现象为_____；
（2）乙同学提出：从环保角度看，该装置不足之处是_____，请对针对不足之处提出改进方法_____。
4.单选题- (共15题)
5.
“长征”系列火箭为我国卫星发射、嫦娥探月等太空工程立下汗马功劳，火箭所用燃料是偏二甲肼（C2H8N2）点燃和四氧化二氮（N2O4）。在火箭升空过程中，燃料发生反应：C2H8N2+2N2O4=2CO2+3X+4H2O，则 X的化学式为（ ）
| A．N2 | B．NH3 | C．NO | D．NO2 |
6.
在一密闭容器中，有甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质，在一定的条件下充分反应，测得反应前后各物质质量如 下表：
下列说法不正确的是（ ）
| 物质 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 | 丁 |
| 反应前质量（g） | 8 | 1 | 36 | 10 |
| 反应后质量（g） | 待测 | 16 | 0 | 31 |
下列说法不正确的是（ ）
| A．表格中待测值为 8，甲可能是该反应的催化剂 |
| B．丙中元素的种类一定等于乙和丁两种物质中元素的种类之和 |
| C．该反应为分解反应 |
| D．反应生成的乙和丁的质量比为 16:31 |
7.
某化学反应的微观示意图如下，根据该图得出的结论，正确的是（ ）
| A．四种物质中只有丁属于氧化物 | B．生成的丙和丁的分子个数比为 1:1 |
| C．丙物质中氮、氧元素的质量比为 7:8 | D．反应前后只有氢元素的化合价发生了变化 |
9.
用分子的知识解释下列现象，不正确的是（ ）
| A．1 滴水中大约有 1.67×1021个水分子，说明分子的体积很小 |
| B．缉毒犬能根据气味发现毒品，是由于分子不断运动 |
| C．变瘪的乒乓球放入热水中能鼓起来，是由于分子受热体积变大 |
| D．10mL 水和 10mL 酒精混合后体积小于 20mL，说明分子间有间隔 |
10.
下列有关水的说法不正确的是（ ）
| A．生活中常用煮沸的方法降低水的硬度 | B．保持水的化学性质的最小微粒是水分子 |
| C．活性炭可以吸附水中的色素和异味 | D．电解水时负极与正极产生的气体体积之比为 1:2 |
11.
著名化学家张青莲教授与另一位科学家合作，测定了铟（In）元素的相对原子质量的新值。铟元素的质 子数为 49，相对原子质量为 115。铟原子的中子数为（ ）
| A．17 | B．49 | C．115 | D．66 |
12.
2015年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖于10月5日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩揭晓，来自中国的女药学家屠呦呦获奖，她从中药中分离出青蒿素（化学式为 C15H22O5），是治疗疟疾的特效药，下列关于青蒿素的说法正确的是
| A．青蒿素中氢元素的质量分数最大 |
| B．青蒿素中C、H、O 三种元素的质量比为 15 :22: 5 |
| C．青蒿素分子是由15个碳原子、 22 个氢原子和5个氧原子构成的 |
| D．青蒿素是由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成的 |
13.
人体吸入的O2有2%转化为活性氧，它加速人体衰老，被称为“夺命杀手”。我国科学家尝试用Na2SeO3清除人体内的活性氧，Na2SeO3中的Se（硒）元素的化合价是
| A．＋2 | B．＋4 | C．＋6 | D．－2 |
14.
空气是一种宝贵资源，下列有关空气的说法正确的是（ ）
| A．氧气能与大多数物质反应，化学性质比较活泼，属于可燃物 |
| B．空气中氧气的质量约占空气质量的 21% |
| C．空气中分离出的稀有气体化学性质很不活泼，可作保护气 |
| D．空气污染物主要包括二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、二氧化氮以及可吸入颗粒物 |
15.
