湖北十堰市2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试物理试题

适用年级:高一
试卷号:95536

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2018/2/19

1.单选题(共14题)

1.
关于速度、加速度、合力间关系的说法正确的是(  )
A.物体的速度越大,则物体的加速度越大,所受合力也越大
B.物体的速度为零,则物体的加速度一定为零,所受合力也为零
C.物体的速度为零,加速度可能很大,所受的合力也可能很大
D.物体的速度很大,加速度可能为零,所受的合力不一定为零
2.
关于描写红军长征的诗:“红军不怕远征难,万水千山只等闲”、“坐地日行八万里,巡天遥看一千河”,下列说法正确的是(  )
A.“坐地日行八万里”中,可以把地球看成质点
B.“坐地日行八万里”中的“日”是时刻
C.红军在远征中可以看做质点
D.“八万里”是位移
3.
一质点做匀变速直线运动,其速度 v与时间t的关系为v=4+2t(m/s),关于该质点的运动,下列说法正确的是
A.初速度为4m/sB.加速度为4 m/s2
C.在第2s末的速度大小为10m/sD.在2s内的位移大小为14m
4.
一汽车刹车后做匀减速直线运动,经3s停止,第1s内的位移是10m,则最后1s内的位移是
A.2mB.3mC.4mD.5 m
5.
关于自由落体运动(g=10m/s2),下列说法中正确的是
A.纸片和橡皮擦自由下落运动都可以认为是自由落体运动
B.做自由落体运动的物体在开始连续的三个1s内通过的位移之比是1:2:4
C.做自由落体运动的物体在开始连续的三个1s末的速度大小之比是1:2:3
D.做自由落体运动的物体从开始运动到距下落点5m、10m、15m 所经历的时间之比为1:2:3
6.
一滑块沿固定的斜面下滑时,通过速度传感器并利用计算机绘出了滑块运动过程中的速度-时间图象如图甲所示,现将0一t1时间内的图象划分成a、b、c、d四个部分,如图乙所示,则滑块在0-t1时间内的位移等于
A.a、b面积之和B.a、b、c面积之和
C.b、c面积之和D.a、b、c、d面积之和
7.
图示是某质点运动的v-t图象,由图象得到的正确结果是( )
A.0~1s内的平均速度是2m/s
B.0~5s内的位移大小是1m
C.1s~3s内的加速度小于5s~8s内的加速度
D.3s~5s内的运动方向与5s~8s内的运动方向相反
8.
如图所示,轻绳通过轻质动滑轮悬挂着一质量为m 的P 物体,一端与竖直墙壁上的A 点相连,另一端与质量也为m 的Q 物体连接(不计滑轮的摩擦),Q 物体放置在倾角为300的粗糙斜面上。现将绳沿竖直墙壁的悬挂点A 缓慢地向上移动(轻绳的长度不变),此过程中Q 物体一直处于静止状态。则此过程中以下判断正确的是
A.绳的拉力大小一直变大B.绳的拉力大小一直不变
C.物体Q所受的摩擦力先变小后变大D.物体P所受的合力逐渐变大
9.
如图所示,在水平面上有一个三角形木块a,在它的两个斜面上分别放置着质量为m1和m2的两个木块b和c,已知m1<m2,整个装置处于静止状态,则地面对三角形木块
A.有水平向右摩擦力作用
B.有水平向左摩擦力作用
C.有摩擦力作用,但摩擦力的方向不能确定
D.没有摩擦力的作用
10.
在光滑的水平面上,用水平力F1单独作用于某一物体上产生的加速度大小为3m/s2,用水平力F2单独作用于这一物体产生的加速度大小为5m/s2,若F1、F2同时作用于该物体,可能产生的加速度大小为
A.0.5m/s2B.1.5m/s2C.7m/s2D.11.5m/s2
11.
如图所示为节日里悬挂灯笼的一种方式,AB点等高,O为结点,轻绳AOBO长度相等,拉力分别为FAFB,灯笼受到的重力为G。下列表述正确的是
A.FA一定小于G
B.FAFB大小相等
C.FAFB是一对平衡力
D.FAFB大小之和等于G
12.
如图所示,放置在水平地面上的直角劈质量为M,上面放一质量为m的物体,若m在其上匀速下滑,M仍保持静止,那么正确的说法是
A.M对地面的压力等于(Mm)g
B.M对地面的压力大于(Mm)g
C.地面对M没有摩擦力
D.地面对M有向左的摩擦力
13.
火车在平直轨道上匀速行驶,门窗紧闭的车厢内有一人向上跳起,发现仍落回原处,这是因为
A.人跳起后,车厢内空气给他一个向前的力,带着他随同火车一起向前运动
B.人跳起后直至落地,在水平方向人和车始终有相同的速度
C.人跳起的瞬间,车厢的地板给他一个向前的力,推动他随同火车一起向前运动
D.人跳起后,车厢继续向前运动,所以人落下后必定偏后一些,只是上升时间很短,偏后距离太小,不明显而已
14.
如图所示,长木板放置在水平地面上,一小物块置于长木板的中央,长木板和物块的质量均为m,物块与木板间的动摩擦因数为,木板与水平地面间动摩擦因数为,已知最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力大小相等,重力加速度为g。现对物块施加一水平向右的拉力F,则下列说法中错误的是(    )
A.木板受到地面的摩擦力大小可能等于F
B.时,小物块始终保持静止
C.长木板的加速度可能等于
D.时,小物块相对长木板滑动

