人教版高中物理必修一第二章《匀变速直线运动的研究》单元检测题

适用年级:高一
试卷号:95588

试卷类型:单元测试
试卷考试时间:2018/9/19

1.单选题(共10题)

1.
在不计空气阻力的情况下,竖直上抛的物体抛出后经时间t回到原出发点.那么物体到达最大高度的一半处时速度的大小是(  )
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
2015年8月21日,在第29届世界大学生夏季运动会田径项目女子跳高决赛中,美国选手巴雷特夺得冠军.巴雷特的重心离地面高1.2 m,起跳后身体横着越过了1.96 m的高度.据此可估算出她起跳时的竖直速度大约为(取g=10 m/s2)(  )
A.2 m/s
B.4 m/s
C.6 m/s
D.8 m/s
3.
氢气球用绳子系着一个重物,以10m/s的速度匀速竖直上升,当到达40 m高度时,绳子突然断开,重物从断开到落地过程(g=10 m/s2)(  )
A.下落时间为5 s
B.下落时间为6 s
C.落地速度为10 m/s
D.落地速度为30 m/s
4.
一名质量为60 kg的运动员沿着一竖直滑杆向下滑行,他从滑杆顶端由静止开始先匀加速再匀减速下滑共12 m到达地面,到达地面时的速度恰好为零.如果他加速时的加速度大小是减速时的2倍,下滑的总时间为3 s,那么该运动员(  )
A.下滑过程中的最大速度为4 m/s
B.加速与减速过程的时间之比为2:1
C.加速过程中通过的位移大小为4 m
D.加速与减速过程的位移大小之比为1∶4
5.
一汽车在水平面上做匀变速直线刹车运动,其位移与时间的关系是:x=12t-3t2,则它在3 s内行驶的位移大小等于(  )
A.9 m
B.12 m
C.15 m
D.24 m
6.
小文利用打点计时器研究甲和乙两个物体的运动,分别得到2条纸带.对每条纸带,均选择合适的点作为第一个计数点,再依次每5个点取1个计数点,并在各计数点处将其剪断,然后将这些剪断的纸条粘贴在相同的坐标纸上,最后将纸条上端中心连起来,如图甲、乙所示.由图可判断(  )
A.乙物体的加速度比甲大
B.两物体均做匀速直线运动
C.打第三个计数点时,甲物体的速度比乙大
D.打第一个计数点时,物体的速度有可能为零
7.
一物体以初速度沿光滑斜面匀减速向上滑动,当上滑距离时,速度减为,物体恰滑到斜面顶部停下,则斜面长度为(   )
A.B.C.D.
8.
一物体从H高处自由下落,经时间t落地,则当它下落时,离地的高度为(  )
A.B.C.D.
9.
某同学为估测一教学楼的总高度,在楼顶将一直径为2cm的钢球由静止释放,测得通过安装在地面的光电门数字计时器的时间为0.001s,由此可知教学楼的总高度约为(不计空气阻力,重力加速度g取10m/s2)()
A.10mB.20mC.30mD.40m
10.
甲物体的质量是乙物体质量的3倍,它们在同一高度处同时自由下落,(不计空气阻力)则下列说法正确的是(  )
A.甲比乙先着地
B.甲与乙的加速度相同
C.甲、乙同时着地
D.无法确定谁先着地

2.选择题(共2题)

11.

阅读理解

       One day, a college student was taking a walk with a professor.As they went along, they saw lying in the path a pair of old shoes.They supposed the shoes belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearly finished his day's work.

      The student turned to the professor, saying, “ Let us play the man a trick: we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those bushes, and wait to see his confusion when he cannot find them”.

    “My young friend,” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor.But you are rich, and may give yourself a much greater pleasure by tricking on the poor man.Put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affects him.”

       The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by.The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.After he slipped his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something hard.He bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin.Astonishment and wonder were seen on his face.He fixed his eyes on the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again.He then looked around him on all sides, but no person was to be seen.He now put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe; but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.His feelings overcame him.He fell upon his knees, looked up to heaven and cried a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.

      The student stood there, deeply affected, and his eyes filled with tears.“Now,” said the professor, “are you not much better pleased than if you had played your intended trick?”

      The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget.”

