云南省丽江市古城二中2017-2018学年度上学期期中考试高一物理试题

适用年级:高一
试卷号:94736

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2018/5/5

1.单选题(共8题)

1.
在长浏高速公路上,分别有如图所示的甲、乙两块告示牌,告示牌上面数字的意思是(  )
A.甲是指位移,乙是平均速度大小
B.甲是指路程,乙是平均速度大小
C.甲是指位移,乙是瞬时速度大小
D.甲是指路程,乙是瞬时速度大小
2.
第十五届欧洲杯足球赛于2016年6月11日3∶00(北京时间),在法国巴黎揭幕,所有比赛历时31天.以上记录的数据分别指的是 (  )
A.时刻和时间间隔
B.时间间隔和时刻
C.都是时刻
D.都是时间间隔
3.
有下列几种情景,请根据所学知识选择对情景的分析和判断正确的说法(    )
A.点火后即将升空的火箭,因火箭还没运动,所以加速度一定为零
B.高速公路上沿直线高速行驶的轿车为避免事故紧急刹车因轿车紧急刹车,速度变化很快,所以加速度很大
C.高速行驶的磁悬浮列车,因速度很大,所以加速度也一定很大
D.太空中的“天宫一号”绕地球匀速转动,其加速度为零
4.
关于加速度的概念,以下说法中正确的是(  )
A.物体运动的加速度方向与初速度方向相同,物体的运动速度将增大
B.物体运动的加速度大小表示了速度变化的大小
C.加速度的正负表示了物体运动的方向
D.做匀变速直线运动的物体速度增大的过程中,它的加速度一定为正值
5.
如图所示,气垫导轨的滑块上安装了宽度为d的遮光板,做加速运动的滑块先后通过两个光电门,数字毫秒计记录了遮光板通过第一个光电门的时间为t1,通过第二个光电门的时间为t2,遮光板从开始遮住第一个光电门到开始遮住第二个光电门的时间为Δt,下列测量结果中最接近真实值的是(  )
A.滑块运动的加速度为
B.滑块运动的加速度为
C.遮光板中点通过第一个光电门的速度为
D.遮光板前沿通过第一个光电门的速度为
6.
一汽车在水平面上做匀变速直线刹车运动,其位移与时间的关系是:x=12t-3t2,则它在3 s内行驶的位移大小等于(  )
A.9 m
B.12 m
C.15 m
D.24 m
7.
做加速度方向不变大小可变的变速直线运动的物体,下述情况中不可能出现的是 (    )
A.速度和位移均增大,加速度为零时,速度达到最大
B.速度先减小后增大,速度变化越来越慢
C.速度逐渐减小,位移逐渐增大,速度减为零时,位移不是零
D.速度先增大、后减小,而位移一直在不断增大
8.
一质点沿x轴做匀加速直线运动。其位移—时间图象如图所示,则下列说法正确的是(  )
A.该质点的加速度大小为2 m/s2
B.该质点在t=1s时的速度大小为2m/s
C.该质点在t=0到t=2s时间内的位移大小为6m
D.该质点在t=0时速度为零

2.选择题(共2题)

9.

完形填空

    It was Christmas Eve 1881. I was 15 years old and feeling like the world was 1 for me because there hadn't been enough money to buy me the rifle that I'd wanted that year.

    Pa came back in and there was ice in his beard. “Come on, Matt,” Pa said. “Dress warmly. It's cold outside. We're going to Widow Jensen's. They are 2 wood.” Widow Jensen lived about two miles down the road. Her husband had died a year or so before and 3 her with three children, the oldest being eight.

    I 4 went out with Pa and we 5 the sled high with wood. 6 we went to the store and Pa took down a big ham, some bacon, a sack of flour and some shoes, which were put into a smaller sack. We rode the two miles to Widow Jensen's in 7. I tried to think through what Pa was doing. I knew we didn't have much money and Widow Jensen had 8 neighbors than us. It shouldn't have been our 9.

    Widow Jensen opened the door and let us in. She had a blanket wrapped around her 10. The children were wrapped in 11 and were sitting in front of the fireplace by a very small fire that 12 gave off any heat at all. “We brought you a few things , Ma'am,” Pa said and set down the sack of flour. I put the meat on the table. Then Pa handed her the sack that had the shoes in it.

