江西省莲花县复礼中学2017-2018学年高一上学期10月月考物理试题

适用年级:高一
试卷号:92943

试卷类型:月考
试卷考试时间:2017/12/20

1.单选题(共7题)

1.
下列几组物理量中,全部为矢量的一组是 ( )
A.速度、速度变化量、加速度
B.速度、速率、加速度
C.位移、速度、时间
D.路程、速度、时刻
2.
关于加速度概念的描述中,以下说法正确的是(   )
A.加速度数值很大的物体,速度必然很大
B.加速度数值很大的物体,速度的变化量必然很大
C.加速度数值很大的物体,速度可以减小得很快
D.加速度数值减小时,速度的值必然随之减小
3.
如图所示为一质点从t=0时刻开始,做初速度为零的匀加速直线运动的位移—时间图象,图中斜虚线为t=4 s时对应图象中的点的切线,交时间轴于t=2 s处,由此可知该质点做匀加速运动的加速度为(    )
A.B.C. .D.
4.
一辆汽车在平直的公路上行驶,刹车后它的位移与时间的关系x=24t–3t2,以下说法正确的有(   )
A.汽车运动的加速度大小为3m/s2
B.汽车在最初2s内的平均速度为18m/s
C.第1s末物体的速度为21m/s
D.前5s内汽车的位移为45m
5.
一物体从静止开始运动,其速度—时间图象如图所示,那么物体在0~t0和t0~2t0两段时间内(  )
A.加速度大小之比为1∶1
B.位移大小之比为1∶1
C.平均速度大小之比为2∶1
D.平均速度大小之比为1∶2
6.
A、B两物体从同一点开始运动,由A、B两物体的速度—时间图象(如图)可知下述说法中正确的是(  )

A. A、B两物体同时从同一位置向同一方向运动
B. A、B两物体自同一时刻向不同方向运动
C. A、B两物体的加速度大小均为5 m/s2
D. A、B两物体在A出发后4 s时,相距20 m
7.
一物体以初速度沿光滑斜面匀减速向上滑动,当上滑距离时,速度减为,物体恰滑到斜面顶部停下,则斜面长度为(   )
A.B.C.D.

2.选择题(共2题)

8.

阅读理解

    Bit by bit, the sand dust that fills the sky is dying down. The blue sky and the burning sun once again hang over the desert.

    He is on the road, driving his beat-up yellow cab. The sides of the road are littered with damaged vehicles. Masses of smoke in the distance tell him that a war is being dragged on throughout his country.

    It's a fine day despite the choking heat. Not a breath of wind is blowing.

    A group of vehicles are traveling towards him, carrying many passengers. The scene reminds him of the market days in this country when crowds of trucks transport folks to the markets; the only difference is, this time, they are not trucks, but tanks, carrying foreigners, guns in hand. He stares at them. They stare back. So they pass by one another.

    “The damned war!” he whispers bitterly. Two days ago, a bomb fell on the market in front of his house, destroying nearly everything in sight. He survived by luck. He decided then and there that he would give up this cab business. This will be his final run. After this, he will leave this place together with his wife and children.

    “Shala and my children, we'll soon meet each other again, after I'm done here.” He turns his head to take a glance at a photo of his wife and children. The glass on the frame is broken, but their smiles in the picture do not fail to provide him with the only comfort that he has.

    Shortly he arrives at a checkpoint. Tanks sit by the side of the road, the sight of which sends a marked coldness through his backbone. A bunch of soldiers armed to the teeth stand by. A foreign soldier signals him to stop. He calms himself down and pulls over. During the past few days, nearly no civilian(平民)vehicles come out of the capital city, his car being the only one on roads.

    A few foreign soldiers come up to him, one, two, three, four, five. The leader bends over to have a look at the old car, then at him. “Where do you come from and where are you going?” With a smile on his face, he answers with a broken speech in the tongue that the soldier can understand, “Sir, I come from the capital. I'm leaving that place because it is a very dangerous place to be, with the war and everything.”

    While talking, he hands a cigarette over to the soldier, then lights it up for him.

    “When will the war end?” he asks.

