2015届福建漳州市芗城中学高三10月月考历史试卷

适用年级:高三
试卷号:704416

试卷类型:月考
试卷考试时间:2017/7/20

1.材料分析题(共2题)

1.
(14分)在几千年的人类文明史上,社会政治制度经历了不断演变的过程。阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一我们的(政府形式)之所以称为民主制,是因为权力不掌握在少数人手里,而是由全体人民掌握。解决私人争执的时候,每个人在法律上是平等的;让一个人优先于他人担任公职,所考虑的不是某一个特殊等级的成员,而是由于他们所具有的真正才能。
——伯利克里“在阵亡将士葬礼上的演说”
(1)依据材料一,概括雅典民主政治的表现。(2分)
材料二 英人于世界民族中,诚不愧为先觉,彼既认明王权不当绝对,即创为根本大法,使国中贤智,得所准据,以发抒其意气。
——章士钊《政本》
材料二中的“根本大法”是指哪部法律?(1分)以此为依据英国逐渐确立了什么政体?(1分)
材料三:

(3)依据材料三指出该宪法对美国联邦政府的权力是如何规定的?(3分)体现了什么原则?(1分)
材料四建国初期,中国民盟主席张澜在政协会议上讲话指出:“我们的新制度,当然放弃了旧民主主义中那一套陈腐的东西……根据我们的民主集中制,中国人民把政权掌握在自己手里,而人民又确确实实有了一个集中行使立法权和行政权的最高权力机关。”
(4)依据材料四并结合所学知识,指出新中国成立初期建立了哪些民主政治“新制度”。(3分)
材料五:
1982年
全国人大五届会议通过修订的《中华人民共和国宪法》
1979年-2000年
全国人大通过一系列法律,逐步形成了以宪法为核心的社会主义法律体系
 
(5)结合材料四和五可以看出现代中国政治制度发展趋势是什么?(3分)
2.
(14分)中西方科学思想文化相互交流,彼此影响,推动了社会发展和历史进步。阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一  利玛窦(1522—1610),明末来华的意大利耶酥会传教士,曾因献自鸣钟、《坤舆万办全国》给朝廷,而获准留居北京传教。在华期间,他说汉语,穿儒服,与士大夫交流,传授西学,并将“四书”译成西方传入欧洲。
(1)利玛窦来华的主要目的是什么?为了达到目的,他采取了什么方式?(4分)
材料二   17世纪期间,……,欧洲知识分子正被有关传说中的遥远的中国文明的许多详细的报道所强烈地吸引住。他们得知中国的历史、艺术、哲学和政治后,完全入迷了。中国由于其儒家的伦理体系、为政府部门选拔人才的科举制度……被推崇为模范的文明。例如,伏尔泰(1694--1778)用一幅孔子的画像装饰其书斋的墙……
-----斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》
(2)根据材料二,结合所学知识,列举中国文化对世界的主要影响。(4分)
材料三    16至17世纪的中国,新的经济形态还十分微弱、脆嫩,明清时期的早期启蒙思想家们先天不足,具有一种时代性的缺陷,黄宗羲、唐甄们提不出新的社会方案,而只能用扩大相权、限制君权、提倡学校议政等办法来修补封建专制制度。孟德斯鸠、卢梭们则拿出了“三权分立”、君主立宪制、民主共和制这样的资产阶级国家蓝图。这表明,中国明清时期的进步思想与18世纪欧洲启蒙思想属于两个不同的历史范畴。前者是中世纪末期的产物,后者是近代社会的宣言书。
——张岱年、方克立主编《中国文化概论》
(3)17世纪的中国和18世纪的法国,都产生了启蒙思想。中外启蒙思想最主要的共同主张是什么?依据材料三并结合所学知识,说明中国明清时期的进步思想为什么没有成为“近代社会的宣言书”?(6分)

2.单选题(共9题)

