2014年高考化学指导冲关 第14练有机物的组成、结构和性质练习卷

适用年级:高三
试卷号:676335

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/7/20

1.单选题(共5题)

1.
下图是合成香料香豆素过程的中间产物,关于该物质的说法不正确的是(    )

A.分子式为C9H8O3
B.有两种含氧官能团
C.1 mol该物质最多能与5 mol H2发生加成反应
D.该物质在一定条件下可发生酯化反应
2.
核糖是合成核酸的重要原料,结构简式为:CH2OH—CHOH—CHOH—CHOH—CHO,下列关于核糖的叙述正确的是( )
A.与葡萄糖互为同分异构体
B.可以与银氨溶液作用形成银镜
C.可以与FeCl3溶液作用显色
D.可以使紫色石蕊试液变红
3.
乙烷在光照条件下与氯气发生取代反应,理论上得到的氯代物最多有
A.5种B.6种C.8种D.9种
4.
下列说法正确的是( )
A.乙烯和聚乙烯均能使溴水褪色
B.甲烷、苯和油脂均不能使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色
C.乙酸和乙酸乙酯均能发生取代反应
D.葡萄糖与果糖、淀粉与纤维素分子式相同,均互为同分异构体
5.
下列反应所得到的有机产物不是纯净物的是
A.新戊烷与氯气在光照条件下的取代反应
B.乙烯与水在一定条件下的加成反应
C.乙醇在空气中加热(以铜作为催化剂)的氧化反应
D.苯与足量的氢气在一定条件下的加成反应

2.选择题(共5题)

6.已知集合A={x|x2﹣2x﹣3≥0},B={x|﹣2≤x≤2},则A∩B=(   )
7.在数列{an}中,a3=12,a11=﹣5,且任意连续三项的和均为11,则a2017={#blank#}1{#/blank#};设Sn是数列{an}的前n项和,则使得Sn≤100成立的最大整数n={#blank#}2{#/blank#}.
8.在数列{an}中,a3=12,a11=﹣5,且任意连续三项的和均为11,则a2017={#blank#}1{#/blank#};设Sn是数列{an}的前n项和,则使得Sn≤100成立的最大整数n={#blank#}2{#/blank#}.
9.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    Each summer,you hear news that some sports players are sent to hospitals because it is too hot. Our bodies can't be outside in the sun for a long time. So in hot summers,be careful about playing sports outside.

    Firstly,to play sports safely in hot weather,you must drink water. Sports drinks are great for athletes,but they have so much sugar that they'll dehydrate(使脱水)you more. However,drinking a few bottles of sports drinks will be good for you.

    Secondly,be sure to take enough breaks to let your body rest. If your coach doesn't let you take enough breaks in the heat,don't wait until you feel uncomfortable. Just be honest with your coach when you need breaks.

    Thirdly,when you have a break,don't sit in the sun. With the sun beating down on you,you'll only heat up and sweat(冒汗)more. Take a seat under a tree,or even better,go indoors for a little while. Cooling yourself down can help you stay active longer.

    Fourthly,remember that the earlier in the day you start your exercise,the cooler it will be. If you can start practice before the sun comes up,you have a few good hours to practise in the cool hours of the morning. Also,the earlier you practise,the earlier you can finish the exercise. If you need more practice time,come back to the field later in the evening,when the sun is setting.

    Last but not least,you should watch what you eat. Eat food which is high in water,starch(淀粉)and carbonhydrate(糖类),but be sure to get a good balance in your diet.

    As long as you pay attention to the above,playing sports safely in the heat isn't a difficult thing.

10.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    Each summer,you hear news that some sports players are sent to hospitals because it is too hot. Our bodies can't be outside in the sun for a long time. So in hot summers,be careful about playing sports outside.

    Firstly,to play sports safely in hot weather,you must drink water. Sports drinks are great for athletes,but they have so much sugar that they'll dehydrate(使脱水)you more. However,drinking a few bottles of sports drinks will be good for you.

    Secondly,be sure to take enough breaks to let your body rest. If your coach doesn't let you take enough breaks in the heat,don't wait until you feel uncomfortable. Just be honest with your coach when you need breaks.

    Thirdly,when you have a break,don't sit in the sun. With the sun beating down on you,you'll only heat up and sweat(冒汗)more. Take a seat under a tree,or even better,go indoors for a little while. Cooling yourself down can help you stay active longer.

    Fourthly,remember that the earlier in the day you start your exercise,the cooler it will be. If you can start practice before the sun comes up,you have a few good hours to practise in the cool hours of the morning. Also,the earlier you practise,the earlier you can finish the exercise. If you need more practice time,come back to the field later in the evening,when the sun is setting.

    Last but not least,you should watch what you eat. Eat food which is high in water,starch(淀粉)and carbonhydrate(糖类),but be sure to get a good balance in your diet.

    As long as you pay attention to the above,playing sports safely in the heat isn't a difficult thing.

3.填空题(共2题)

11.
姜黄素具有抗突变和预防肿瘤的作用,其合成路线如下:

化合物Ⅰ可以由以下合成路线获得:
 
(1)有机物Ⅳ的分子式为________,含有官能团的名称为醚键和________。
(2)有机物Ⅴ的名称为________,其生成Ⅵ的化学方程式为(注明反应条件):_________________________________________________________________。
(3)写出一种符合下列条件的Ⅳ的同分异构体的结构简式
_______________________________________________________。
①苯环上的一硝基取代物有2种
②1 mol该物质水解,最多消耗3 mol NaOH
(4)反应①中反应物的原子利用率为100 %,请写出该反应的化学方程式
____________________________________________________________。
12.
(化学——有机化学基础)
聚酰胺—66常用于生产帐篷、渔网、降落伞及弹力丝袜等织物,可利用下列路线合成:

已知反应:
(1)能与银氨溶液反应的B的同分异构体的结构简式为_________________
(2)D的结构简式为____________,①的反应类型为_____________
(3)为检验D中的官能团,所用试剂包括NaOH水溶液及___________
(4)由F和G生成H的反应方程式为____________________________________________
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(5道)

    选择题:(5道)

    填空题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:3

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:1