云南省元江县第一中学2018-2019年高一上学期期末考试物理试题

适用年级:高一
试卷号:93585

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2019/3/5

1.单选题(共11题)

1.
如图所示,某物体沿两个半径为R的圆弧由ABC,下列结论正确的是( )
A.物体的位移等于4R,方向向东B.物体的位移等于
C.物体的路程等于4R,方向向东D.物体的路程等于位移
2.
如下图所示,是一个半径为R的中国古代八卦图,中央S部分是两个半圆,练功人从A点出发沿相关路线进行(不能重复),在最后又到达A点.求在整个过程中,此人所经过的最大路程和最大位移分别为(  )
A.0;0B.2R;2R
C.(3π+2)R;2RD.(2π+2)R;2R
3.
如图所示描述质点运动的图象中,图线与时间轴围成的面积不表示对应时间内质点位移的是(  )
A.B.
C.D.
4.
一质点从静止开始由A点先做匀加速直线运动到B点,然后从B点做匀减速直线运动到C点时速度刚好为零.已知tAB=2tBC,那么在AB段和BC段(  )
A.加速度大小之比为2∶1
B.位移大小之比为1∶2
C.平均速度大小之比为2∶1
D.平均速度大小之比为1∶1
5.
如图所示,光滑斜面的倾角为30°,轻绳通过两个滑轮与A相连,轻绳的另一端固定于天花板上,不计轻绳与滑轮的摩擦。物块A的质量为m,不计滑轮的质量,挂上物块B后,当动滑轮两边轻绳的夹角为90°时,AB恰能保持静止,则物块B的质量为(  )
A. mB.mC.mD.2m
6.
在竖直悬挂的轻质弹簧下端挂一个钩码,弹簧伸长了4cm,如果在该弹簧下端挂两个这样的钩码(弹簧始终发生弹性形变),弹簧的伸长量为
A.4cmB.6cmC.8cmD.16cm
7.
.如图所示,一条细绳跨过定滑轮连接物体ABA悬挂起来,B穿在一根竖直杆上,两物体均保持静止,不计绳与滑轮、B与竖直杆间的摩擦,已知绳与竖直杆间的夹角为θ,则物体AB的质量之比mAmB等于( )

图4-2-24
A.cosθ∶1B.1∶cosθ
C.tanθ∶1D.1∶sinθ
8.
某物体由静止开始做直线运动,物体所受合力F随时间t变化的图象如图所示,在0~8 s内,下列说法正确的是(  )
A.0~2 s内物体做匀加速运动
B.6~8 s内物体做加速度减小的加速运动
C.物体在第4 s末离出发点最远,速率为最大
D.物体在第8 s末速度和加速度都为零,且离出发点最远
9.
为了节省能量,某商场安装了智能化的电动扶梯。无人乘行时,扶梯运转得很慢;有人站上扶梯时,它会先慢慢加速,再匀速运转。一顾客乘扶梯上楼,恰好经历了这两个过程,如图所示。那么下列说法中正确的是
A.顾客始终受到三个力的作用B.顾客始终处于超重状态C.顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指向左下方,再竖直向下D.顾客对扶梯作用的方向先指向右下方,再竖直向下
10.
关于超重和失重,下列说法正确的是(    )
A.物体处于超重时,物体一定在上升
B.物体处于失重状态时,物体可能在上升
C.物体处于完全失重时,地球对它的引力就消失了
D.物体在完全失重时,它所受到的合外力为零
11.
在箱式电梯里的台秤秤盘上放着一物体,在电梯运动过程中,某人在不同时刻拍摄了甲、乙、丙三张照片,如图所示,其中乙为电梯匀速运动时的照片.从这三张照片可判定(  )
A.拍摄甲照片时,电梯一定处于加速下降状态
B.拍摄丙照片时,电梯一定处于减速上升状态
C.拍摄丙照片时,电梯可能处于加速上升状态
D.拍摄甲照片时,电梯可能处于减速下降状态

2.选择题(共3题)

12.

阅读理解

       One day, a college student was taking a walk with a professor.As they went along, they saw lying in the path a pair of old shoes.They supposed the shoes belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearly finished his day's work.

      The student turned to the professor, saying, “ Let us play the man a trick: we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those bushes, and wait to see his confusion when he cannot find them”.

