1.简答题- (共1题)
1.
置换反应是化学反应的基本类型之一。
（1）金属与盐溶液之间的置换反应，一般是活动性较强的金属可把活动性较弱的金属从其盐溶液中置换出来。如铜和硝酸银溶液的化学方程式为____________________。
（2）非金属单质也具有类似金属与盐溶液之间的置换反应的规律，即活动性较强的非金属可把活动性较弱的非金属从其盐溶液中置换出来，如在溶液中可发生下列反应：
Cl2+2NaBr==2NaCl + Br2，I2 + Na2S==2NaI + S↓，Br2 + 2KI==2KBr + I2
由此可判断：
①S、Cl2、I2、Br2非金属活动性由强到弱顺序是__________________。
②下列化学方程式书写错误的是___________。
A Cl2 + 2NaI===2NaCl + I2 B I2+2KBr===2KI + Br2
C Br2 + Na2S===2NaBr + S↓ D Cl2 + K2S===2KCl + S↓
（1）金属与盐溶液之间的置换反应，一般是活动性较强的金属可把活动性较弱的金属从其盐溶液中置换出来。如铜和硝酸银溶液的化学方程式为____________________。
（2）非金属单质也具有类似金属与盐溶液之间的置换反应的规律，即活动性较强的非金属可把活动性较弱的非金属从其盐溶液中置换出来，如在溶液中可发生下列反应：
Cl2+2NaBr==2NaCl + Br2，I2 + Na2S==2NaI + S↓，Br2 + 2KI==2KBr + I2
由此可判断：
①S、Cl2、I2、Br2非金属活动性由强到弱顺序是__________________。
②下列化学方程式书写错误的是___________。
A Cl2 + 2NaI===2NaCl + I2 B I2+2KBr===2KI + Br2
C Br2 + Na2S===2NaBr + S↓ D Cl2 + K2S===2KCl + S↓
2.计算题- (共1题)
3.推断题- (共1题)
3.
构建知识网络是一种重要的学习方法。右图是关于铁化学性质的知识网络（“→”表示一种物质转化为另一种物质），其中B是密度最小的气体，C为红色固体金属单质。
请回答下列问题：
（1）A物质的化学式为__________________。
（2）B物质的一种用途是_____________________。
（3）反应②还需要的一种反应物是____________________（填化学式）。
（4）写出反应③的化学方程式__________________，并注明基本反应类型：_______。
请回答下列问题：
（1）A物质的化学式为__________________。
（2）B物质的一种用途是_____________________。
（3）反应②还需要的一种反应物是____________________（填化学式）。
（4）写出反应③的化学方程式__________________，并注明基本反应类型：_______。
4.单选题- (共12题)
干冰升华
CO2溶于水
石油的分馏
自制净水器净水
6.
《美国化学会志》报道了中国科学家以二氧化碳和钠在一定条件制得金刚石，其化学方程式为3CO2+4Na=2X+2C（金刚石），则X的化学式为（ ）
| A．Na2O2 | B．Na2CO3 | C．Na2O | D．Na4C2O6 |
7.
在一密闭容器中，有甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质，在一定条件下存在某个反应，测得反应前后各物质的质量如下表：
对该反应，下列描述正确的是 ( )
| 物质 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 | 丁 |
| 反应前质量/g | 20 | 2 | 8 | 6 |
| 反应后质量/g | 4 | 待测 | 28 | 2 |
对该反应，下列描述正确的是 ( )
| A．“待测”数值一定为2g | B．该反应中甲为生成物 |
| C．乙一定是该反应的催化剂 | D．反应中甲和丙的质量比为1:7 |
8.
下列关于原子、分子和离子的叙述中正确的是（ ）
| A．原子是不能再分的最小粒子 |
| B．分子是可分的，它是能保持物质化学性质的唯一粒子 |
| C．原子失去电子，形成的离子一定是阳离子 |
| D．非金属原子在化学反应中一定获得电子，变为阴离子 |
9.
国际化学联合会于2月19日宣布，第112号化学元素已获正式名称“Copernicium”，相应元素符号为“Cn”。化学元素周期表中又添新成员。新元素的质量约是氢原子质量的277倍，是目前获得正式承认的最重的元素，则该元素原子核内的中子数为（）
A. 112 B. 277 C. 165 D. 389
A. 112 B. 277 C. 165 D. 389
10.
