山东省临沂市郯城县2019届九年级上学期期末教学质量检测化学试题

适用年级:初三
试卷号:261585

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2019/3/22

1.计算题(共2题)

1.
将一定质量的金属锌粒放入足量的稀硫酸中,使其充分反应,反应的具体情况如下图所示,求:

(1)参加反应的金属锌的质量。
(2)所用的稀硫酸中溶质的质量分数。
2.
化学实验室加热用的酒精灯里的燃料是乙醇,其化学式为C2H5OH,试计算:
(1)一个乙醇分子里共含有____个原子;
(2)乙醇中碳元素的质量分数约为____。

2.科学探究题(共1题)

3.
生石灰(CaO)是一种传统的建筑材料,工业上通过在石灰窑中煅烧石灰石(CaCO3)制得二氧化碳和生石灰,其反应原理是:,兴趣小组的同学,对某地刚出窑的生石灰的成分进行探究。
(提出问题)刚出窑的“生石灰”有哪些成分?
(作出猜想)1.只有氧化钙Ⅱ.只有碳酸钙  Ⅲ.既有氧化钙也有碳酸钙
(查阅资料)石灰石不溶于水,生石灰能和水发生化合反应,放出大量的热,生成熟石灰[Ca(OH)2],其反应原理是:CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2,熟石灰微溶于水(即:不能全部溶解)。
(实验探究)
(1)甲同学从样品中取一定量的固体于试管中,并加入一定量的水,振荡,有白色不溶物。甲同学据此认为试管中的固体为碳酸钙,即猜想Ⅱ成立。乙同学认为上述实验不足以证明猜想Ⅱ成立,其理由是______。
(2)乙同学从样品中取一定量的固体于试管中,加入一定量的水,触摸试管外壁,感觉发热;继续向试管中加入几滴稀盐酸,没有发现气泡产生。乙同学据此认为试管中的固体只有氧化钙,即猜想I成立。丙同学认为乙的实验不足以证明猜想I成立,理由是______。
(3)丙同学认为利用感觉温度变化的方法判断是否有氧化钙不可靠,他用水、酚酞试液和稀盐酸证明了猜想Ⅲ成立,请完成他的实验报告。
实验步骤
实验现象
实验结论
①______
②______
______
______
猜想Ⅲ成立
 
(拓展反思)使用“生石灰”的建筑工地上常有一个大的石灰池,使用“生石灰”时,先将生石灰倒入池内水中,一段时间后,再取用其中的石灰浆使用。长期使用的石灰池内壁会逐渐增厚,其主要原因是(用化学方程式表示)______。

3.单选题(共16题)

