2012-2013学年度南京师大附中高三上学期期中考试物理试卷(带解析)

适用年级:高三
试卷号:211750

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2017/7/19

1.选择题(共9题)

1.

如图所示,水平传输带以4m/s的速度匀速运动,传输带两端A、B间的距离为20m,将一质量为2kg的木块无初速地放在A端,木块与传输带间的动摩擦因数为µ=0.2.试求:木块从A端运动到B端所用的时间?

2.

如图所示,质量为m的木块,被水平力F紧压在倾角为θ=60°的墙面上处于静止.则关于木块的受力情况、墙面对木块的作用力(压力与摩擦力的合力),下列说法正确的是(  )

3.

阅读理解

    Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore(探索), enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?

The Travel Pavilion

    Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.

    Visit the Amazon jungle(丛林) village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing...

The Future Tower

    This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we'll be living then. Spend some time in our space station and climb into our simulator(模拟装置) for the Journey to Mars!

The Nature Park

    This is not really one park but several.

    In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers: see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see...

The Pyramid

    This is the center of Adventureland. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping center. Come here for information and ideas too.

4.

阅读理解

    Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore(探索), enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?

The Travel Pavilion

    Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.

    Visit the Amazon jungle(丛林) village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing...

The Future Tower

    This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we'll be living then. Spend some time in our space station and climb into our simulator(模拟装置) for the Journey to Mars!

The Nature Park

    This is not really one park but several.

    In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers: see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see...

The Pyramid

    This is the center of Adventureland. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping center. Come here for information and ideas too.

5.

阅读理解

    Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore(探索), enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?

The Travel Pavilion

    Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.

    Visit the Amazon jungle(丛林) village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing...

The Future Tower

    This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we'll be living then. Spend some time in our space station and climb into our simulator(模拟装置) for the Journey to Mars!

The Nature Park

    This is not really one park but several.

    In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers: see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see...

The Pyramid

    This is the center of Adventureland. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping center. Come here for information and ideas too.

6.

两个相同的小球A和B,质量均为m,用长度相同的两根细线把A、B两球悬挂在水平天花板上的同一点O,并用长度相同的细线连接A、B两小球,然后,用一水平方向的力F作用在小球A上,此时三根细线均处于直线状态,且OB细线恰好处于竖直方向,如图所示.如果不考虑小球的大小,两小球均处于静止状态,则

7.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The main cause of death and disability in the US

    Stroke (中风) is the main cause of death and disability in the United States. Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} It is the nation's third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. The following is something more about stroke.

Definition and description of a stroke

    Stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease. It affects the arteries(动脉) leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel(血管) that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} So stroke forms.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    The American Stroke Association has identified several factors (因素) that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can't control, such as increasing age, family health history, race, and previous stroke. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be improved with a healthcare provider's help.

Breakthroughs in treatment

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} In fact, about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediately.

A. Risk factors of a stroke.

B .Warning signs of a stroke.

C. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one.

D. A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.

E. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.

F. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood and oxygen it needs.

G .The more common kind of stroke is caused by a blood clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain.

8.

某同学在学校长为25m的泳池进行50m仰泳比赛中,若测得他(可视为质点)游完全程的时间为100s,则他在这50m仰泳中(  )

9.阅读下面的选文,完成下列小题。

海子爷与老雪狼

郭雪波

    ①漠北。苦寒之地,有一大泽,老百姓管它叫天海子。天海子西畔一隅,扎着一座地窖子,里边住着海子爷。

    ②可以这么说,天海子周边百里就剩海子爷这么一位两条腿的活物了。当初大迁徙,儿孙们跪着求他,一块儿走了吧。海子爷晃脑袋说,不。儿子说,这儿已没法活人了。海子爷说,我有法活,开春儿我就往海子边儿撒草籽儿插树条子。儿子没辙,留足过冬食物抹着泪一步三回头地走了。可没有熬到过年,一场沙尘暴就把他的房子卷翻了,老汉便挨着天海子挖了一个地窖子穴居起来,就如一只老狼苦守着这片被弃的土地。

    ③天海子边崖下有一洞穴,洞口上遮着沙蓬子。海子爷每天那经过都要吹吹口哨。那丛沙蓬子下便有了动静,若有若无的两点绿光十分微弱地在那里闪动。海子爷的嘴角呈现出微笑,心说:老伙计,还活着,活着就好。

    ④如往常一般,海子爷到天海子冰面,就往冰窟的深水放鱼钩鱼线。等着鱼儿咬钩。今天的头条鱼,半个时辰之后才上钩。海子爷从钩上取下那条鱼往身侧土筐里扔,习惯地回头望了望,想到不远处蹲着的老雪狼,兀自笑了。每当扔头条鱼时,他都会这样。

