2019年上海市普陀区高三二模物理试题(下学期期中质量调研)

适用年级:高三
试卷号:665010

试卷类型:二模
试卷考试时间:2019/4/3

1.单选题(共10题)

1.
如图,直线和曲线分别表示在平直公路上行驶的汽车 a 和 b 的位移﹣时间(xt)图线。由图可知
A.a 车做直线运动,b 车做曲线运动
B.在t1 时刻,a、b 两车的速度相等
C.在 0~t2时间内,a、b 两车通过的路程相等
D.在t1t2时间内,a、b 两车的平均速度相等
2.
如图,某同学用力沿拖把柄方向,斜向下推动拖把。若保持推力的大小不变,柄与地面间的夹角变小,  拖把始终保持匀速运动,则地面对拖把的作用力
A.变大
B.变小
C.不变
D.先变大后变小
3.
质量m=500 g 的物体以加速度a=20 cm/s2 做匀加速直线运动,则关于它受到的合外力的大小及单位,下列运算既简洁又符合一般运算要求的是
A.F=500×20=10000 N
B.F=0.5×0.2 N=0.1 N
C.F=0.5×0.2=0.1 N
D.F=0.5 kg×0.2 m/s2=0.1 N
4.
弹簧振子在光滑水平面上做简谐运动,在振子向平衡位置运动的过程中( )
A.振子所受回复力逐渐增大B.振子位移逐渐增大
C.振子速度逐渐减小D.振子加速度逐渐减小
5.
如图为伏打电池示意图,由于化学反应,在 A、B 两电极附近产生了很薄的化学反应层 a、b,则沿电流方向
A.在外电阻 R 中,电势升高B.在内电阻 r 中,电势升高
C.在反应层 a 中,电势升高D.在反应层 b 中,电势降低
6.
如图为某同学的小制作,装置 A 中有磁铁和可转动的线圈。当有风吹向风扇时扇叶转动,引起灯泡发光。引起灯泡发光的原因是
A.线圈切割磁感线产生感应电流B.磁极间的相互作用
C.电流的磁效应D.磁场对导线有力的作用
7.
两固定且互相垂直的无限长直导线l1l2 在同一竖直面内,导线中通有大小相等、方向如图所示的恒定电流。有一正方形导线框 ABCD,在初始时刻,AB 边与l1重合,AD 边与l2重合,所有导线间彼此绝缘,下列说法正确的是
A.若导线框向上平移,穿过导线框内的磁通量减小
B.若导线框向上平移,l2对 CD 边的安培力垂直 CD 边向右
C.若导线框向右平移,导线框内产生逆时针方向的感应电流
D.若导线框向右平移,l1对 BC 边的安培力垂直 BC 边向下
8.
在真空中的点电荷Q产生的电场中,距Qa处的电场强度为E,若将置于a处的点电荷q的电荷量增加一倍,则a处的场强为
A.EB.2EC.4ED.8E
9.
在“观察光的干涉现象”实验中,用白光入射双缝时,在光屏上可观察到彩色条纹,若用红色和绿色玻  璃各挡住一条缝,则在光屏上可以观察到
A.黄色的干涉条纹B.绿色的干涉条纹
C.红绿相间的条纹D.两种色光叠加,但无干涉条纹
10.
氢氘氚是同位素,它们的原子核内具有相同的
A.电子数B.质子数C.中子数D.核子数

2.选择题(共1题)

11.

阅读短文,完成下列问题。

A

    In the film The Revenant the Leonardo DiCaprio adventure takes the basic facts of real-life frontiersman Hugh Glass's sufferings and adds extra characters, extra ultra violence and more horse guts.

    Hugh Glass was a frontiersman working in the upper Missouri river area in the early years of the 19th century. On a fur trapping expedition in 1823, he was attacked and injured by a grizzly bear.

    _____________

    Hugh Glass (Leonardo DiCaprio) is one of a group of men finishing up a fur trapping expedition in the wilderness. They are attacked by Ree (Arikara) warriors. Whoosh! Someone gets impaled on a spear. Bang! Someone gets shot off his horse. Crack! Someone's bones shatter. There's a fearless close-up of an arrow thwacking into a face, a gun butt bashing into a face, a flying kick to a face. A horse gets shot in the face. It's exceptionally well choreographed (取景) and filmed.

    This scene is based on a real-life incident: In June 1823, Ashley's band of around 70 men was attacked by Arikara warriors –they estimated around 600, though in the film it's more like a dozen.

    Characters

    In the film, 10 men get away. Fitzgerald is a fighter and racist, so he's the bad guy. Glass is the good guy, because he loves his son (who is half-Pawnee) in a gruff, manly way that involves telling him off a lot. The back story about Glass's love for a Pawnee woman is fiction. It has been suggested the real Glass had such a relationship, but there's no firm evidence –and no evidence that he had any children.

    Wildlife

    As the men make their way through a forest, Glass happens upon two bear cubs and their angry mama. If you felt pale after the face-smashing scene at the start, reach for the smelling salts. Chomp! Growl! Shake! The bear sniffs him to see if he's dead, then jumps up and down on his back. Splinter! Howl! Slash! Glass shoots the bear. Anyway, while historians are not certain of the precise details, the real Glass did get into a fight with a real bear, sometime in August 1823.

