云南省峨山彝族自治县第一中学2017-2018学年高二下学期5月月考物理试题

适用年级:高二
试卷号:200217

试卷类型:月考
试卷考试时间:2018/6/2

1.单选题(共7题)

1.
在竖直向上的匀强磁场中,水平放置一个不变形的单匝金属圆线圈,规定线圈中感应电流的正方向如图甲所示,当磁场的磁感应强度B随时间t如图乙变化时,正确表示线圈中感应电动势E变化的是图中的(    )
A.B.
C.D.
2.
弹簧上端固定,下端悬挂一根磁铁,将磁铁抬到某一高度放下,磁铁能上下振动较长时间才停下来.如图甲所示,如果在磁铁下端放一个固定的铁制金属圆环,使磁铁上、下振动穿过它,能使磁铁较快地停下来.如图乙所示,若将铁环换成超导环如图丙所示,可以推测下列叙述正确的是(  )
A.放入超导环,磁铁的机械能转化成一部分电能,而电能不会转化为内能,能维持较大电流,从而对磁铁产生更大阻力,故超导环阻尼效果明显
B.放入超导环,电能不能转化为内能,所以没有机械能与电能的转化,超导环不产生阻尼作用
C.放入铁环,磁铁的机械能转化为电能,然后进一步转化为内能,磁铁的机械能能迅速地转化掉,具有阻尼效果
D.放入铁环,磁铁的机械能转化为热能,损失掉了,能起阻尼作用
3.
长为a、宽为b的矩形线圈,在磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中,绕垂直于磁场的OO′轴以恒定的角速度ω旋转.设t=0时,线圈平面与磁场方向平行,则此时的磁通量和磁通量的变化率分别是(  )
A.0,0B.0,BabωC.,0D.BabBabω
4.
如图,N匝矩形导线恒以角速度ω绕对称轴OO′匀速转动,线圈面积为S,线框电阻、电感均不计,在OO′左侧有磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场,外电路接有电阻R理想电流表A,那么可以确定是(  )
A.从图示时刻起,线框产生的瞬时电动势为E=NBωSsinωt
B.交流电流表的示数I=NBS
C.R两端电压的有效值U= NBS
D.一个周期内R的发热量Q=
5.
如图甲所示,一理想变压器的原线圈串联一电流表,并接在有效值为220 V的交流电源上,副线圈利用导线通过滑动变阻器和小灯泡串联,其中滑动变阻器接入电路部分的电阻R0=10 Ω,小灯泡的电压RL=5 Ω,如图甲所示;现用示波器测出小灯泡两端的电压变化图象如图乙所示,则下列说法正确的是(  )
A.交变电流的频率为100 Hz
B.原副线圈的匝数比n1n2=10∶1
C.电流表的读数I=1.32 A
D.滑动变阻器的触头向右滑动,变压器的输入功率增大
6.
两矩形线圈分别在匀强磁场中绕垂直于磁场的轴匀速转动,线圈中产生的感应电动势e随时间t的变化关系分别如图中甲、乙所示,则下列说法正确的是(   )
A.两交变电流的频率之比f:f=1:2
B.两交变电流的电动势有效值之比E:E=3:1
C.t=1s时,两线圈中的磁通量的变化率均为零
D.t=1s时,两线圈均处在与中性面垂直的位置上
7.
如图所示,一正弦交流电瞬时值为,通过一个理想电流表,接在一个理想的降压变压器两端。以下说法正确的是
A.流过r的电流方向每秒钟变化50次
B.变压器原线圈匝数小于副线圈匝数
C.开关从断开到闭合时,电流表示数变小
D.开关闭合前后,AB两端电功率可能相等

2.选择题(共4题)

8.

阅读理解

    “Image is everything.” An entire industry has been built upon the concept that image is everything, but an appealing image isn't enough when there's no substance behind it.