    “My young friend,” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor.But you are rich, and may give yourself a much greater pleasure by tricking on the poor man.Put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affects him.”

       The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by.The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.After he slipped his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something hard.He bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin.Astonishment and wonder were seen on his face.He fixed his eyes on the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again.He then looked around him on all sides, but no person was to be seen.He now put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe; but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.His feelings overcame him.He fell upon his knees, looked up to heaven and cried a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.

      The student stood there, deeply affected, and his eyes filled with tears.“Now,” said the professor, “are you not much better pleased than if you had played your intended trick?”

      The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget.”

13.

阅读理解

       One day, a college student was taking a walk with a professor.As they went along, they saw lying in the path a pair of old shoes.They supposed the shoes belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearly finished his day's work.

      The student turned to the professor, saying, “ Let us play the man a trick: we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those bushes, and wait to see his confusion when he cannot find them”.

    “My young friend,” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor.But you are rich, and may give yourself a much greater pleasure by tricking on the poor man.Put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affects him.”

       The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by.The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.After he slipped his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something hard.He bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin.Astonishment and wonder were seen on his face.He fixed his eyes on the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again.He then looked around him on all sides, but no person was to be seen.He now put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe; but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.His feelings overcame him.He fell upon his knees, looked up to heaven and cried a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.

      The student stood there, deeply affected, and his eyes filled with tears.“Now,” said the professor, “are you not much better pleased than if you had played your intended trick?”

      The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget.”

14.图10是以极点为中心的50°纬线图,图中数字表示经度数,P、Q之间和M、N之间为陆地。读图完成15-16题。

【小题1】P点附近的盛行风向是
A.东南风B.东北风C.西南风D.西北风
【小题2】关于P、Q、M、N四地的叙述,正确的是

3.多选题(共1题)

15.
在如图的位移-时间图像和速度-时间图像中,给出的四条图线甲、乙、丙、丁分别代表四辆车由同一地点沿同一方向的运动情况,则(  )
A.甲车做直线运动,乙车做曲线运动
B.0-t1时间内,甲车通过的路程等于乙车通过的路程
C.0-t2时间内,丙丁两车在 t2时刻相距最远
D.0-t2时间内,丙丁两车平局速度相等。

4.解答题(共2题)

16.
质量为M、长度为L的木板放在光滑水平地面上,在木板的左端放有一个质量为m的小木块,开始时小木块和木板都处于静止状态,某一时刻,用一水平恒力将小木块从木板左端推向右端,如图所示,若小木块与木板之间动摩擦因数为μ,且认为两者之间静摩擦力最大值与其间滑动摩擦力大小相等,小木块可视为质点.试求:若能将小木块推向木板右端,水平恒力的最小值为多大?
17.
如图所示,长L=9 m的木板质量为M=50 kg,木板置于水平地面上,木板与地面间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.1,质量为m=25 kg的小孩立于木板左端,木板与人均静止,人以a1=4 m/s2的加速度匀加速向右奔跑至板的右端,求:
(1)木板运动的加速度a2的大小;
(2)小孩从开始奔跑至到达木板右端所经历的时间.

5.实验题(共2题)

18.
某同学用图甲所示装置测定重力加速度。(已知打点频率为50Hz)

(1)实验时下面步骤的先后顺序是_____。
A.释放纸带 
B.打开打点计时器
(2)打出的纸带如图乙所示,可以判断实验时重物连接在纸带的_____(填“左”或“右”)端。
(3)图乙中是连续的几个计时点,每个计时点到0点的距离d如下表所示:

根据这些数据可求出重力加速度的测量值为_____。(保留三位有效数字)
19.
在“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”的实验中,打点计时器使用的交变电流的频率为50Hz,记录小车做匀变速运动的纸带如图所示.在纸带上选择标为0~5的六个计数点,相邻的两个计数点之间还有四个点没有画出.纸带旁并排放着带有最小刻度为毫米的刻度尺,零点跟“0”计数点对齐.
【小题1】由图可以读出1、3、5三个计数点跟“0”点的距离为d1d2d3,请将测量值填入表中__________.(结果保留两位小数)

【小题2】小车打计数点“2”时的速度大小为________m/s,打计数点“4”时的速度大小为________m/s,小车的加速度大小是________ m/s2.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(11道)

    选择题:(3道)

    多选题:(1道)

    解答题:(2道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:8

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:6

    9星难题:1