2.选择题(共4题)

15.

阅读理解

    Bit by bit, the sand dust that fills the sky is dying down. The blue sky and the burning sun once again hang over the desert.

    He is on the road, driving his beat-up yellow cab. The sides of the road are littered with damaged vehicles. Masses of smoke in the distance tell him that a war is being dragged on throughout his country.

    It's a fine day despite the choking heat. Not a breath of wind is blowing.

    A group of vehicles are traveling towards him, carrying many passengers. The scene reminds him of the market days in this country when crowds of trucks transport folks to the markets; the only difference is, this time, they are not trucks, but tanks, carrying foreigners, guns in hand. He stares at them. They stare back. So they pass by one another.

    “The damned war!” he whispers bitterly. Two days ago, a bomb fell on the market in front of his house, destroying nearly everything in sight. He survived by luck. He decided then and there that he would give up this cab business. This will be his final run. After this, he will leave this place together with his wife and children.

    “Shala and my children, we'll soon meet each other again, after I'm done here.” He turns his head to take a glance at a photo of his wife and children. The glass on the frame is broken, but their smiles in the picture do not fail to provide him with the only comfort that he has.

    Shortly he arrives at a checkpoint. Tanks sit by the side of the road, the sight of which sends a marked coldness through his backbone. A bunch of soldiers armed to the teeth stand by. A foreign soldier signals him to stop. He calms himself down and pulls over. During the past few days, nearly no civilian(平民)vehicles come out of the capital city, his car being the only one on roads.

    A few foreign soldiers come up to him, one, two, three, four, five. The leader bends over to have a look at the old car, then at him. “Where do you come from and where are you going?” With a smile on his face, he answers with a broken speech in the tongue that the soldier can understand, “Sir, I come from the capital. I'm leaving that place because it is a very dangerous place to be, with the war and everything.”

    While talking, he hands a cigarette over to the soldier, then lights it up for him.

    “When will the war end?” he asks.

    “It won't take long. We'll soon give all of you in the capital the true freedom.” The soldier breathes a deep mouthful. He seems to have spotted the photo in the car, “The cigarette is not bad at all. Are those your wife and kids? I have two of my own, roughly the same age.”

    “Oh, yes, they are mine and they are constantly on my mind. They left the city a bit earlier, and I'm on my way to be reunited with them. Perhaps I'm never coming back. Driving a cab around during war times is too dangerous. I'm giving up the business.” He looks at the soldier, still smiling.

