2014届广东省揭阳一中、潮州金山中学高三下(开学初)联考物理试卷(带解析)

适用年级:高三
试卷号:174279

试卷类型:开学考试
试卷考试时间:2017/7/19

1.单选题(共2题)

1.
在图中,PQ,MN为光滑金属导轨,ab为金属棒,与电源组成闭合电路,该装置在竖直平面内。为使ab静止,可将该装置放在匀强磁场中,其磁场方向应是
A.竖直向上B.竖直向下
C.垂直于纸面向外D.垂直于纸面向内
2.
如图所示,乘坐游乐园的翻滚过山车时,质量为m的人随车在竖直平面内旋转,下列说法正确的是(   )
A.车在最高点时人处于倒坐状态,全靠保险带拉住,没有保险带,人就会掉下来
B.人在最高点时对座位不可能产生压力
C.人在最低点时对座位的压力等于mg
D.人在最低点时对座位的压力大于mg

2.选择题(共4题)

3.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    On the first day of school our teacher introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't already know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder.

    I turned around to find a little old lady with a warm smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I'm eighty-seven years old.”

    “Why are you in university at such a YOUNG age?” I asked. She replied, “I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of kids, and then retire and travel.”

    I knew she was joking. I was curious what might have encouraged her to be taking on this challenge at her age.

    “I always dreamed of having a university education and now I'm getting one!” she told me. We became friends. Every day we would talk nonstop after class. I always enjoyed listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. And Rose easily made friends wherever she went.

    At the end of the term we invited Rose to make a little speech. She cleared her throat(喉咙) and began, “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. I've learned a few secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die.”

    “There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity(机会) in change...”

4.

下列现象中,通过热传递改变物体内能的是:(   )

5.

水的比热容大,人们往往利用它的这一特性为生活、生产服务,下列事例中与它的这一特性无关的是(   )

6.

水的比热容大,人们往往利用它的这一特性为生活、生产服务,下列事例中与它的这一特性无关的是(   )

3.多选题(共2题)

7.
物体只在力F的作用下从静止开始运动,其F-t图象如图所示,则物体
A.在t1时刻加速度最大
B.在0~t1时间内做匀加速运动
C.从t1时刻后便开始返回运动
D.在0~t2时间内,速度一直在增大
8.
某卫星绕地球做圆周运动的周期约为1.5小时,它与同步卫星相比
A.动能一定大B.向心力一定大
C.向心加速度一定大D.距离地面的高度一定小

4.解答题(共2题)

9.
如图所示,质量M=3.0kg的小车静止在光滑的水平地面上,其右侧足够远处有一挡板A,质量m=2.0kg的b球用长l=2m的细线悬挂于挡板正上方。一质量也为m=2kg的滑块(视为质点),以υ0=7m/s的初速度从左端滑上小车,同时对小车施加水平向右、大小为6N的恒力F,当滑块运动到平板车的最右端时,二者恰好相对静止,此时撤去恒力F。平板车碰到挡板时立即停止运动,滑块水平飞出小车后与b球正碰并粘在一起。已知滑块与小车间的动摩擦因数μ=0.3,g=10m/s2,问:

(1)撤去恒力F前,滑块、小车的加速度各为多大,方向如何?
(2)撤去恒力F时,滑块的速度为多大?
(3)悬挂b球的细线能承受的最大拉力为30N,a、b两球碰后,细线是否会断裂?(要求通过计算回答)
10.
如右图甲所示,间距为d的平行金属板MN与一对光滑的平行导轨相连,平行导轨间距L=d/2,一根导体棒ab以一定的初速度向右匀速运动,棒的右侧存在一个垂直纸面向里,大小为B的匀强磁场。棒进入磁场的同时,粒子源P释放一个初速度为0的带电粒子,已知带电粒子质量为m,电量为q.粒子能从N板加速到M板,并从M板上的一个小孔穿出。在板的上方,有一个环形区域内存在大小也为B,垂直纸面向外的匀强磁场。已知外圆半径为2d,里圆半径为d.两圆的圆心与小孔重合(粒子重力不计)

(1)判断带电粒子的正负,并求当ab棒的速度为v0时,粒子到达M板的速度v;
(2)若要求粒子不能从外圆边界飞出,则v0的取值范围是多少?
(3)若棒ab的速度v0只能是,则为使粒子不从外圆飞出,则可以控制导轨区域磁场的宽度S(如图乙所示),那该磁场宽度S应控制在多少范围内

5.实验题(共1题)

11.
(1)某实验小组利用如图甲所示的装置验证牛顿第二定律。他们将拉力传感器一端与细绳相连,另一端固定在小车上,用拉力传感器及数据采集器记录小车受到的拉力F的大小;小车后面的打点计时器,通过拴在小车上的纸带,可测量小车匀加速运动的加速度。图乙中的纸带上A、B、C为三个计数点,每两个计数点间还有打点计时器所打的4个点未画出,打点计时器使用的是50Hz交流电源。

①由图乙,AB两点间的距离为S1=3.27cm,AC两点间的距离为S2=8.00cm,小车此次运动经B点时的速度vB= m/s,小车的加速度a = m/s2;(保留三位有效数字)

②要验证牛顿第二定律,除了前面提及的器材及已测出的物理量外,实验中还要使用
   来测量出     
(2)某实验小组准备探究某种元件Q的伏安特性曲线,他们设计了如图甲所示的电路图.请回答下列问题:
①图乙中的实物连线按图甲的电路图补充完整.
②考虑电表内阻的影响,该元件电阻的测量值_______(选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)真实值.
③图甲中闭合开关S,电流表、电压表均有示数,但无论怎样移动变阻器滑动片,总不能使电压表的示数调为零.原因可能是图甲中的________(选填a、b、c、d、e、f)处接触不良.

④据实验测得的数据,作出该元件的,I-U图线如图丙所示,则元件Q在U=0.8V时的电阻值是___________,I-U图线在该点的切线的斜率的倒数1/K________ (选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)电阻值.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(2道)

    选择题:(4道)

    多选题:(2道)

    解答题:(2道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:4

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:0