2014年高中地理一轮复习:第6单元人类的居住地与地理环境

适用年级:高三
试卷号:513866

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2014/3/28

1.综合题(共3题)

1.
读下列材料,回答问题。(20分)
材料1:下图为“某地不同时间段城区范围变化及对应的人口密度变化示意图”。

材料2:下图为“世界37个城市人均产值与人均轿车使用量图”。

材料3:漫画《不堪重负》。

(1)据材料1分析,甲、乙两城市区位选择主要因素是______。在该地城市发展的三个阶段中,城市内部地域功能分区最不明显的是阶段______________。(4分)
(2)漫画反映出城市化发展过程中出现的主要问题是__________,该问题在香港不太严重的主要原因是_____________。(4分)
(3)该地从阶段1到阶段3,城市发展表现出来的主要特点有哪些?(6分)
(4)除漫画所反映的问题外,城市化过程中还会带来哪些方面的城市环境问题?(6分)
2.
读下面明清时期和2002年武汉的城市形态示意图及相关信息,完成下面各题。(16分)

(1)武汉有“九省通衢”之称得益的主要区位因素是什么?简要说明铁路、公路等现代交通的发展对武汉城市形态的变化有何影响?(3分)
(2)汉阳,汉水之阳。山之南水之北谓之“阳”,明初时期汉江改道,改道前,汉江应位于汉阳城的北部还是南部?描述改道时汉口所在地的地理环境?(4分)
(3)城市聚落是人们生产和生活的场所,要创建宜居城市环境,洪涝、酷暑是武汉面临的不利自然条件,分别分析这些不利条件形成的原因。(6分)
(4)汉江、长江在武汉市区交汇,且郊区湖泊众多,简要分析这些河湖湿地对武汉宜居城市的影响。(3分)
3.
阅读下面几组材料,回答下列问题。(14分)
材料1:2010年5月,中央新疆工作会议上正式批准喀什设立经济特区。喀什是中国的西大门,它地处亚欧大陆中心,边境线长达982公里,与五国接壤,有6个国家一类口岸,具有“五口通八国,一路连欧亚”的独特区位优势。喀什地区蕴藏有金、铜、铝、锌、镍、钒、钦、水晶、云母等63种矿产,矿藏储量丰富。
材料2:下图为“喀什所在地区简图”和“地质剖面图”。

材料3:发展“红色产业”是喀什农业生产的一大特色,红花、番茄、枸杞是该地区“红色产业”的三大支柱,其中番茄酱是重要出口创汇产品。
(1)材料1中提到的“五口通八国,一路连欧亚”中的“一路”在古代是指________,在现代是指________________。乙图中喀什所处的地貌属于__________,它是地球__________作用的结果。(4分)
(2)喀什经济特区发展的优势区位条件有哪些?(6分)
(3)随着喀什经济特区的建立和发展,喀什城市化的速度会大大加快。试分析城市化加速对当地自然环境可能造成的不利影响。(4分)

2.单选题(共8题)

4.
下图反映了某市地下水位的变化情况。可以得到的正确信息是:该市 ( )
A.地下水位的变化与全球气候变暖有关
B.1990年以后地下水位持续下降
C.地下水位的变化与城市发展关系密切
D.1950~1980年期间城市发展非常迅速
5.
2012年12月5日,由中国城市竞争力研究会和世界城市合作组织中国城市委员会主办的“第十一届中国城市竞争力排行榜”在香港铜锣湾世贸中心隆重揭晓。2012年最具竞争力的城市中前10名分别是香港、上海、北京、广州、深圳、台北、天津、苏州、杭州、重庆。据此回答小题。
【小题1】下列城市均形成于河流入海口处的是 ( )
A.香港、台北B.深圳、广州
C.天津、杭州D.北京、重庆
【小题2】对于这十个城市的叙述正确的是 ( )
A.除香港外,均为省级行政中心
B.包括了我国的四个直辖市城市
C.这些城市都位于我国的第三级阶梯上
D.十大城市均为沿海城市
6.
读“我国城市数量分布示意图”,回答小题。

【小题1】下列有关我国城市分布的说法正确的是 ( )
A.80°E以西因沙漠广布,城市稀少
B.长江中下游平原是我国城市密集分布区
C.130°E以东因海拔高,城市稀少
D.由南向北逐渐减少是我国城市分布特点
【小题2】下列城市中在地理位置上,同时满足a、b条件的特大城市是 ( )
A.银川B.洛阳
C.成都D.西安
【小题3】目前我国约1/5的城市大气污染严重,机动车排放的尾气成为部分大中城市大气污染的主要来源。为解决该问题,可采取的最合理的有效措施是 ( )
A.市区限制汽车低速行驶
B.大面积植树造林种草
C.开发便携式呼吸面罩
D.合理规划城市道路网
7.
2009年9月国务院通过促进中部崛起规划,决定加快形成沿长江、陇海、京广和京九“两横两纵”经济带,积极培育充满活力的城市群。读武汉城市圈在中国“弓箭型”经济发展格局中的地位示意图,回答小题。

【小题1】武汉城市圈所具有的交通区位优势不包括 ( )
A.长江干流和京广铁路的交汇处
B.有高速铁路和珠江三角洲相沟通
C.铁路、公路、海运、空运等优势明显
D.陆上连接京津冀城市群、河运连接长江三角洲
【小题2】有利于武汉城市群发展的因素包括 ( )
①临近河流,水源丰富 ②人口稠密,城市化基础较好 
③煤炭资源丰富     ④气候常年高温多雨
A.①②B.③④
C.②③D.①④
8.
读图,完成小题。

