材料一  内战的结束意味着不再需要……这种权宜政策，于是它被立即摒弃了。农民们拿起武器，反对无偿的征收。注重实际的列宁认识到让步是不可避免的，因而于1921年采取了，这一政策允许部分地恢复资本主义。对列宁来说，这种新的经济政策并不意味着社会主义在俄国的结束，而是暂时的退却，“后退一步为的是前进两步”。

——（美）斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

材料二  我们必须退却，而要诚实地面对我们国家今天所遇到的形势。这个伟大的国家将坚持下，并将获得新生和繁荣……这个国家需要行动，而且现在就行动起来。

——罗斯福就职演说（1933年3月4日）

材料三  在那些边远山区和贫困落后的地区，长期吃粮靠返销，生产靠贷款，生活靠救济的生产队，群众对集体丧失信心，因而要求包产到户的，应当支持群众的要求，可以包产到户，也可以包干到户，并在一个较长的时间内保持稳定。就全国而论，在社会主义工业、社会主义商业和集体农业占绝对优势的情况下，在生产队领导下实行包产到户是依存于社会主义经济，而不是脱离社会主义轨道的，没有复辟资本主义的危险，因而并不可怕

——《中共中央关于进一步加强和完善农业生产责任制几个问题的通知》（1980年）

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阅读理解

    Houses fall down. Trees fall over. Large holes form in the ground. Could Alaska be sinking? That's what some villagers in Alaska have been asking themselves recently and scientists think they know why. Warmer temperatures may be causing Alaska's frozen ground to thaw (解冻).

    About 85 percent of Alaska's land surface has permafrost (永久冻结带). Permafrost supports the ground above it—including trees, houses, and roads. But why is the permafrost thawing?

    Some scientists say that human-caused pollution is leading to global warming. And most scientists agree that Alaska has been getting warmer. They say that the warmer temperature is causing permafrost to thaw in some areas. The thawing permafrost can cause problems for people, plants, and animals.

    The collapsing (倒塌) is a problem in the villages in Alaska which are built on permafrost, and some of them may have to move to safer ground, where there is no permafrost.

    The Alaskan town of Glennallen saw its old post office collapse. And, according to James Walters, a permafrost expert at the University of Northern Iowa, house-moving companies have been very busy.

    “Melting permafrost can also destroy trees and forests,” Walters said. “When holes in the ground form, trees fall into them and die. This could turn a forest into a swamp (沼泽), and animals which need the forests will have to move elsewhere.”

    “The melting could cause severe problems.” Walters says, “This could take hundreds of years, but in the end Alaska will look quite different from what it looks like now.”