    “After we overthrow your dictator(独裁者), you won't have that to worry about. You can come back and pick up your life again.” The soldier is leaning on the door of the car. It is perhaps the first time in many days that he has seen a happy face among the local people. It cheers him up.

    “Maybe, but I have to go to see my family. If you would pay us a visit, my wife will prepare a good meal for all of you. Come with me. This is going to be my last business run and I won't even charge you.

    “Can't make it. We're on duty. Give our regards to your wife and kids.” The soldier is a bit excited, thinking maybe quite some locals have open arms for them after all. “Oh, yes, I almost forgot. The south is battle-infected. Where is your family?”

    Still smiling, he picks up the broken picture frame, presses a kiss on the photo, then turns around, staring into the eyes of that soldier, not quite himself from excitement, and the other foreign soldiers holding guns. Words drop out of his lips slowly but firmly: “Paradise.”

    Perhaps the last thing he sees is the confused, fearful, twisted expression on the face of that soldier, and the cigarette end dropping from his fingers. Then he pushes the button.

16.

阅读理解

    Bit by bit, the sand dust that fills the sky is dying down. The blue sky and the burning sun once again hang over the desert.

    He is on the road, driving his beat-up yellow cab. The sides of the road are littered with damaged vehicles. Masses of smoke in the distance tell him that a war is being dragged on throughout his country.

    It's a fine day despite the choking heat. Not a breath of wind is blowing.

    A group of vehicles are traveling towards him, carrying many passengers. The scene reminds him of the market days in this country when crowds of trucks transport folks to the markets; the only difference is, this time, they are not trucks, but tanks, carrying foreigners, guns in hand. He stares at them. They stare back. So they pass by one another.

    “The damned war!” he whispers bitterly. Two days ago, a bomb fell on the market in front of his house, destroying nearly everything in sight. He survived by luck. He decided then and there that he would give up this cab business. This will be his final run. After this, he will leave this place together with his wife and children.

    “Shala and my children, we'll soon meet each other again, after I'm done here.” He turns his head to take a glance at a photo of his wife and children. The glass on the frame is broken, but their smiles in the picture do not fail to provide him with the only comfort that he has.

    Shortly he arrives at a checkpoint. Tanks sit by the side of the road, the sight of which sends a marked coldness through his backbone. A bunch of soldiers armed to the teeth stand by. A foreign soldier signals him to stop. He calms himself down and pulls over. During the past few days, nearly no civilian(平民)vehicles come out of the capital city, his car being the only one on roads.

    A few foreign soldiers come up to him, one, two, three, four, five. The leader bends over to have a look at the old car, then at him. “Where do you come from and where are you going?” With a smile on his face, he answers with a broken speech in the tongue that the soldier can understand, “Sir, I come from the capital. I'm leaving that place because it is a very dangerous place to be, with the war and everything.”

    While talking, he hands a cigarette over to the soldier, then lights it up for him.

    “When will the war end?” he asks.

    “It won't take long. We'll soon give all of you in the capital the true freedom.” The soldier breathes a deep mouthful. He seems to have spotted the photo in the car, “The cigarette is not bad at all. Are those your wife and kids? I have two of my own, roughly the same age.”

    “Oh, yes, they are mine and they are constantly on my mind. They left the city a bit earlier, and I'm on my way to be reunited with them. Perhaps I'm never coming back. Driving a cab around during war times is too dangerous. I'm giving up the business.” He looks at the soldier, still smiling.

    “After we overthrow your dictator(独裁者), you won't have that to worry about. You can come back and pick up your life again.” The soldier is leaning on the door of the car. It is perhaps the first time in many days that he has seen a happy face among the local people. It cheers him up.

    “Maybe, but I have to go to see my family. If you would pay us a visit, my wife will prepare a good meal for all of you. Come with me. This is going to be my last business run and I won't even charge you.

