上海市金山中学2017-2018学年高二上学期期末考试物理试题

适用年级:高二
试卷号:216149

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2019/2/28

1.单选题(共10题)

1.
在建立磁场和磁感线的概念时,先引入电场和电场线,这种处理物理问题的方法都属于(    )
A.控制变量的方法B.观察、实验的方法
C.等效替代的方法D.类比的方法
2.
如图所示,AB是点电荷负Q形成的电场中的两点(rA< rB)。若先后把带电量很小,不会影响Q形成电场的正点电荷q1q2q1>q2)分别放到A点和B点,q1q2A点受到的电场力分别为FA1FA2,在B点受到的电场力分别为FB1FB2。则下列关于点电荷所受电场力F和带电量q的比值的大小的比较中,正确的说法是(   )
A. ,B.,  
C. ,D.,  
3.
如图所示,弹簧秤下挂一条形磁棒,其中条形磁棒N极的一部分位于未通电的螺线管内,下列说法正确的是 ( )
A.若将a接电源正极,b接电源负极,弹簧秤的示数将减小.
B.若将a接电源正极,b接电源负极,弹簧秤的示数将增大.
C.若将a接电源正极,b接电源负极,弹簧秤的示数将不变
D.不能确定,与磁铁进入通电螺线管的长度有关。
4.
在图所示电路中,开始时电键K1K2均闭合,现先断开电键K1,则电压表与电流表的示数均发生变化,设它们的示数变化量之比为M1DU1DI1,再断开电键K2,两表新的示数变化量之比为M2DU2DI2,若已知R2R3,则比较M1M2的绝对值大小应有:(    )
A.M1M2B.M1M2
C.M1M2D.无法确定
5.
如图所示,a、b是等量异种点电荷连线的中垂线上的两点,则某检验电荷在a、b处()
A.电场力大小相等方向相同B.电场力大小不等方向相反
C.电势能相同D.电势能不同
6.
如图,水平直线表示电场中的一条电场线,A、B为电场线上的两点。一负点电荷仅在电场力作用下,从静止开始由A向B做匀加速运动。则电场强度

A. 逐渐增大,方向向左    B. 逐渐增大,方向向右
C. 保持不变,方向向左    D. 保持不变,方向向右
7.
如图所示,在A、B两点上放置两个点电荷,它们的电荷量分别为q1、q2,MN是过a、b的直线,P是直线上的一点。若P点的场强为零,则()

A. q1、q2都是正电荷,且q1>q2
B. q1是正电荷,q2是负电荷,且q1<|q2|
C. q1是负电荷,q2是正电荷,且|q1|>q2
D. q1、q2都是负电荷,且|q1|<|q2|
8.
如图,一个环形电流的中心有一根通电直导线,则环受到的磁场力(    )
A.沿环半径向外
B.沿环半径向内
C.沿水平向左
D.等于零
9.
为了尽量减少地磁场对实验现象的影响,在做奥斯特实验时()
A.必须在地球赤道上进行
B.通电直导线应该沿南北方向水平放置
C.通电直导线应该沿东西方向水平放置
D.通电直导线必须竖直放置
10.
如图所示,质量为m、带电荷量为+q的滑块,沿绝缘斜面匀速下滑,当滑块滑至竖直向下的匀强电场区时,滑块的运动状态为(  )
A.继续匀速下滑
B.将加速下滑
C.将减速下滑
D.上述三种情况都有可能发生

2.选择题(共1题)

11.

阅读理解

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3.填空题(共3题)

12.
如图所示,水平平行线代表电场线,但未指明方向,带电量为10-8C的正电微粒,在电场中只受电场力的作用,由A运动到B,动能损失2×10-4J,A点的电势为-2×103V,则微粒运动轨迹是虚线______(填“1”或“2”),B点的电势为_________V。
13.
一根电阻丝,通过2 C电量时消耗电能8 J,则在相同时间内通过4 C电量时,电阻丝两端的电压为_________V,消耗电能为_________J。
14.
如图,用两根绝缘细线将A、B两小球连接后挂在天花板上。A球带负电,电荷量为2q;B球带正电,质量为m,电荷量为q。在小球所处空间,外加一个方向向下的匀强电场,电场强度大小为E。若两细线均被拉直,AB间距离为l,则细线对B的拉力大小为______________。若突然撤去外加电场,之后B球的电势能的变化情况是_____________。(已知重力加速度为g,静电力恒量为k

4.解答题(共2题)

15.
如图所示,一均匀带正电的无限长细直棒水平放置,带电细直棒在其周围产生方向与直棒垂直向外辐射状的电场,场强大小与直棒的距离成反比.在直棒上方有一长为a的绝缘细线连接了两个质量均为m的小球ABAB所带电量分别为+q和+4q,球A距直棒的距离为a,两球恰好处于静止状态.不计两小球之间的静电力作用.

(1)求细线的张力;
(2)剪断细线,若A球下落的最大速度为vm,求A球下落到速度最大过程中,电场力对A球做的功.
(3)分析剪断细线后,B球的运动情况及能量的转化情况.
16.
如图所示,在倾角为θ的光滑斜面上垂直纸面放置一根长为L,质量为m的直导体棒,一匀强磁场垂直于斜面向下,当导体棒内通有垂直纸面向里的电流I时,导体棒恰好静止在斜面上.(重力加速度为g)

(1)分析、判断导体棒所受安培力的方向,
(2)匀强磁场的磁感应强度的大小。
(3)若磁场方向可以变化,要保持导体棒静止在斜面上,试再举出两个可能的磁场方向,并分析说明磁感应强度B的大小。

5.实验题(共1题)

17.
“用DIS研究通电螺线管的磁感应强度”实验中,在给螺线管通电____(填“前”或“后”)必须对磁传感器调零。实验中若发现磁传感器读数为负值,则使要读数出现正值的操作是:____________________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(1道)

    填空题:(3道)

    解答题:(2道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:8

    9星难题:1