广东省惠州市第一中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期中考试物理试题

适用年级:高一
试卷号:91748

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2019/2/11

1.单选题(共7题)

1.
一物体由静止开始沿直线运动,其加速度随时间变化的规律如图所示.取物体开始运动的方向为正方向,则下列关于物体运动的vt图象正确的是(  )
A.B.
C.D.
2.
一个物体沿直线运动,从t=0时刻开始,物体的(x为时间内的位移)图象如图所示,图线与纵、横坐标轴的交点分别为(0,0.5)和(-1,0),由此可知( )
A.物体做匀速直线运动
B.物体做变加速直线运动
C.物体的初速度大小为1m/s
D.物体的加速度大小为1m/s2
3.
一物体沿斜面由静止开始匀加速下滑,到达斜坡底端时速度为v,则经过斜坡中点时速度为(  )
A.B.C.D.
4.
物体以初速度v冲上粗糙的固定斜面,如图所示的四个物体受力示意图中正确的是( )
A.B.
C.D.
5.
如图,在=0.1的水平面上向右运动的物体,质量为40kg,在运动过程中,还受到一个水平向左的大小为20N的力的作用,则物体受到的滑动摩擦力为(g=10N/kg)( )
A.40N,向右B.40N,向左
C.20N,向右D.20N,向左
6.
已知两个共点力的合力为,分力的方向与合力的方向成角,分力的大小为.则(    )
A.的大小是唯一的B.的方向是唯一的
C.有两个可能的方向D.可取任意方向
7.
如图所示,半径不同的P、Q两球紧靠着并静止放置在光滑的水平地面上,下列说法正确的是( )
A.P、Q两球之间存在有弹力
B.球对水平面的压力就是球所受的重力
C.球对水平面的压力是球发生微小形变产生的
D.球受到水平面的支持力是球发生微小形变产生的

2.选择题(共2题)

8.

阅读理解

    Bit by bit, the sand dust that fills the sky is dying down. The blue sky and the burning sun once again hang over the desert.

    He is on the road, driving his beat-up yellow cab. The sides of the road are littered with damaged vehicles. Masses of smoke in the distance tell him that a war is being dragged on throughout his country.

    It's a fine day despite the choking heat. Not a breath of wind is blowing.

    A group of vehicles are traveling towards him, carrying many passengers. The scene reminds him of the market days in this country when crowds of trucks transport folks to the markets; the only difference is, this time, they are not trucks, but tanks, carrying foreigners, guns in hand. He stares at them. They stare back. So they pass by one another.

    “The damned war!” he whispers bitterly. Two days ago, a bomb fell on the market in front of his house, destroying nearly everything in sight. He survived by luck. He decided then and there that he would give up this cab business. This will be his final run. After this, he will leave this place together with his wife and children.

    “Shala and my children, we'll soon meet each other again, after I'm done here.” He turns his head to take a glance at a photo of his wife and children. The glass on the frame is broken, but their smiles in the picture do not fail to provide him with the only comfort that he has.

    Shortly he arrives at a checkpoint. Tanks sit by the side of the road, the sight of which sends a marked coldness through his backbone. A bunch of soldiers armed to the teeth stand by. A foreign soldier signals him to stop. He calms himself down and pulls over. During the past few days, nearly no civilian(平民)vehicles come out of the capital city, his car being the only one on roads.

    A few foreign soldiers come up to him, one, two, three, four, five. The leader bends over to have a look at the old car, then at him. “Where do you come from and where are you going?” With a smile on his face, he answers with a broken speech in the tongue that the soldier can understand, “Sir, I come from the capital. I'm leaving that place because it is a very dangerous place to be, with the war and everything.”

    While talking, he hands a cigarette over to the soldier, then lights it up for him.

    “When will the war end?” he asks.

    “It won't take long. We'll soon give all of you in the capital the true freedom.” The soldier breathes a deep mouthful. He seems to have spotted the photo in the car, “The cigarette is not bad at all. Are those your wife and kids? I have two of my own, roughly the same age.”

    “Oh, yes, they are mine and they are constantly on my mind. They left the city a bit earlier, and I'm on my way to be reunited with them. Perhaps I'm never coming back. Driving a cab around during war times is too dangerous. I'm giving up the business.” He looks at the soldier, still smiling.

    “After we overthrow your dictator(独裁者), you won't have that to worry about. You can come back and pick up your life again.” The soldier is leaning on the door of the car. It is perhaps the first time in many days that he has seen a happy face among the local people. It cheers him up.