    First of all, one should consider how important image is in selling products and services. Advertising agencies have raised the art of creating an image to a state of near perfection. But if the product or service doesn't live up to it, customers will be very dissatisfied. The recent scandal (丑闻) about the Arthur Andersen accounting firm showed that behind that image, it had unfair business practices under the table. Despite the previous positive image, the firm is being accused of criminal actions. Although the image had been nearly perfect, the reality behind the image has led to its downfall.

    Similarly, personal consultants(顾问) can build up a very positive public image for politicians and movie stars in the view of the general commons. But once again, history is filled with examples of both that fell from grace (体面) like the story of the Hollywood actor giving in to the pressures of fame and fortune. With people, just as with products and services, image is certainly important, but without positive substance behind it, failure is close.

    To conclude, it's clear that an appealing image is extremely important to success, whether that image is related to selling a product or service or to the “selling” of a person. But image is only half of the equation(等式). What lies behind that image is every bit as important as the image itself — the person or product must live up to that image or there's little chance for long-term success.

9.

阅读理解

    “Image is everything.” An entire industry has been built upon the concept that image is everything, but an appealing image isn't enough when there's no substance behind it.

    First of all, one should consider how important image is in selling products and services. Advertising agencies have raised the art of creating an image to a state of near perfection. But if the product or service doesn't live up to it, customers will be very dissatisfied. The recent scandal (丑闻) about the Arthur Andersen accounting firm showed that behind that image, it had unfair business practices under the table. Despite the previous positive image, the firm is being accused of criminal actions. Although the image had been nearly perfect, the reality behind the image has led to its downfall.

    Similarly, personal consultants(顾问) can build up a very positive public image for politicians and movie stars in the view of the general commons. But once again, history is filled with examples of both that fell from grace (体面) like the story of the Hollywood actor giving in to the pressures of fame and fortune. With people, just as with products and services, image is certainly important, but without positive substance behind it, failure is close.

    To conclude, it's clear that an appealing image is extremely important to success, whether that image is related to selling a product or service or to the “selling” of a person. But image is only half of the equation(等式). What lies behind that image is every bit as important as the image itself — the person or product must live up to that image or there's little chance for long-term success.

10.

下列关于电源电动势概念的认识中,正确的是(   )

11.

下列关于电源电动势概念的认识中,正确的是(   )

3.多选题(共6题)

12.
如图,垂直于水平桌面向上的有界匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B,宽度为L.光滑均匀金属导轨OMON固定在桌面上,O点位于磁场的左边界,且OMON与磁场左边界成45°角.均匀金属棒ab放在导轨上,且与磁场的右边界重合.t=0时,金属棒在水平向左的外力F作用下以速度v0做匀速直线运动,直至通过磁场.已知均匀金属棒ab间的总电阻为R,其余电阻不计,则(  )
A.金属棒ab中的感应电流方向为从ab
B.在t时间内,通过金属棒ab截面的电荷量为
C.在t时间内,外力F的大小随时间均匀变化
D.在t时间内,流过金属棒ab的电流大小保持不变
13.
如图所示,“U”形金属框架固定在水平面上,金属杆ab与框架间无摩擦,整个装置处于竖直方向的磁场中.若因磁场的变化,使杆ab向右运动,则磁感应强度(  )
A.方向向下并减小
B.方向向下并增大
C.方向向上并增大
D.方向向上并减小
14.
如图,光滑金属导轨由倾斜和水平两部分组成,水平部分足够长且处在竖直向下的匀强磁场中,右端接一电源(电动势为E,内阻为r)。一电阻为R的金属杆PQ水平横跨在导轨的倾斜部分,从某一高度由静止释放,金属杆PQ进入磁场后的运动过程中,速度时间图象可能是下图中的 (导轨电阻不计) (  )
A.B.C.D.
15.
在输送功率和输电线总电阻都不变时,若把输电电压提高到原来的10倍,则下述正确的为(  )
A.输电线上的损耗电压为原来的
B.输电线上的电流为原来的
C.输电线上输送的功率为原来的
D.输电线上损失的功率为原来的
16.
对交流电通过电容器的理解正确的是 ( ).
A.交变电流能够使电容器极板间的绝缘介质变成导体
B.交变电流定向移动的电荷通过电容器两板间的绝缘介质
C.交变电流能够使电容器交替进行充电、放电,电路中就有了电流,表现为交变电流“通过”了电容器
D.交变电流通过了电容器,实际上自由电荷并没有“通过”电容器极板间的绝缘介质(击穿除外)
17.
磁感应强度为0.8T的匀强磁场中, 有一边长为20cm的10匝正方形线圈, 线圈的总电阻为1Ω, 线圈外接一阻值为9Ω的电阻R, 若以某一边长为轴在磁场中匀速转动, 现测得电阻R上的电功率为4.5W. 求:
(1)线圈产生的感应电动势的最大值.
(2)线圈在磁场中匀速转动的转速.