    ⑤那是三年前的事。当他把头条鱼扔进身侧土筐里,转瞬,鱼就被一只老狼叼走了。那老狼一瘸一瘸的,跑起路来歪歪扭扭,海子爷很快就追上了。他惊诧了:这老雪狼竟是他多年前的“冤家对头”——当年被人们围剿后逃脱的那只母狼。海子爷还清晰地记得,它和一只公狼被大伙围剿到天海子边,公狼为保护它而掉进天海子的那一刹那,它惨烈的嚎叫。想到这,海子爷盯视片刻,挥挥手说,你走吧!老雪狼低垂的雪色长尾冲海子爷摇了摇,咬着鱼蹒跚而去。海子爷一直目送着它回到天海子边沙崖下的那个洞穴,他终于相信了母狼一直守着天海子的传说。

    ⑥想到这些,海子爷便心生感叹。在冰天雪地的海子边,也只有他偏不肯逃离这片故土,还守在这里了。这些年,他们仿佛就成了一对彼此熟悉的伴儿守在这片荒漠。

    ⑦海子爷每天钓完鱼,路过老雪狼的岩洞,总要从筐里拣出一条鱼,扔过去。老雪狼待他走远,便从那丛沙蓬子后走出来,找到那条鱼,冲着海子爷的背影呜呜嚎两声,便转回穴内。今天也不例外。

    ⑧当日夜里,北风刮得紧。天海子边传来老雪狼的哀嚎。一早醒来,想到老雪狼昨夜的哀嚎,他放心不下要去看看。到了洞口,海子爷依旧吹起口哨,似有似无的绿点过了好久才出现,他松下心来。

    ⑨他下到天海子的冰面,凿了两个冰窟把鱼线放下去。可等了半天鱼就是不咬钩,海子爷冻得坐不住了,装备收线回家。突然,鱼线哧溜溜往水里窜,海子爷大喊一声“好大的鱼!”他拼命拽住线不松手。大鱼拼命地往水下逃窜。他猛地一个趔趄,便被那根鱼线倒拽进了冰窟里。海子爷从水下挣扎着冒出头,攀住冰窟边沿,攀爬,滑落,他的四肢开始变得僵直、麻木,海子爷有些无望了。突然,他的衣袖被什么紧紧地拽住了,抬头一看,竟是那只老雪狼。此时,老雪狼一双昏花模糊的老眼冒出很强的绿光,低着头,弓着腰身,撅着屁股,拼命拽拉渐渐下沉的海子爷。

    ⑩“谢谢你,老伙计!”海子爷冻紫的嘴巴张了张。

    ⑪唿儿——唿儿。老雪狼的喉咙里滚动有声,显然催促着海子爷赶紧使劲爬。可他麻木的四肢已经不太听使唤。老雪狼恼怒起来。呜呜低吼着,咆哮着,又拉又拽。老雪狼不走,也不松口,只一个姿势,低着头,弓着腰身,撅着屁股,拼命拽拉渐渐下沉的海子爷。慢慢地,它的身体变得僵硬,它的尖嘴自咬上海子爷的袖子就没有松开过。姿势也没有改变过。渐渐地,它的身躯连着海子爷一起被冻硬冻僵,纹丝不动了。

    ⑫海子爷和老雪狼就成为一对连体的活标本,仿佛是一对冰雕矗立在天海子空旷的冰面上,成为天海子的一部分,守护着这片天和地。

2.单选题(共2题)

10.
如图所示,两相同轻质硬杆OO1、OO2可绕其两端垂直纸面的水平轴O、O1、O2转动,在O点悬挂一重物M,将两相同木块m紧压在竖直挡板上,此时整个系统保持静止,f表示木块与挡板间摩擦力的大小,N表示木块与挡板间正压力的大小,若挡板间的距离稍许增大后,系统仍静止,且O1、O2始终等高,则(    )
A.N变大B.N变小C.f变大D.f变小
11.
小船横渡一条两岸平行的河流,船本身提供的速度大小、方向都不变,水流速度与河岸平行,已知小船的运动轨迹如图所示,则(    )
A.水流速度保持不变
B.越接近B岸水流速度越小
C.越接近B岸水流速度越大
D.由于水流速度的变化,将导致小船过河的时间变短

3.多选题(共4题)

12.
有三个质量相等的微粒A、B、C,从平行板电极左侧中央以相同的水平速度先后垂直于电场方向射入匀强电场中,它们落到正极板上的位置如图所示,已知它们中一个带正电、一个带负电、一个不带电,极板间匀强电场方向竖直向上,则( )
A.微粒A带正电,B不带电,C带负电
B.三个微粒在电场中运动的时间关系为tA>tB>tC
C.三个微粒在电场中运动的加速度关系为aA>aB>aC
D.三个微粒到达正极板的动能关系为EkA>EkB>EkC
13.
关于环绕地球运动的卫星,下列说法正确的是( )
A.沿椭圆轨道运行的一颗卫星,在轨道不同位置可能具有相同的速率
B.沿椭圆轨道运行的一颗卫星,其速度可能大于第一宇宙速度
C.在赤道上空运行的两颗地球同步卫星,它们的轨道半径有可能不同
D.经过北京上空的两颗卫星,它们的轨道平面可能不同
14.
(4分)(2011•海南)一物体自t=0时开始做直线运动,其速度图线如图所示.下列选项正确的是()
A.在0~6s内,物体离出发点最远为30m
B.在0~6s内,物体经过的路程为40m
C.在0~4s内,物体的平均速率为7.5m/s
D.在5~6s内,物体所受的合外力做负功
15.
如图,质量分别为mA和mB的两小球带有同种电荷,电荷最分别为qA和qB,用绝缘细线悬挂在天花板上。平衡时,两小球恰处于同一水平位置,细线与竖直方向间夹角分别为θ1与θ2(θ1>θ2)。两小球突然失去各自所带电荷后开始摆动,最大速度分别vA和vB,最大动能分别为EkA和EkB。则 : ( )
A.mA一定小于mBB.qA一定大于qB
C.vA一定大于vBD.EkA一定大于EkB