    “It won't take long. We'll soon give all of you in the capital the true freedom.” The soldier breathes a deep mouthful. He seems to have spotted the photo in the car, “The cigarette is not bad at all. Are those your wife and kids? I have two of my own, roughly the same age.”

    “Oh, yes, they are mine and they are constantly on my mind. They left the city a bit earlier, and I'm on my way to be reunited with them. Perhaps I'm never coming back. Driving a cab around during war times is too dangerous. I'm giving up the business.” He looks at the soldier, still smiling.

    “After we overthrow your dictator(独裁者), you won't have that to worry about. You can come back and pick up your life again.” The soldier is leaning on the door of the car. It is perhaps the first time in many days that he has seen a happy face among the local people. It cheers him up.

    “Maybe, but I have to go to see my family. If you would pay us a visit, my wife will prepare a good meal for all of you. Come with me. This is going to be my last business run and I won't even charge you.

    “Can't make it. We're on duty. Give our regards to your wife and kids.” The soldier is a bit excited, thinking maybe quite some locals have open arms for them after all. “Oh, yes, I almost forgot. The south is battle-infected. Where is your family?”

    Still smiling, he picks up the broken picture frame, presses a kiss on the photo, then turns around, staring into the eyes of that soldier, not quite himself from excitement, and the other foreign soldiers holding guns. Words drop out of his lips slowly but firmly: “Paradise.”

    Perhaps the last thing he sees is the confused, fearful, twisted expression on the face of that soldier, and the cigarette end dropping from his fingers. Then he pushes the button.

9.

阅读理解

    Bit by bit, the sand dust that fills the sky is dying down. The blue sky and the burning sun once again hang over the desert.

    He is on the road, driving his beat-up yellow cab. The sides of the road are littered with damaged vehicles. Masses of smoke in the distance tell him that a war is being dragged on throughout his country.

    It's a fine day despite the choking heat. Not a breath of wind is blowing.

    A group of vehicles are traveling towards him, carrying many passengers. The scene reminds him of the market days in this country when crowds of trucks transport folks to the markets; the only difference is, this time, they are not trucks, but tanks, carrying foreigners, guns in hand. He stares at them. They stare back. So they pass by one another.

    “The damned war!” he whispers bitterly. Two days ago, a bomb fell on the market in front of his house, destroying nearly everything in sight. He survived by luck. He decided then and there that he would give up this cab business. This will be his final run. After this, he will leave this place together with his wife and children.

    “Shala and my children, we'll soon meet each other again, after I'm done here.” He turns his head to take a glance at a photo of his wife and children. The glass on the frame is broken, but their smiles in the picture do not fail to provide him with the only comfort that he has.

    Shortly he arrives at a checkpoint. Tanks sit by the side of the road, the sight of which sends a marked coldness through his backbone. A bunch of soldiers armed to the teeth stand by. A foreign soldier signals him to stop. He calms himself down and pulls over. During the past few days, nearly no civilian(平民)vehicles come out of the capital city, his car being the only one on roads.

    A few foreign soldiers come up to him, one, two, three, four, five. The leader bends over to have a look at the old car, then at him. “Where do you come from and where are you going?” With a smile on his face, he answers with a broken speech in the tongue that the soldier can understand, “Sir, I come from the capital. I'm leaving that place because it is a very dangerous place to be, with the war and everything.”

    While talking, he hands a cigarette over to the soldier, then lights it up for him.

    “When will the war end?” he asks.

    “It won't take long. We'll soon give all of you in the capital the true freedom.” The soldier breathes a deep mouthful. He seems to have spotted the photo in the car, “The cigarette is not bad at all. Are those your wife and kids? I have two of my own, roughly the same age.”

    “Oh, yes, they are mine and they are constantly on my mind. They left the city a bit earlier, and I'm on my way to be reunited with them. Perhaps I'm never coming back. Driving a cab around during war times is too dangerous. I'm giving up the business.” He looks at the soldier, still smiling.

    “After we overthrow your dictator(独裁者), you won't have that to worry about. You can come back and pick up your life again.” The soldier is leaning on the door of the car. It is perhaps the first time in many days that he has seen a happy face among the local people. It cheers him up.