    “Maybe, but I have to go to see my family. If you would pay us a visit, my wife will prepare a good meal for all of you. Come with me. This is going to be my last business run and I won't even charge you.

    “Can't make it. We're on duty. Give our regards to your wife and kids.” The soldier is a bit excited, thinking maybe quite some locals have open arms for them after all. “Oh, yes, I almost forgot. The south is battle-infected. Where is your family?”

    Still smiling, he picks up the broken picture frame, presses a kiss on the photo, then turns around, staring into the eyes of that soldier, not quite himself from excitement, and the other foreign soldiers holding guns. Words drop out of his lips slowly but firmly: “Paradise.”

    Perhaps the last thing he sees is the confused, fearful, twisted expression on the face of that soldier, and the cigarette end dropping from his fingers. Then he pushes the button.

9.

阅读理解

    Bit by bit, the sand dust that fills the sky is dying down. The blue sky and the burning sun once again hang over the desert.

    He is on the road, driving his beat-up yellow cab. The sides of the road are littered with damaged vehicles. Masses of smoke in the distance tell him that a war is being dragged on throughout his country.

    It's a fine day despite the choking heat. Not a breath of wind is blowing.

    A group of vehicles are traveling towards him, carrying many passengers. The scene reminds him of the market days in this country when crowds of trucks transport folks to the markets; the only difference is, this time, they are not trucks, but tanks, carrying foreigners, guns in hand. He stares at them. They stare back. So they pass by one another.

    “The damned war!” he whispers bitterly. Two days ago, a bomb fell on the market in front of his house, destroying nearly everything in sight. He survived by luck. He decided then and there that he would give up this cab business. This will be his final run. After this, he will leave this place together with his wife and children.

    “Shala and my children, we'll soon meet each other again, after I'm done here.” He turns his head to take a glance at a photo of his wife and children. The glass on the frame is broken, but their smiles in the picture do not fail to provide him with the only comfort that he has.

    Shortly he arrives at a checkpoint. Tanks sit by the side of the road, the sight of which sends a marked coldness through his backbone. A bunch of soldiers armed to the teeth stand by. A foreign soldier signals him to stop. He calms himself down and pulls over. During the past few days, nearly no civilian(平民)vehicles come out of the capital city, his car being the only one on roads.

    A few foreign soldiers come up to him, one, two, three, four, five. The leader bends over to have a look at the old car, then at him. “Where do you come from and where are you going?” With a smile on his face, he answers with a broken speech in the tongue that the soldier can understand, “Sir, I come from the capital. I'm leaving that place because it is a very dangerous place to be, with the war and everything.”

    While talking, he hands a cigarette over to the soldier, then lights it up for him.

    “When will the war end?” he asks.

    “It won't take long. We'll soon give all of you in the capital the true freedom.” The soldier breathes a deep mouthful. He seems to have spotted the photo in the car, “The cigarette is not bad at all. Are those your wife and kids? I have two of my own, roughly the same age.”

    “Oh, yes, they are mine and they are constantly on my mind. They left the city a bit earlier, and I'm on my way to be reunited with them. Perhaps I'm never coming back. Driving a cab around during war times is too dangerous. I'm giving up the business.” He looks at the soldier, still smiling.

    “After we overthrow your dictator(独裁者), you won't have that to worry about. You can come back and pick up your life again.” The soldier is leaning on the door of the car. It is perhaps the first time in many days that he has seen a happy face among the local people. It cheers him up.

    “Maybe, but I have to go to see my family. If you would pay us a visit, my wife will prepare a good meal for all of you. Come with me. This is going to be my last business run and I won't even charge you.

    “Can't make it. We're on duty. Give our regards to your wife and kids.” The soldier is a bit excited, thinking maybe quite some locals have open arms for them after all. “Oh, yes, I almost forgot. The south is battle-infected. Where is your family?”

    Still smiling, he picks up the broken picture frame, presses a kiss on the photo, then turns around, staring into the eyes of that soldier, not quite himself from excitement, and the other foreign soldiers holding guns. Words drop out of his lips slowly but firmly: “Paradise.”

    Perhaps the last thing he sees is the confused, fearful, twisted expression on the face of that soldier, and the cigarette end dropping from his fingers. Then he pushes the button.