    She 13 and took the shoes out one pair at a time. I watched her carefully. She bit her lower lip to keep it from 14 and then tears filled her eyes and started running down her cheeks. She looked up at Pa like she wanted to say something, 15 it wouldn't come out. “We brought a load of wood too, Ma'am,” Pa said. Then he turned to me and said,“Matt,go bring some in. ”

    I wasn't the 16 person when I went back out to bring in the wood. I choked and as much as I hate to 17 it, there were tears in my eyes too. In my mind I kept 18 those three kids huddled (蜷缩)around the fireplace and their mother standing there with tears running down her cheeks with so much 19 in her heart that she couldn't speak. Just then the rifle seemed very 20. Pa had given me the best Christmas of my life.

10.

We dislike people ______ talk much but never do anything.


3.多选题(共2题)

11.
下面关于加速度的描述中正确的是(  )
A.列车启动时的速率为零,而加速度不为零
B.匀速行驶的磁悬浮列车,由于其速度很大,所以加速度很大
C.加速度逐渐减小时,物体一定在做减速运动
D.加速度与运动方向相同时,物体一定在做加速运动
12.
物体由静止做匀加速直线运动,第5 s内通过的位移是4.5 m,则(  )
A.第5 s内平均速度是0.9 m/s
B.物体的加速度是1 m/s2
C.前3 s内的位移是1.5 m
D.3 s末的速度是3 m/s

4.填空题(共3题)

13.
下图表示AB两个球在运动过程中的频闪照片,数字表示频闪的时刻的顺序,每次连续频闪的时间间隔相等,则由图可知
(1) 其中_______球做匀速直线运动。
(2) 两球速度相等的时刻在与数字______和数字______对应的时刻之间.
14.
一辆轿车沿直线公路行驶,前时间内做匀速运动的速度大小为60 m/s,接着时间内做匀速运动的速度大小为48m/s ,则整个时间段内的平均速度大小为________m/s;若轿车在前一半位移内平均速度大小为60m/s,后一半位移内平均速度为40m/s,则全程平均速度大小为__________m/s .
15.
火车机车原来的速度是36 km/h,在一段下坡路上加速度为0.2 m/s2.机车行驶到下坡末端,速度增加到54 km/h.求机车通过这段下坡路所用的时间.

5.解答题(共2题)

16.
一物体从A点沿正东方向以5  m/s的速度运动6  s到达B点,然后又以10  m/s的速度向北匀速运动4  s到达C点.则这10  s内物体的平均速度是多大?
17.
如图所示,物体从光滑斜面上的A点由静止开始下滑,经过B点进入水平面(设经过B点前后速度大小不变),最后停在C点。每隔0.2s通过速度传感器测量物体的瞬时速度,下表给出了部分测量数据。(重力加速度g=10m/s2)求:

(1)物体在斜面和水平面上滑行的加速度大小;
(2)物体在斜面上下滑的时间;
(3)t=0.6s时的瞬时速度v.

6.实验题(共2题)

18.
利用打点计时器研究一个约1.4 m高的商店卷帘窗的运动、将纸带粘在卷帘底部,纸带通过打点计时器随卷帘在竖直面内向上运动,打点后的纸带如图所示,数据如表格所示,纸带中ABBCCD……每两点之间的时间间隔为0.1  s,根据各间距的长度,可计算出卷帘在各间距内的平均速度v,可将v近似地作为该间距中间时刻的瞬时速度.

(1)请根据所提供的纸带和数据,在图中绘出卷帘运动的vt图象_____________.
(2)AK段的平均速度为________m/s.
19.
有位同学利用DIS实验来测小车的加速度:他做了一个U型遮光板,遮光片宽度为5 mm,两遮光片间的透光部分距离为10 cm,如图所示.将此遮光板装在小车上,实验时测得两次遮光时间分别为t1=0.100 s,t2=0.050 s,则第一个遮光片通过光电门的速度平均大小为______m/s;小车的加速度大小约为______m/s2.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(8道)

    选择题:(2道)

    多选题:(2道)

    填空题:(3道)

    解答题:(2道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:3

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:9

    9星难题:5