    “Maybe, but I have to go to see my family. If you would pay us a visit, my wife will prepare a good meal for all of you. Come with me. This is going to be my last business run and I won't even charge you.

    “Can't make it. We're on duty. Give our regards to your wife and kids.” The soldier is a bit excited, thinking maybe quite some locals have open arms for them after all. “Oh, yes, I almost forgot. The south is battle-infected. Where is your family?”

    Still smiling, he picks up the broken picture frame, presses a kiss on the photo, then turns around, staring into the eyes of that soldier, not quite himself from excitement, and the other foreign soldiers holding guns. Words drop out of his lips slowly but firmly: “Paradise.”

    Perhaps the last thing he sees is the confused, fearful, twisted expression on the face of that soldier, and the cigarette end dropping from his fingers. Then he pushes the button.

3.多选题(共2题)

10.
甲、乙两物相距s,它们同时同向运动,乙在前面做初速度为零,加速度为的匀加速运动,甲在后面做初速度为,加速度为的匀加速运动,则   (   )
A.若,它们一定相遇一次
B.若,它们一定相遇两次
C.若,它们可能相遇两次
D.若,它们可能相遇两次
11.
小球从靠近竖直砖墙的某位置由静止释放,用频闪方法拍摄的小球位置如图中1、2、3和4所示.已知连续两次闪光的时间间隔均为T,每块砖的厚度为d.由此可知小球( )
A.下落过程中的加速度大小约为d/T2
B.经过位置3的瞬时速度大小约为2gT
C.经过位置4的瞬时速度大小约为
D.从位置1到4过程中的平均速度大小约为3d/T

4.解答题(共4题)

12.
一物体从斜面的顶端由静止开始做匀加速直线运动到底端,最初3 s内的位移为x1,最后3 s内的位移为x2,若x2x1="6" m,x1:x2=3:7。求:
(1)物体加速度的大小;
(2)物体达到斜面底端时速度多大;
(3)斜面的长度多长。
13.
一物体做自由落体运动,落地时的速度为
问:物体下落的高度
物体在前2s内的平均速度
最后一秒内物体下落的高度.
14.
某一长直赛道上,有一辆F1赛车,前方200m处有一安全车正以10m/s的速度匀速前进,这时赛车从静止出发以2m/s2的加速度追赶.求:
(1)赛车何时追上安全车;
(2)追上之前与安全车最远相距多大;
(3)当赛车刚追上安全车时,赛车手立即刹车,使赛车以4m/s2的加速度做匀减速直线运动,问两车再经过多长时间再次相遇.(设赛车可以从安全车旁经过而不发生相撞)
15.
某物体做匀加速直线运动,加速度为2 m/s2,通过A点的速度为2 m/s,通过B点时的速度为6 m/s,则:
(1)A、B之间的距离是多少
(2)物体从A点运动到B点的时间是多长
(3)物体从A点运动到B点的平均速度是多少

5.实验题(共2题)

16.
在“探究小车速度随时间变化规律”的实验中
(1)根据打点计时器打出的纸带,可以直接测量得到的物理量是____(填选项代号).
A.位移 B.速度 C.加速度 D.平均速度
(2)下列操作中正确的有_____(填选项代号).
A.在释放小车前,小车要靠近打点计时器
B.打点计时器应放在长木板的有滑轮一端
C.应先接通电源,后释放小车
D.打点计时器应使用直流电源
17.
某同学在做“研究匀变速直线运动”实验中
(1)如图所示,由打点计时器得到表示小车运动过程的一条清晰纸带,纸带上两相邻计数点的时间间隔为T=0.10s,其中S1=7.05cm、S2=7.68cm、S3=8.33cm、S4=8.95cm、S5=9.61cm、S6=10.26cm,则A点处瞬时速度的大小是_____________m/s,小车运动的加速度计算表达式为_______________,加速度的大小是_______________m/s2(计算结果保留两位有效数字).

(2)打点计时器使用的电源的频率是50Hz,若在测定匀变速直线运动的加速度时,交流电的频率为45Hz而未被发觉,这样计算出的加速度值与真实值相比___________(填“偏大”、“偏小”或“不变”).
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(2道)

    多选题:(2道)

    解答题:(4道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:10

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:4

    9星难题:0