3.
《十二铜表法》规定:“利息不得超过一分,超过的,处高利贷者四倍于超过额的罚金,对于自己承认或经判决的债务,有三十日的法定宽限期”。此规定最能说明该法律(  )
A.保护贵族的既得利益B.是一部成文法典
C.一定程度上保护了平民的利益D.抑制工商业经济的发展
4.
中国近代史上,国门洞开。福州、厦门被迫开放为通商口岸是在( )
A. 鸦片战争之后 B. 第二次鸦片战争之后
C. 甲午中日战争之后 D. 八国联军侵华战争之后
5.
史学界有人认为,中国抗日战争经历了14年,而不是通常所说的8年。该观点重在
A.揭露日本全面侵华战争的罪恶
B.肯定国民政府抗战的重要贡献
C.突出华北人民抗战的历史地位
D.强调中国局部抗战的重大意义
6.
20世纪30年代,一曲《松花江上》唱遍大江南北、长城内外。歌中唱到:“我的家在东北松花江上,……从那个悲惨的时候,脱离了我的家乡,抛弃那无尽的宝藏,流浪!流浪!”歌中的“那个悲惨的时候”是指
A.九一八事变
B.七七事变
C.南京大屠杀
D.淞沪会战
7.
亚当·斯密在1859年发表的《道德情操论》中主张:“政府应公平分配财富,以达到社会的公平和正义。然而资本主义发展的事实却与之背道而驰。”为实现“社会的公平和正义”,率先在政治方面进行的尝试是()
A. 《共产党宣言》的发表   B. 巴黎公社的建立
C. 俄国十月革命的爆发 D. 《共同纲领》的通过
8.
电视系列片《正道沧桑——社会主义500年》中说道:20世纪80年代中后期,深圳中英街开始流传着一个谜语:1997年之后是什么?历史发展揭示出的谜底是
A. 经济特区
B. 特别行政区
C. 九二共识
D. 澳门回归
9.
一个国家的外交政策是否成熟,标志就是它的实力、对国际制度理解和参与的程度、世界对其认可程度。据此判断新中国外交政策成熟的标志是()
A.1949年《共同纲领》宣布的独立自主的原则
B.1949年与苏联建交
C.1953年提出和平共处五项原则
D.1955年提出“求同存异”的方针
10.
有人认为,如同牛顿发现了自然界的“三大定律”一样,西方先哲们也在人类社会同样发现了“三大定律”:第一,人是社会的中心;第二,个人利益是治理社会的基础,建立了承认和尊重个人利益的哲学观念;第三,任何政府唯一的宗旨就是保护人民创造财富和享受幸福的自由。其中,第三大定律是指
A.天赋人权B.三权分立C.人民主权D.社会契约论
11.
1980年中美达成协议:由美方提供设备、由中方技术人员操作,在中国新疆的奇台和库尔勒建立监测苏联核武器和导弹试验的监测站,所获情报中美共享。这段材料可以用来佐证()
A.国家利益决定外交政策B.中美已妥善解决意识形态的分歧
C.中美已结成军事同盟国D.中国的对外开放政策已初见成效

3.选择题(共9题)

12.阅读理解

    I was at the chemist collecting my daughter's medication and she asked me to go into the shop next door to get some energy drinks for her.She was about to travel on a train and she tires easily.The shop did not have what she wanted so I went to the garage near my home.As I came out of the garage I could see Margaret across the busy road. I thought to myself she-d just got off the bus and was on her way to her daughter's house which is next door to me.I thought I'd give her a lift to her daughter's house.

    Then from across the busy road I could see the elderly lady I thought was Margaret going in a different direction down a different side street.I was surprised because I was really sure it was Margaret.In fact,I was so sure that I took the trouble of waiting to drive across the busy road to go to Margaret.

    By the time I caught up with the elderly lady she was at the bottom of a dead end and looked confused as she didn't recognize where she was.It was indeed Margaret.Though I have spoken to her before and given her a lift,she needed reminded of who I was.Margaret got in my car.