3.多选题(共4题)

10.
甲、乙两车某时刻由同一地点沿同一方向开始做直线运动,若以该时刻作为计时起点,得到两车的v-t图象如图所示,则下列说法正确的是( )
A.t1时刻乙车从后面追上甲车
B.t1时刻两车相距最远
C.t1时刻两车的速度刚好相等
D.0到t1时间内,乙车的平均速度等于甲车的平均速度
11.
以v0=12 m/s的速度匀速行驶的汽车,突然刹车,刹车过程中汽车以a=-6m/s2的加速度继续向前运动,则刹车后( )
A.3s内的位移是12mB.3s内平均速度的大小是3m/s
C.1s末速度的大小是6m/sD.3s末速度的大小是6m/s
12.
明朝谢肇淛的《五杂组》中记载:“明姑苏虎丘寺庙倾侧,议欲正之,非万缗不可。一游见之,曰:无烦也,我能正之。”游僧每天将木楔从塔身倾斜一侧的砖缝间敲进去,经月余扶正了塔身。假设所用的木楔为等腰三角形,木楔的顶角为,现在木楔背上加一力F方向如图所示,木两侧产生推力FN,则( )
A.若F一定,小时FN
B.若F一定,大时FN
C.若一定,F小时FN
D.若一定,F大时FN
13.
如图所示,质量为2m的物体A经一轻质弹簧与地面上的质量为3m的物体B相连,弹簧的劲度系数为k,一条不可伸长的轻绳绕过定滑轮,一端连物体A,另一端连质量为M的物体C,物体A、B、C都处于静止状态.已知重力加速度为g,忽略一切摩擦.下列判断正确的是(  )

A. 物体A一定受到重力、绳子拉力和弹簧弹力三个力作用
B. 轻质弹簧对A的弹力可能向下
C. 轻质弹簧若是压缩状态,压缩量一定小于
D. 物体C的质量M不可能大于

4.解答题(共3题)

14.
甲物体从阳台由静止开始自由下落(不计空气阻力),已知物体在落地前最后2秒内的位移是80m。(g=10m/s2) 求:
(1)甲释放时离地面的高度?
(2)落地前最后1s的平均速度的大小?
15.
某一长直赛道上,有一辆F1赛车,前方200m处有一安全车正以10m/s的速度匀速前进,这时赛车从静止出发以2m/s2的加速度追赶.求:
(1)赛车何时追上安全车;
(2)追上之前与安全车最远相距多大;
(3)当赛车刚追上安全车时,赛车手立即刹车,使赛车以4m/s2的加速度做匀减速直线运动,问两车再经过多长时间再次相遇.(设赛车可以从安全车旁经过而不发生相撞)
16.
如图所示,用水平力F将一个木块压在竖直墙壁上,已知木块重G=5N,木块与墙壁间的动摩擦因数μ=0.25,问:

(1)当F=25N时,木块没有动,木块受到的摩擦力为多大?
(2)当F增大为30N时,木块仍静止,木块受到的摩擦力为多大?
(3)当F=10N时,木块沿墙面下滑,此时木块受到的摩擦力为多大?

5.实验题(共2题)

17.
某同学在做“研究匀变速直线运动”实验,由打点计时器得到表示小车运动过程的一条清晰纸带,纸带上两相邻计数点的时间间隔为T=0.10s,其中S1=1.60cm,S2=2.80cm,S3=3.99cm,S4=5.20cm,S5=6.39cm,S6=7.60cm,则A点的瞬时速度大小是_______m/s,小车运动的加速度大小为_______m/s2(结果保留两位有效数字)
18.
李明同学在做“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验时,利用坐标纸记下了橡皮筋的结点位置O点以及两个弹簧测力计拉力的大小,如图甲所示.
(1)试在图甲中作出无实验误差情况下F1和F2的合力图示,并用F表示此力_______.

(2)有关此实验,下列叙述正确的是________
A.本实验采用的科学方法是理想实验法
B.橡皮筋的拉力是合力,两弹簧测力计的拉力是分力
C.两次拉橡皮筋时,把橡皮筋拉到相同的长度,效果也是一样的
D.两次拉橡皮筋时,需将橡皮筋结点拉到同一位置O,这样做的目的是保证两次弹簧测力计拉力的效果相同
(3)图乙是李明和张华两位同学在做以上实验时得到的结果,其中___________(填学生的姓名)的实验比较符合实验事实?(力F’是用一个弹簧测力计拉时的拉力) 
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(2道)

    多选题:(4道)

    解答题:(3道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:9

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:7

    9星难题:0