化学是以实验为基础的学科，下列有关实验现象的描述中，错误的是（ ）
| A．铁丝在空气中燃烧现象为剧烈燃烧，火星四射，放热，生成黑色固体 |
| B．硫粉在氧气中燃烧产生蓝紫色火焰 |
| C．镁条在空气中燃烧，发白光，产生白烟，生成白色固体 |
| D．红磷在空气中燃烧，产生大量白烟 |
16.
下列关于碳和碳的氧化物的叙述中，正确的是（ ）
| A．实验室用大理石与稀硫酸在常温下反应制取二氧化碳 |
| B．由于碳原子的排列方式不同，金刚石，石墨和 C60物理性质不同 |
| C．C60有很强的导电性，常用作电池电极 |
| D．金刚石，石墨和 C60都是由碳原子构成的 |
17.
下列依据实验目的所设计的实验操作中，不可行的是（ ）
| 选项 | 实验目的 | 实验操作 |
| A A | 鉴别木炭和氧化铜 | 看颜色 |
| B B | 鉴别二氧化碳和二氧化硫 | 闻气味 |
| C C | 鉴别硬水和软水 | 用肥皂水 |
| D D | 鉴别氧气和二氧化碳、空气 | 用燃着的木条 |
| A．A | B．B | C．C | D．D |
5.选择题- (共2题)
19.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
20.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
6.填空题- (共5题)
22.
下图 A、B、C、D、E 是五种粒子的结构示意图，请回答下列问题：
（1）若 A 粒子表示带两个单位的正电荷，该粒子符号为__________；
（2）B、C、D、E 四种粒子中表示阴离子的有__________；（填字．母．序．号．）
（3）E 粒子对应的元素与地壳中含量最多的金属元素组成的物质的化学式为__________。
（1）若 A 粒子表示带两个单位的正电荷，该粒子符号为__________；
（2）B、C、D、E 四种粒子中表示阴离子的有__________；（填字．母．序．号．）
（3）E 粒子对应的元素与地壳中含量最多的金属元素组成的物质的化学式为__________。
24.
完成下列各空以下物质：①金刚石 ②石墨 ③C60 ④稀有气体 ⑤氮气 ⑥氧气
（1）可用来切割玻璃的是__________（填序号，下同）；
（2）食品包装中常充的是__________；
（3）可以制成多种用途电光源的是__________。
（1）可用来切割玻璃的是__________（填序号，下同）；
（2）食品包装中常充的是__________；
（3）可以制成多种用途电光源的是__________。
25.
水是生命之源，是人类最宝贵的自然资源，爱惜水、保护水是每个公民的义务和责任。
（1）下列说法正确的是__________（填．序．号．）。
①为了节约用水，农业和园林浇灌改大水漫灌为喷灌，滴灌
②将生活用水，地表雨水分类处理，可减少污染，保护水资源
③淡水资源很丰富，是取之不尽，用之不竭的
④为了防止江水污染，不使用含磷洗衣粉
（2）净化水的过程包括沉淀、过滤、吸附、消毒等，实验室过滤过程中需要用到玻璃棒，其作用是__________。
（1）下列说法正确的是__________（填．序．号．）。
①为了节约用水，农业和园林浇灌改大水漫灌为喷灌，滴灌
②将生活用水，地表雨水分类处理，可减少污染，保护水资源
③淡水资源很丰富，是取之不尽，用之不竭的
④为了防止江水污染，不使用含磷洗衣粉
（2）净化水的过程包括沉淀、过滤、吸附、消毒等，实验室过滤过程中需要用到玻璃棒，其作用是__________。
7.实验题- (共1题)
试卷分析
-
【1】题量占比
计算题:(1道)
推断题:(1道)
科学探究题:(1道)
单选题:(15道)
选择题:(2道)
填空题:(5道)
实验题:(1道)
-
【2】：难度分析
1星难题：0
2星难题：0
3星难题：0
4星难题：0
5星难题：0
6星难题：4
7星难题：0
8星难题：12
9星难题：8