    We arrived at her daughter's house,it seemed in darkness and I didn't think Julie was in.I told Margaret to go and check.I had to take Lauren to the train station.If Julie wasn't at home I'd bring Margaret back to her own house.I went to my house and Lauren got in the car,then I saw Julie with Margaret.

    Margaret thought I was kind to her today.Truth is though that her thankful words will stay with me for a long time.I'm so happy too that the first shop I went to didn't have what Lauren wanted otherwise I' d never have got this beautiful compliment or more importantly, to help Margaret.

13.阅读理解

    Imagine the tallest building in the United States. Fill that giant building 44 times with rotten fruits and vegetables. Now you know how much food Americans waste every year.

    It is hard to believe, right? About 133 billion pounds of food get thrown away. That's one-third of all the food we produce. And a lot of it is thrown away for one simple reason: It's ugly.

    The problem is that nature isn't perfect. Apples can get scarred (留下疤痕) by storms. Cucumbers grow in C shapes. Carrots change into unusual fork-like forms. Watermelons get too big to fit on a refrigerator shelf. These crazy-looking fruits and vegetables may taste great. But most grocery stores refuse to sell them. Store owners say people judge food by how it looks. No one wants a tomato that looks like a two-headed monster. But what if you could buy that tomato for half-price?

    A new movement is trying to make people see the “beauty” in ugly food. Some stores are selling ugly produce. It tastes the same. And you pay less for it because the food doesn't look perfect.

    Usually, the stores find a nicer word than “ugly”. A Canadian chain uses “naturally imperfect”. In some US stores, it's “misfit produce”. Whatever you call it, ugly food helps many people. Fanners get paid for food they were going to have to throw away. Shoppers get cheaper fruits and vegetables. The ugly-food movement will also help some of the 44 million Americans who don't have enough to eat. Many groups give the ugly produce to hungry people.

    So really, who cares if that carrot looks a little… ugly?

14.阅读理解

    Imagine the tallest building in the United States. Fill that giant building 44 times with rotten fruits and vegetables. Now you know how much food Americans waste every year.

    It is hard to believe, right? About 133 billion pounds of food get thrown away. That's one-third of all the food we produce. And a lot of it is thrown away for one simple reason: It's ugly.

    The problem is that nature isn't perfect. Apples can get scarred (留下疤痕) by storms. Cucumbers grow in C shapes. Carrots change into unusual fork-like forms. Watermelons get too big to fit on a refrigerator shelf. These crazy-looking fruits and vegetables may taste great. But most grocery stores refuse to sell them. Store owners say people judge food by how it looks. No one wants a tomato that looks like a two-headed monster. But what if you could buy that tomato for half-price?

    A new movement is trying to make people see the “beauty” in ugly food. Some stores are selling ugly produce. It tastes the same. And you pay less for it because the food doesn't look perfect.

    Usually, the stores find a nicer word than “ugly”. A Canadian chain uses “naturally imperfect”. In some US stores, it's “misfit produce”. Whatever you call it, ugly food helps many people. Fanners get paid for food they were going to have to throw away. Shoppers get cheaper fruits and vegetables. The ugly-food movement will also help some of the 44 million Americans who don't have enough to eat. Many groups give the ugly produce to hungry people.

    So really, who cares if that carrot looks a little… ugly?

15.阅读理解

    Imagine the tallest building in the United States. Fill that giant building 44 times with rotten fruits and vegetables. Now you know how much food Americans waste every year.

    It is hard to believe, right? About 133 billion pounds of food get thrown away. That's one-third of all the food we produce. And a lot of it is thrown away for one simple reason: It's ugly.

    The problem is that nature isn't perfect. Apples can get scarred (留下疤痕) by storms. Cucumbers grow in C shapes. Carrots change into unusual fork-like forms. Watermelons get too big to fit on a refrigerator shelf. These crazy-looking fruits and vegetables may taste great. But most grocery stores refuse to sell them. Store owners say people judge food by how it looks. No one wants a tomato that looks like a two-headed monster. But what if you could buy that tomato for half-price?