4.
前者属于混合物,后者属于纯净物的一组物质是
A.干冰、空气B.食醋、加碘食盐
C.甲烷、烧碱D.汽水、冰水共存物
5.
比较下图两种粒子的结构示意图得到的以下说法中,正确的是
A.X属于非金属元素,Y是金属元素
B.X、Y属于同一种元素
C.X、Y两种粒子的化学性质相同
D.X、Y两种粒子都具有稳定结构
6.
下图是元素周期表中钠、氯两种元素的相关信息,下列说法不正确的是
A.钠的原子序数为11
B.钠元素和氯元素不能形成化合物
C.氯元素原子的核内质子数为17
D.氯元素的相对原子质量是35.45
7.
馒头中添加柠檬黄铬酸铅(PbCrO4)会使人体致癌,已被明文禁用。已知铅元素(Pb)化合价为+2,则铬元素(Cr)的化合价为
A.+6B.+4C.+3D.+2
8.
下列化学实验基本操作不正确的是
A.加热液体
B.稀释浓硫酸
C.蒸发食盐水
D.检查装置气密性
9.
下列鉴别或除杂方法不可行的是
A.用燃着的小本条鉴别O2和N2
B.用水鉴别NaOH固体和CaCO3固体
C.用稀硫酸除去铁粉中混有的少量铜粉
D.用酚酞试液鉴别稀硫酸和氢氧化钠溶液
10.
每年的4月15日是我国的“全民国家安全教育日”,有关下列说法错误的是
A.煤矿的矿井要加强通风,防止发生爆炸
B.室内电器着火,先切断电源再灭火
C.厨房天然气泄露,可打开抽油烟机排气
D.进入久未开启的地窖,要做灯火实验
11.
生活离不开化学。下列做法中,合理的是
A.为保持铝合金水壶外观明亮经常用砂纸打磨
B.为了节约粮食,把霉变大米淘净后继续食用
C.利用硝酸铵溶于水吸热的原理,自制冰袋给发烧病人降温
D.食用甲醛浸泡的海产品,可提高人体免疫力
12.
光亮的铁钉在下列几种情况下,最不容易生锈的是
A.B.C.D.
13.
下列对过滤操作的叙述中正确的是
A.用于引流的玻璃棒的下端抵靠在单层滤纸一侧
B.为了加速过滤,要用玻璃棒在漏斗中搅拌
C.把滤纸放入漏斗中后,要用水润湿使滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁
D.漏斗下端管口不能靠在烧杯的内壁上
14.
小明在做家庭小实验时,把下列物质分别放入适量水中并充分搅拌,其中不能得到溶液的是
A.面粉B.纯碱C.食盐D.白酒
15.
甲、乙两种固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是
A.20 ℃时,甲溶液中溶质的质量分数一定比乙溶液的大
B.将40 ℃时甲的一定量饱和溶液降温至20 ℃,溶液质量不变
C.甲的溶解度大于乙的溶解度
D.40 ℃时,分别在100 g水中各加入30 g甲、乙,同时降温至20 ℃,甲、乙溶液均为饱和溶液
16.
厕所用清洁剂中含有盐酸,如果不慎洒到大理石地板上,会发出嘶嘶声,并有气体产生。这种气体是
A.氢气B.甲烷C.二氧化硫D.二氧化碳
17.
将少量大豆油倒入燃烧匙中点燃,小心地将燃烧匙的底部放在冰面上(冰水不接触燃烧匙内的大豆油),可以观察到火焰很快熄灭。该实验说明,达到灭火目的的方法之一是
A.降温至着火点以下B.隔绝空气
C.降低着火点D.清除可燃物
18.
某1L纯牛奶的包装盒上面有如下一些数据(每100g内):脂肪≥3.3g、蛋白质≥2.9g、非脂乳固体≥8.1g、钾≥145mg、钙≥115mg.这里的钾、钙是指(  )
A.分子B.原子C.单质D.元素
19.
某学生的实验报告中有下列数据,其中正确的是
A.用量筒量取4.30ml酒精
B.用托盘天平称量2.6g锌
C.用托盘天平称量11.77g食盐
D.普通温度计上显示的室温计数为25.62℃

4.选择题(共4题)

20.

阅读理解

    IPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

    The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

    Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

    BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

    Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

    Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference

21.

阅读理解

    IPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

    The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

    Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

    BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

    Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

    Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference

22.

阅读理解

    IPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

    The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

    Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

    BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

    Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

    Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference

23.研究发现调节性T细胞具有抑制免疫反应的功能,防止免疫反应过度损伤自身,调节性T细胞数量由Mcl﹣1蛋白和Bim蛋白两种功能相反的蛋白质决定(如图所示).下列疾病中可能与Mcl﹣1蛋白的活性被抑制有关的是(    )

数量减少 调节性T细胞 数量增加.