    Murder

    The men find Glass in a rum old state. Captain Henry pays Fitzgerald, Bridger and Hawk to stay behind until it is time for Glass's inevitable burial. When the captain leaves, Fitzgerald tries to bump Glass off. Hawk interrupts, so Fitzgerald bumps him off instead. This didn't happen in real life, because Hawk didn't exist. In the film, the weak Glass sees Fitzgerald kill his son, giving him an extra motivation to stay alive and seek revenge.

    Survival

    The real Glass survived his abandonment and dragged his battered body over hundreds of miles of terrain in pursuit of the men who left him for dead. Though he could read and write, Glass never set his story down in his own hand. It was first published by another writer in a Philadelphia journal in 1825. It may well have been modified then. It has been modified many times since.

    Hardship

    The film has invented some extra obstacles for Glass: it is snowing throughout, even though in real life his trek took place between August and October; the Arikara track him and chase him into a tree; he has to hollow out a dead horse to make himself a sleeping bag. As for the ending, it has been changed in one significant way: in real life, nobody got killed.

3.填空题(共3题)

12.
如图甲,质量m=2kg 的小物块以初速度v0=11m/s从θ=53° 固定斜面底端先后两次滑上斜面,第一次对小物块施加一沿斜面向上的恒力F,第二次无恒力F。图乙中的两条线段 a、b 分别表示先后两次小物块沿斜面向上运动的v-t 图像,不考虑空气阻力,恒力F 的大小为_____N,小物块先后两次在上升过程中机械能的减小量之比为_____。
13.
如图为“行星传动示意图”,中心“太阳轮”的转动轴固定,其半径为R1,周围四个“行星轮”的转动轴固定,其半径均为R2,“齿圈”的半径为R3,其中R1=1.5R2,A、B、C 分别是“太阳轮”、“行星轮”和“齿圈”边缘上的点,齿轮传动过程不打滑,则 A 点与C 点的线速度之比为_____, B 点与 C 点的周期之比为_______。
14.
如图是一列沿x 轴传播的简谐横波在t=0 时刻的波形图,图中质点P 正沿y 轴正方向运动,此波的传播速度为v=4m/s,则质点 P 的振动周期为T=_____ s,x=1.0  m 处的质点在 0~2.5 s 内通过的路程为_____cm。

4.解答题(共2题)

15.
如图甲,圆圈内放大的集成块可以同时自动测量沿手机短边(x 轴)、长边(y 轴)和垂直面板方向(z 轴)的加速度,相当于在三个方向上各有一个如图乙所示的一维加速度计,图中固定在力传感器上的质量块的质量为m。下面仅研究x 轴处于水平方向和y 轴处于竖直方向的加速度情况。
(1)沿x 轴方向,若用F 表示力传感器垂直接触面对质量块的作用力,取+x 轴方向为加速度正方向,导出手机在水平方向的加速度的表达式;
(2)沿y 轴方向,若用F 表示力传感器垂直接触面对质量块的作用力,取+y 轴方向为加速度正方向,导出手机在竖直方向的加速度的表达式;
(3)当手机由竖屏变横屏时,为让手机感知到这种变化,需要通过电信号分别将(1)和(2)中导出的  加速度进行输出,但应统一输出项 a 出,请分别写出水平和竖直方向上输出项 a 出的表达式;
(4)当手机由竖屏变横屏时,显示的视频画面会随之由窄变宽,请解释其中的原理。
16.
如图,在水平面内固定 PQ 和 MN 两根光滑金属导轨,其 P、M 端通过阻值为R 的直电阻丝相连。将一根质量为m、长度足够长的直金属棒平行于 PM 跨放在导轨上间距为d 的位置。整个装置处于垂直水平面的匀强磁场中。现使金属棒以初速度v0 开始运动,经过时间t,向右滑过距离L 到达导轨上间距为3d/2 的位置。若滑动过程中金属棒始终平行于 PM,电阻丝中的电流保持不变,不计金属棒和导轨的电阻。求:

(1)此过程中金属棒的末速度大小;
(2)此过程中电阻丝上产生的热量;
(3)此过程中通过电阻丝的电流强度大小;
(4)匀强磁场的磁感应强度大小。

5.实验题(共2题)

17.
在“用 DIS 描绘电场的等势线”的实验中,将导电纸、复写纸和白纸在平整的木板上依次铺放好,其中铺在最上面的是_____,本实验中使用的传感器是_________。
18.
如图,用一个带两根细管的橡皮塞塞紧烧瓶的瓶口,压强传感器通过其中一根不带阀门的细管连通烧瓶中的空气,另一根带阀门的细管连通注射器。开始时阀门处于关闭状态,注射器针筒的最大刻度线到阀门之间充满了水。现利用该装置进行验证玻意耳定律的实验。依图示连接好实验器材,运行 DIS 软件进入实验界面,点击“开始记录”后:
① 打开阀门,推注射器活塞向烧瓶内注入适量的水,关闭阀门;
② 记录气体的压强p,并在表格中记录注入的水的体积V
③ 保持烧瓶中气体的温度不变,重复实验得到多组实验数据,点击“停止记录”。
(1)实验中通过_____测得注入烧瓶中的水的体积;
(2)为验证玻意耳定律,采用图像法处理实验数据时,应选择
A.p-V 图像B.p-1/ V 图像C.V-1/p 图像D.1/p-1/ V 图像
(3)根据上述实验数据的图像可以测得_________;上述实验中存在着可能影响实验精确度的主要因素有_____(写出一条即可)。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(1道)

    填空题:(3道)

    解答题:(2道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:10

    9星难题:1