4.解答题(共3题)

18.
如图甲所示,固定在水平桌边上的“L”型平行金属导轨足够长,倾角为53°,间距L=2 m,电阻不计;导轨上两根金属棒abcd的阻值分别为R1=2Ω、R2=4Ω,cd棒质量m1=1.0kg,ab与导轨间摩擦不计,cd与导轨间的动摩擦因数μ=0.5,设最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,整个导轨置于磁感应强度B=5T、方向垂直倾斜导轨平面向上的匀强磁场中.现让ab棒从导轨上某处由静止释放,当它刚要滑出导轨时,cd棒刚要开始滑动.g取10m/s2sin 37°=0.6,cos 37°=0.8.

(1)在乙图中画出此时cd棒的受力示意图,并求出ab棒的速度;
(2)若ab棒无论从多高的位置释放,cd棒都不动,则ab棒质量应小于多少?
(3)假如cd棒与导轨间的动摩擦因数可以改变,则当动摩擦因数满足什么条件时,无论ab棒质量多大、从多高位置释放,cd棒始终不动?
19.
匀强磁场的磁感应强度B=0.8T,矩形线圈abcd的面积S=0.5m2,共10匝,开始B与S垂直且线圈有一半在磁场中,如图所示.

(1)当线圈绕ab边转过60°时,线圈的磁通量以及此过程中磁通量的改变量为多少?
(2)当线圈绕dc边转过60°时,求线圈中的磁通量以及此过程中磁通量的改变量.
20.
风力发电作为新型环保新能源,近几年来得到了快速发展,如图所示,风车阵中发电机输出功率为100 kW,输出电压是250 V,用户需要的电压是220 V,输电线总电阻为10 Ω.若输电线因发热而损失的功率为输送功率的4%,试求:

(1)在输电线路中设置的升、降压变压器原、副线圈的匝数比;
(2)用户得到的电功率是多少.

5.实验题(共2题)

21.
下图为“研究电磁感应现象”实验中所用器材的示意图,试回答下列问题:

(1)在该实验中电流计G的作用是__________________________________________________.
(2)按实验要求,将下面的实物连成电路_____.
(3)在产生感应电流的回路中,器材中哪个相当于电源(填字母代号)_____
22.
有一个教学用的可拆变压器,如图甲所示,它有两个外观基本相同的线圈AB,线圈外部还可以绕线.

(1)某同学用一多用电表的同一欧姆挡先后测量了AB线圈的电阻值,指针分别对应图乙中的ab位置,由此可推断________线圈的匝数较多(选填“A”或“B”).
(2)如果把它看成理想变压器,现要测定A线圈的匝数,提供的器材有:一根足够长的绝缘导线、一只多用电表和低压交流电源.请简要叙述实验的步骤(写出要测的物理量,并用字母表示):_______________________________________________________________.
(3)A线圈的匝数为nA=________(用所测物理量符号表示).
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(4道)

    多选题:(6道)

    解答题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:10

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:1