人体吸入的O2有2%转化为活性氧，它加速人体衰老，被称为“夺命杀手”。我国科学家尝试用Na2SeO3清除人体内的活性氧，Na2SeO3中的Se（硒）元素的化合价是
| A．＋2 | B．＋4 | C．＋6 | D．－2 |
11.
往AgNO3和Cu(NO3)2的混合液中加入一定量的铁粉，充分反应后，有金属析出，过滤、洗涤后往滤渣中加入稀盐酸，有无色气体放出，则滤液中一定存在的溶质是（ ）
| A．Fe(NO3)2 | B．Cu(NO3)2和Fe(NO3)2 |
| C．AgNO3和Fe(NO3)2 | D．AgNO3和Cu(NO3)2 |
12.
我国是世界上第一个在海域成功开采可燃冰的国家，可燃冰主要含有甲烷水合物，用作燃料时反应的微观示意图如下图，下列说法正确的是
| A．反应前后的物质均由原子构成 |
| B．可燃冰将成为未来新能源 |
C．反应化学方程式为CH4+O2 CO2+H2O |
| D．可燃冰中只有甲烷 |
13.
世界上每年有上万家庭发生火灾，造成了极大损失，如果掌握一些家庭安全知识和紧急灭火措施，就能避免火灾。下列说法你认为正确的是
| A．油锅着火用锅盖盖灭 | B．用明火检查液化气罐是否漏气 |
| C．电器着火用水扑灭 | D．室内起火时打开门窗通风 |
14.
下列知识归纳，完全正确的一组（ ）
A．A
| A．“三”的小结 | B环境保护 |
| ①燃烧必须同时具备：可燃物、氧气、温度达到着火点 ②构成原子的粒子：质子、中子、电子 ③三大化石燃料：氢气、石油、煤 | ①滥用施用化肥和农药 ②重复使用热固性塑料制品 ③工业“三废”处理达标后排放 |
| C数字含义 | D物质俗名 |
| ①Fe2+：一个铁离子带2个单位正电荷 ②SO2：一个二氧化硫分子中含有2个原子 ③  ：化合物中钙元素显+2价 | ①固体二氧化碳俗名干冰 ②大理石的主要成分是碳酸钙 ③金属汞俗名水银 |
A．A
| A．B | B．C | C．D |
检查装置气密性
往试管中加入锌粒
加热液体
固体药品的取用5.选择题- (共3题)
17.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
18.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
C
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.
In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
6.填空题- (共7题)
19.
水的硬度表示方法是：将水中的Ca2+、Mg2+质量折算成CaO的质量。通常把1L水中含有10mg CaO称为1度，1L水中含有20mg CaO即为2度，以此类推。8度以上为硬水，8度以下为软水，我国规定饮用水的硬度不能超过25度。
（1）日常生活中，可用_____________检验某水样是硬水还是软水。
（2）Ca(HCO3)2加热时会分解产生一种白色沉淀（水垢的主要成分）和两种常见的氧化物，请写出发生反应的化学方程式 _______________；
（1）日常生活中，可用_____________检验某水样是硬水还是软水。
（2）Ca(HCO3)2加热时会分解产生一种白色沉淀（水垢的主要成分）和两种常见的氧化物，请写出发生反应的化学方程式 _______________；
20.
化学的学科特征是从原子、分子的层面上研究物质，请从微观角度解释下列问题:
（1）通常状况下的6 000 L 乙炔气体可被压缩进40 L 的钢瓶中，说明了__________________。
（2）金刚石和石墨都是碳单质,但由于__________不同，导致彼此物理性质迥异。
（3）空气是混合物,而氧气是纯净物，原因是_____________。
（4）水电解生成氢气和氧气，说明在化学变化中____________发生了改变。
（5）气体X点燃可以在氧气中燃烧生成氮气和水，X分子中一定含有的原子是____（填符号）。
（1）通常状况下的6 000 L 乙炔气体可被压缩进40 L 的钢瓶中，说明了__________________。
（2）金刚石和石墨都是碳单质,但由于__________不同，导致彼此物理性质迥异。
（3）空气是混合物,而氧气是纯净物，原因是_____________。
（4）水电解生成氢气和氧气，说明在化学变化中____________发生了改变。
（5）气体X点燃可以在氧气中燃烧生成氮气和水，X分子中一定含有的原子是____（填符号）。
23.