12.

阅读理解

       One day, a college student was taking a walk with a professor.As they went along, they saw lying in the path a pair of old shoes.They supposed the shoes belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearly finished his day's work.

      The student turned to the professor, saying, “ Let us play the man a trick: we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those bushes, and wait to see his confusion when he cannot find them”.

    “My young friend,” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor.But you are rich, and may give yourself a much greater pleasure by tricking on the poor man.Put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affects him.”

       The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by.The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.After he slipped his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something hard.He bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin.Astonishment and wonder were seen on his face.He fixed his eyes on the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again.He then looked around him on all sides, but no person was to be seen.He now put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe; but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.His feelings overcame him.He fell upon his knees, looked up to heaven and cried a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.

      The student stood there, deeply affected, and his eyes filled with tears.“Now,” said the professor, “are you not much better pleased than if you had played your intended trick?”

      The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget.”

3.多选题(共1题)

13.
一物体以一定的初速度在水平地面上匀减速滑动,若已知物体在第1秒内位移为8.0 m,在第3秒内位移为0.5 m.则下列说法正确的是(  )
A.物体的加速度大小一定为3.75 m/s2
B.物体的加速度大小可能为3.75 m/s2
C.物体在第0.5秒末速度一定为8.0 m/s
D.物体在第2.5秒末速度一定为0.5 m/s

4.填空题(共2题)

14.
子弹以600m/s的初速度击中一静止在光滑水平面上的木块,经过0.05s穿出木块,子弹的速度变为200m/s,则子弹穿过木块过程中的加速度大小为________m/s2,方向______。若木块在此过程中产生了200m/s2的加速度,则木块获得的速度大小为___________m/s。
15.
有一质点做直线运动,其运动规律用如图甲所示的xt图象表示,由图可知在开始2 s内质点做匀速运动的速度为________m/s.请在如图乙所示的vt图象的坐标系中把该质点的运动规律表示出来_____________.



5.解答题(共1题)

16.
一物体由静止开始以加速度a1做匀加速运动,经过一段时间后加速度突然反向,且大小变为a2,经过相同时间恰好回到出发点,速度大小为5 m/s,求:
(1)物体加速度改变时速度的大小vm
(2)的值.

6.实验题(共3题)

17.
在探究匀变速直线运动规律的实验时,打点计时器的打点周期为T,纸带上从左向右一次打的点的间距如图所示,以下说法正确的是(  )
A.从第1点到第7点的时间是7T
B.纸带的加速度方向向右
C.如果纸带上连续相邻两段位移之差相等,即可判断该纸带做匀变速直线运动
D.计算纸带加速度的表达式为
18.
某同学用如图甲所示的装置测量重力加速度g,所用交流电的频率为50 Hz.在所选纸带上取某点为0计数点,然后每3个点取一个计数点,所有测量数据及其标记符号如图乙所示.


该同学用两种方法处理数据(T为相邻两个计数点的时间间隔).
法一由g1g2 , g5 ,取平均值=8.667 m/s2
法二由g1 ,g2 ,g3,取平均值=8.673 m/s2.
从数据处理方法看,在x1x2x3x4x5x6中,对实验结果起作用的,方法一中有________________________________________________________________________;
方法二中有______________________________________________________________;
因此,选择方法________(选填“一”或“二”)更合理,这样可以减少实验的________(选填“系统”或“偶然”)误差.本实验误差的主要来源有______________________________________(试举出两条).
19.
在“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”的实验中,打点计时器使用的交变电流的频率为50Hz,记录小车做匀变速运动的纸带如图所示.在纸带上选择标为0~5的六个计数点,相邻的两个计数点之间还有四个点没有画出.纸带旁并排放着带有最小刻度为毫米的刻度尺,零点跟“0”计数点对齐.
【小题1】由图可以读出1、3、5三个计数点跟“0”点的距离为d1d2d3,请将测量值填入表中__________.(结果保留两位小数)

【小题2】小车打计数点“2”时的速度大小为________m/s,打计数点“4”时的速度大小为________m/s,小车的加速度大小是________ m/s2.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(2道)

    多选题:(1道)

    填空题:(2道)

    解答题:(1道)

    实验题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:10

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:6

    9星难题:0