4.解答题(共3题)

16.
(15分)如图所示,一轻绳吊着粗细均匀的棒,棒下端离地面高H,上端套着一个细环,棒和环的质量均为m,相互间最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力kmg(k>1),断开轻绳,棒和环自由下落,假设棒足够长,与地面发生碰撞时,触地时间极短,无动能损失,棒在整个运动过程中始终保持竖直,空气阻力不计,求:

⑴棒第一次与地面碰撞弹起上升过程中,环的加速度;
⑵棒与地面第二次碰撞前的瞬时速度;
⑶从断开轻绳到棒和环都静止,摩擦力对棒和环做的功分别是多少?
17.
如图所示,跳台滑雪运动员经过一段加速滑行后从O点水平飞出,从水平飞出时开始计时,经t=3.0s落到斜坡上的A点.已知O点是斜坡的起点,斜坡与水平面的夹角θ=37°,运动员看成质点,不计空气阻力.取重力加速度g=10m/s2,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8.求:
(1)A点与O点的距离L;
(2)运动员离开O点时的速度大小V1及落到A点时的速度大小V2
18.
中国自行研制,具有完全自主知识产权的“神舟号”飞船,目前已经达到或优于国际第三代载人飞船技术,其发射过程简化如下:飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心发射,由长征运载火箭送入近地点为A、远地点为B的椭圆轨道上,A点距地面的高度为h,飞船飞行五周后进行变轨,进入预定圆轨道,如图所示,设飞船在预定圆轨道上飞行n圈所用时间为t,若已知地球表面重力加速度为g,地球半径为R,求:

(1)地球的平均密度是多少;
(2)飞船经过椭圆轨道近地点A时的加速度大小;
(3)椭圆轨道远地点B距地面的高度。

5.实验题(共2题)

19.
(8分)在“探究力的平行四边形定则”的实验中,用图钉把橡皮筋的一端固定在板上的A点,在橡皮筋的另一端拴上两条细绳,细绳另一端系在绳套B、C(用来连接弹簧测力计),其中A为固定橡皮筋的图钉,O为橡皮筋与细绳的结点,OB和OC为细绳。

⑴本实验中,除了方木板、白纸、图钉、细绳套、橡皮筋、铅笔、弹簧秤外,还需要的器材有:   
   
⑵本实验采用的科学方法是
A.理想实验法 B.等效替代法
C.控制变量法 D.建立物理模型法
⑶实验中,假如F1的大小及方向固定不变,那么为了使橡皮筋仍然伸长到O点,对F2来说,下面几种说法中正确的有
A.F2可以有多个方向
B.F2的方向和大小可以有多个值
C.F2的方向和大小是唯一确定值
D.F2的方向是唯一确定值,但大小可以有多个值
⑷下图是李明和张华两位同学在做以上实验时得到的结果,其中比较符合实验事实的是 的实验结果。(力F′是用一只弹簧秤拉时的图示)
20.
(10分)为研究“在外力一定的条件下,物体的加速度与其质量间的关系”,某同学设计了如图所示的实验装置,图中打点计时器的交流电源频率为f=50Hz。

⑴完成下列实验步骤中的填空:
①平衡小车所受的阻力:小吊盘中不放物块,调整木板右端的高度,用手轻拨小车,直到打点计时器打出一系列 的点;
②按住小车,在小吊盘中放入适当质量的物块,在小车中放入砝码;
③打开打点计时器电源,释放小车,获得带有点迹的纸带,在纸带上标出小车中砝码的质量m;
④按住小车,改变小车中砝码的质量,重复步骤③;
⑤在每条纸带上清晰的部分,每5个间隔标注一个计数点,测量相邻计数点的间距s1,s2,…,求出与不同m相对应的加速度a;
⑥以砝码的质量m为横坐标,为纵坐标,在坐标纸上作出-m关系图线。
⑵完成下列填空:
①本实验中,为了保证在改变小车中砝码的质量时,小车所受的拉力近似不变,小吊盘和盘中物块的质量之和应满足的条件是
②下图为用米尺测量某一纸带的情况,a可用s1、s3和f表示为a= ,由图可读出s1、s2、s3,其中s1 cm,代入各数据,便可求得加速度的大小;

③下图为所得实验图线的示意图,设图中直线的斜率为k,在纵轴上的截距为b,若牛顿定律成立,则小车受到的拉力为    ,小车的质量为
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    选择题:(9道)

    单选题:(2道)

    多选题:(4道)

    解答题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:0