从生活走进化学，从化学走向社会，可以说化学贯穿在人们生活的每一个角落，请你用所学化学知识回答下列问题：
（1）化石燃料属于________能源（填“可再生”或“不可再生”）。
（2）性质决定用途，用途反映性质是重要的化学学科思想。用镁粉制作的烟花在夜空中发出耀眼的白光，反应的化学方程式是_________；
（1）化石燃料属于________能源（填“可再生”或“不可再生”）。
（2）性质决定用途，用途反映性质是重要的化学学科思想。用镁粉制作的烟花在夜空中发出耀眼的白光，反应的化学方程式是_________；
24.
黄河是中华民族的母亲河，而素有黄河之肾之称的黄河甘南湿地日趋萎缩，生态环境恶化加剧。
（1）2月2日是世界湿地日，今年世界湿地日的口号是“携手保护湿地,应对气候变化”。湿地的物种资源丰富，分布着大量的植物群落，可以缓解温室效应。湿地缓解温室效应主要是通过光合作用实现的，其过程可以表示为：
淀粉组成中一定含有_______元素,可能含有______元素。
（2）“湿地水体富营养化”是保护湿地面临的一个重大难题，引起湿地水体污染的原因可能有___________________________________________________________(答出一条即可)。
（1）2月2日是世界湿地日，今年世界湿地日的口号是“携手保护湿地,应对气候变化”。湿地的物种资源丰富，分布着大量的植物群落，可以缓解温室效应。湿地缓解温室效应主要是通过光合作用实现的，其过程可以表示为：
淀粉组成中一定含有_______元素,可能含有______元素。 （2）“湿地水体富营养化”是保护湿地面临的一个重大难题，引起湿地水体污染的原因可能有___________________________________________________________(答出一条即可)。
25.
金属材料是工农业生产和人们生活离不开的材料之一，人类每年要从自然界获取大量的金属材料资源。根据对金属和金属金属材料的认识，回答：
（1）高炉炼铁原理的化学方程式____________________。
（2）铝制品在空气中有较强的抗腐蚀性，原因是___________________。
（3）Fe、Cu、Hg、Mg、Ag五种金属从化学性质上看，与盐酸反应最剧烈的是____________
（1）高炉炼铁原理的化学方程式____________________。
（2）铝制品在空气中有较强的抗腐蚀性，原因是___________________。
（3）Fe、Cu、Hg、Mg、Ag五种金属从化学性质上看，与盐酸反应最剧烈的是____________
7.实验题- (共1题)
26.
下图为实验室制取某些常见气体的装置图，请回答下列问题。
（1）若选用B装置作为发生装置制取氧气，反应的化学方程式为___________。若选用D装置收集氧气，请简述判断氧气已收集满的方法：__________。
（2）实验室用大理石和稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳的反应的化学方程式： _________。若选用D装置收集二氧化碳，请简述判断二氧化碳已收集满的方法：___________。
（3）甲烷是一种密度比空气小、难溶于水的气体。实验室常用无水醋酸钠固体和碱石灰固体共热制取甲烷，应选择的发生装置是_______（选填装置序号）。若选用F装置用于排空气法收集甲烷，甲烷应从_______端（选填“a”或“b”，下同）通入；若选用F装置用于排水法收集甲烷，瓶中先装满水，甲烷应从_______端通入。
（1）若选用B装置作为发生装置制取氧气，反应的化学方程式为___________。若选用D装置收集氧气，请简述判断氧气已收集满的方法：__________。
（2）实验室用大理石和稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳的反应的化学方程式： _________。若选用D装置收集二氧化碳，请简述判断二氧化碳已收集满的方法：___________。
（3）甲烷是一种密度比空气小、难溶于水的气体。实验室常用无水醋酸钠固体和碱石灰固体共热制取甲烷，应选择的发生装置是_______（选填装置序号）。若选用F装置用于排空气法收集甲烷，甲烷应从_______端（选填“a”或“b”，下同）通入；若选用F装置用于排水法收集甲烷，瓶中先装满水，甲烷应从_______端通入。
试卷分析
-
【1】题量占比
简答题:(1道)
计算题:(1道)
推断题:(1道)
单选题:(12道)
选择题:(3道)
填空题:(7道)
实验题:(1道)
-
【2】：难度分析
1星难题：0
2星难题：0
3星难题：0
4星难题：0
5星难题：0
6星难题：8
7星难题：0
8星难题：14
9星难题：1