    “Can't make it. We're on duty. Give our regards to your wife and kids.” The soldier is a bit excited, thinking maybe quite some locals have open arms for them after all. “Oh, yes, I almost forgot. The south is battle-infected. Where is your family?”

    Still smiling, he picks up the broken picture frame, presses a kiss on the photo, then turns around, staring into the eyes of that soldier, not quite himself from excitement, and the other foreign soldiers holding guns. Words drop out of his lips slowly but firmly: “Paradise.”

    Perhaps the last thing he sees is the confused, fearful, twisted expression on the face of that soldier, and the cigarette end dropping from his fingers. Then he pushes the button.

17.

关于磁体、磁场和磁感线,以下说法中正确的是(  )

18.

关于磁体、磁场和磁感线,以下说法中正确的是(  )

3.多选题(共1题)

19.
A、B两球的质量均为m,两球之间用轻弹簧相连,放在光滑的水平地面上,A球左侧靠墙,弹簧原长为L0,用恒力F向左推B球使弹簧压缩,如图所示,整个系统处于静止状态,此时弹簧长为L,下列说法正确的是(  )
A.弹簧的劲度系数为
B.弹簧的劲度系数为
C.若突然将力F撤去,撤去瞬间,AB两球的加速度均为0
D.若突然将力F撤去,撤去瞬间,A球的加速度为0,B球的加速度大小为

4.解答题(共3题)

20.
某一长直赛道上,有一辆F1赛车,前方200m处有一安全车正以10m/s的速度匀速前进,这时赛车从静止出发以2m/s2的加速度追赶.求:
(1)赛车何时追上安全车;
(2)追上之前与安全车最远相距多大;
(3)当赛车刚追上安全车时,赛车手立即刹车,使赛车以4m/s2的加速度做匀减速直线运动,问两车再经过多长时间再次相遇.(设赛车可以从安全车旁经过而不发生相撞)
21.
如图所示,用轻绳AC和BC 悬挂一重物,绳AC和BC 与水平天花板的夹角分别为600和300,已知悬挂重物的重量为 20N,求AC绳和BC 绳产生的拉力大小。
22.
质量 M=3kg的长木板放在水平光滑的平面上,在水平恒力F=11N作用下由静止开始向右运动,如图所示,当速度达到1m/s时,将质量m=4kg的物体轻轻放到木板的右端,已知物块与木板间动摩擦因数=0.2,g取10m/s2,求:

(1)物体经多长时间才与木板保持相对静止;
(2)物块与木板相对静止后,物块受到的摩擦力大小。

5.实验题(共2题)

23.
“验证力的平行四边形定则”的实验情况如图所示,其中A 为固定橡皮筋的图钉,O为橡皮筋与细绳的结点,OB 和OC为细绳,图乙是在白纸上根据实验结果画出的图示。

图乙中的F与F两力中,方向一定沿AO的方向的是力______。
24.
在利用图甲所示的装置探究加速度与力、质量的关系的实验中。

(1)下列做法正确的是_______(填字母代号)。
A.调节滑轮的高度,使牵引木块的细绳与长木板保持平行
B.在长木板带定滑轮的一端下面垫上一块薄木块,使小车在不受牵引力时能匀速下滑
C.实验时,先放开小车再接通打点计时器的电源
D.增减小车上的祛码改变质量后,不需要重新调节木板倾斜度
(2)图乙是实验中得到的一条纸带,纸带上已量出某些点间的距离。已知打点计时器的工作频率为50Hz,则小车的加速度a=______m/s2(结果保留两位有效数字)
 
(3)某同学利用图甲所示的装置,在水平桌面上没有平衡摩擦力的情况下,研究加速度a与拉力F的关系时,得到图丙所示图线。已知图线与横轴的交点为F0,与纵轴的交点为一a0,重力加速度为g,则小车及车上砝码的总质量为_________,在运动过程中小车及车上砝码受到的阻力与重力之比为____________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(14道)

    选择题:(4道)

    多选题:(1道)

    解答题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:15

    9星难题:1