    A new movement is trying to make people see the “beauty” in ugly food. Some stores are selling ugly produce. It tastes the same. And you pay less for it because the food doesn't look perfect.

    Usually, the stores find a nicer word than “ugly”. A Canadian chain uses “naturally imperfect”. In some US stores, it's “misfit produce”. Whatever you call it, ugly food helps many people. Fanners get paid for food they were going to have to throw away. Shoppers get cheaper fruits and vegetables. The ugly-food movement will also help some of the 44 million Americans who don't have enough to eat. Many groups give the ugly produce to hungry people.

    So really, who cares if that carrot looks a little… ugly?

16.The New York Times {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (be) first published in 1851.
17.阅读理解

    A disease called “Panama” is threatening supplies of the world's most popular fruit—banana.Two years ago,the United Nations warned that the "Panama disease" could destroy "much of the world's banana crop."Since then,things have not gotten better.A new outbreak was discovered last year in Australia.The disease started in Asia in the 1990s, and later spread to Africa and the Middle East.

    World health officials worry the disease could travel to Latin America,one of the top banana producers in the world.All this is a big concern because bananas are an important source of income and nutrients for millions of people.They are grown in 135 tropical nations.The United Nations lists bananas as one of the most important foods, along with rice,wheat and corn.

    Randy Ploetz is a professor at the Tropical Research & Educational Center at the University of Florida.Many consider him as America's top banana expert.As he explained,Panama disease affects the Cavendish banana.The Cavendish is one of more than 500 kinds of bananas.But it is the most popular.

    “The industry is waking up to the problem,”Ploetz said.“They are pretty scared.”He was speaking Thursday by telephone from Miami,Florida,where he is among 1,000 people attending the International Banana Congress.The meeting was supposed to take place in Costa Rica,but was moved at the last minute.There were concerns banana growers could spread Panama disease from dirt collected on their shoes,Ploetz said.

    Ploetz said reports that Cavendish banana production could end are not correct.But if the disease spreads to Latin America,it could hurt the world's economy along with food supplies for millions of people.Still,he said there is reason for hope.Scientists in Australia are working on a genetically engineered banana that might not be at risk of getting Panama disease.

18.阅读理解

    A disease called “Panama” is threatening supplies of the world's most popular fruit—banana.Two years ago,the United Nations warned that the "Panama disease" could destroy "much of the world's banana crop."Since then,things have not gotten better.A new outbreak was discovered last year in Australia.The disease started in Asia in the 1990s, and later spread to Africa and the Middle East.

    World health officials worry the disease could travel to Latin America,one of the top banana producers in the world.All this is a big concern because bananas are an important source of income and nutrients for millions of people.They are grown in 135 tropical nations.The United Nations lists bananas as one of the most important foods, along with rice,wheat and corn.

    Randy Ploetz is a professor at the Tropical Research & Educational Center at the University of Florida.Many consider him as America's top banana expert.As he explained,Panama disease affects the Cavendish banana.The Cavendish is one of more than 500 kinds of bananas.But it is the most popular.

    “The industry is waking up to the problem,”Ploetz said.“They are pretty scared.”He was speaking Thursday by telephone from Miami,Florida,where he is among 1,000 people attending the International Banana Congress.The meeting was supposed to take place in Costa Rica,but was moved at the last minute.There were concerns banana growers could spread Panama disease from dirt collected on their shoes,Ploetz said.

    Ploetz said reports that Cavendish banana production could end are not correct.But if the disease spreads to Latin America,it could hurt the world's economy along with food supplies for millions of people.Still,he said there is reason for hope.Scientists in Australia are working on a genetically engineered banana that might not be at risk of getting Panama disease.

19.We heard them {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (quarrel) throunghout dinner yesterday.
20.We heard them {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (quarrel) throunghout dinner yesterday.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    材料分析题:(2道)

    单选题:(9道)

    选择题:(9道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:4

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:2