5.多选题(共1题)

24.
下列图像分别与选项中的操作相对应,其中不合理的是
A.分别向5g镁粉和铝粉中滴加足量稀硫酸
B.分别用相同质量的氯酸钾和高锰酸钾制取氧气
C.向氢氧化钠和碳酸钠的混合溶液中滴加稀硫酸
D. 向氯化钙和盐酸的混合溶液中滴加碳酸钠溶液

6.填空题(共9题)

25.
如图是密闭体系中某反应的微观示意图,○和●分别表示不同的原子。

(1)请写出一个符合下图所表示反应的化学方程式:______
(2)化学反应前后一定不变的是______(从下列六项中选出,用序号填空)
①原子种类②原子数目③分子种类④分子数目  ⑤元素种类⑥物质种类
26.
下图是一种医用药品瓶上的标签,试根据标签上内容回答有关问题。

(1)请叙述“咀嚼”后咽下的好处:______。(答出一条合理即可)
(2)当胃酸(主要成分为盐酸)过多服用该药片后在胃中可能发生的化学方程式为:①______,②______
27.
下图体现了稀盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液反应的实质,请回答有关问题。

(1)在上图D中的圆圈内填入正确的化学式:D中______。
(2)用化学方程式表示图中所体现的化学反应______
28.
化学就在我们身边。它与我们的生活息息相关。从石灰石、氧气、二氧化碳、食盐、纯碱、活性炭等六种物质中,选出与下列用途相对应的物质,填写在空白处;
(1)供给呼吸的气体是______;
(2)烹饪时用作调味品的是______;
(3)可用作建筑材料的是______;
(4)植物光合作用不可缺少的气体是______;
(5)家庭制作馒头添加的“碱”是______;
(6)能做冰箱去味剂的是______
29.
初中化学教材中常用下列词语描述物质的性质,请选择合适的代号(a-f)填空:
a.助燃性b.还原性c.可燃性d.毒性e.吸水性f.酸碱性
(1)固体氢氧化钠通常用可作干燥剂,是因为它具有______;
(2)氧气在燃烧的反应中,一般表现出______;
(3)用一氧化碳冶炼金属,是利用它的______;
(4)石蕊和酚酞可以用来检验溶液的______;
(5)氢气可做高能燃料,是利用它的______。
30.
下图是某实验小组绘制的两种固体物质溶解度曲线图。请你根据图示回答下列问题:

(1)t1℃时,a物质的溶解度______b物质的溶解度(填“>”、“<”或“=”)。
(2)将t2℃时a、b两种物质相同质量的饱和溶液,分别冷却到t1℃,析出晶体最多的是______物质。
(3)温度是影响固体物质溶解度的重要因素。图中a、b两种物质的溶解度受温度影响较大的是______(填“a”或“b”)
31.
浓硫酸在存放时一定要密封,原因是浓硫酸具有______性,该过程属于______变化,浓硫酸设纸张变黑是______变化。浓盐酸也要密封保存,原因是具有______性,该变化是______变化。
32.
低碳经济是一种以低能耗和高效能等为主要待征,以较少的温室气体排放获得较大产出的新经济发展模式。
(1)化石燃料主要包括煤、______、______。
(2)控制可燃物的量和二氧化碳排出量,充分利用和开发太阳能、核能及______(只填一种)等新能源。
(3)“绿色化学”的特点之一是“零排放”。一定条件下,二氧化碳和氢气可以按照不同比例反应,生成下列物质。其中,若二氧化碳和氢气反应只生成一种产物、就能实现“零排放”,这种产物是______(填字母序号)。
A.甲醇(CH3OH)B.甲酸(HCOOH)C.乙醇(CH3CH2OH)D.乙酸(CH3COOH)
33.
下图是科学家设计的一种理想的氢元素循环模式。根据图示信息可知,人们利用氢元素循环的目的主要是为了将______能转化为______能。请写出实现这种转化所依据的有关反应的化学方程式:______;______。

7.实验题(共1题)

34.
某化学兴趣小组,在实验室里配制50g5%的氯化钠溶液,需要进行如下操作:①计算:需要氯化钠______g;②称量;用______称量所需氯化钠的质量。③量取;用______量筒(选填“10mL”或“50mL”)量取47.5mL水;④溶解:将两者置于烧杯中,用______搅拌;最后装瓶,贴上标签。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(2道)

    科学探究题:(1道)

    单选题:(16道)

    选择题:(4道)

    多选题:(1道)

    填空题:(9道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:12

    9星难题:6