【小题1】图中③表示河北省的 ( )
A.第一产业B.第二产业
C.第三产业D.全省平均值
【小题2】下列有关河北省城镇化、工业化的说法,正确的是 ( )
A.河北省城镇化带动了工业化的发展
B.工业化和城镇化联系不大
C.提高河北省城镇化水平的快速途径是大力发展工业
D.积极发展第三产业是提高河北省城镇化水平的途径之一
9.
读下图,回答各题。

【小题1】图中四条曲线代表发展中国家城市化水平、发达国家城市化水平、发展中国家城市人口和发达国家城市人口,它们对应的曲线分别是:
A.①②③④B.④③②①C.②④③①D.②①③④
【小题2】从图中能得到的结论是:
A.发达国家城市化速度在加快
B.发展中国家的城市化速度始终高于发达国家
C.2010年世界城市人口比重不到一半
D.目前世界城市人口数量以发展中国家居多
【小题3】有关图中曲线的说法正确的是:
A.①曲线代表的国家应处于城市化发展的加速阶段
B.②曲线代表的国家大部分正处在城市化发展的成熟阶段
C.①曲线代表国家的城市化所出现的问题都已经随经济的发展自行消除
D.①、②两曲线代表的国家城市化发展过程中,都会对环境产生不同程度的影响
10.
读“美国城市化进程图”,回答小题。

【小题1】图中最后阶段城市化的发展速度减缓的原因是 ( )
A.能源短缺,导致工业发展迟缓,影响了城市化的发展速度
B.原有城市化程度已经非常高,可加速发展的空间不大
C.工业基础弱,延缓了城市化速度
D.政府采取政策进行宏观调控
【小题2】美国城市化在甲阶段时,下列表述错误的是 ( )
A.城市人口总量增长缓慢
B.东北部老工业区的人口大量迁往南部和西部
C.许多城市出现劳动力过剩问题
D.形成城市密集地区和城市群
11.
下图是“我国太行山东侧和西侧的交通和城市分布图”。读图回答下列各题。

【小题1】太行山以西的城市分布特点是   (  )
A.沿黄河分布B.沿铁路和河谷分布
C.沿山麓地带分布D.沿冲积扇边界分布
【小题2】太行山以东的两条铁路线上西侧一线的城市规模较大,其主要原因不正确的是(  )
A.地势较高,不易受洪灾影响B.沿大道、公路分布,形成较早
C.河流沿岸,水运便利D.地形平坦,易于城市建设
【小题3】铁路交通对城市的形成和发展具有重要影响,下列哪一城市是图示地区因铁路而兴起的(  )
A.太原B.石家庄C.武汉D.株洲

3.选择题(共7题)

12.

实验室用加热氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物制取氧气,在这一过程中,二氧化锰在固体混合物中的质量分数w与时间t变化关系的图象,正确的是(  )

13.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    The GRAMMY Museum is a musically fascinating journey of music in downtown Los Angeles. Turn up the beat over four floors of modern exhibits, interactive(互动的) experiences and interesting films that will give you a one-of-a-kind experience. They want to engage you, educate you, and inspire you — just like music does!

    There are over 30,000 square feet of interactive, traveling and permanent (永久的) exhibits. This includes over two dozen exhibits along that explore the greatest of the GRAMMY music! Your whole family will find something they love — rock, classical, hip hop to country…

    The Crossroads exhibition invites you to explore nearly 160 kinds of music! Open them up on the interactive table in front of you to show photos, songs and stories that describe the influence that music has on the world, as well as the music itself.

    Journey down the Songwriters Hall of Fame. How many of these songs do you know? How many songwriters have you heard of? You can also try writing a song with some songwriters in the songwriting kiosks(自助式服务设备)!

    Have you wondered how a song gets from someone's head to your radio? The third floor shows the art of recording.

    The museum always has a host of programs and events throughout the year, so make sure you keep up to date — you won't want to miss out!

HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?

Adults: $ 12.95

Children: $ 10.95 (6-17 yrs)

Free: under 5 years old

WHEN CAN WE GO?

Mon-Fri: 11:30 am – 7:30 pm

Weekends: 10:00 am – 7:30 pm

    Sometimes shut for private events, so check before you go.

14.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    The GRAMMY Museum is a musically fascinating journey of music in downtown Los Angeles. Turn up the beat over four floors of modern exhibits, interactive(互动的) experiences and interesting films that will give you a one-of-a-kind experience. They want to engage you, educate you, and inspire you — just like music does!

    There are over 30,000 square feet of interactive, traveling and permanent (永久的) exhibits. This includes over two dozen exhibits along that explore the greatest of the GRAMMY music! Your whole family will find something they love — rock, classical, hip hop to country…

    The Crossroads exhibition invites you to explore nearly 160 kinds of music! Open them up on the interactive table in front of you to show photos, songs and stories that describe the influence that music has on the world, as well as the music itself.

    Journey down the Songwriters Hall of Fame. How many of these songs do you know? How many songwriters have you heard of? You can also try writing a song with some songwriters in the songwriting kiosks(自助式服务设备)!

    Have you wondered how a song gets from someone's head to your radio? The third floor shows the art of recording.

    The museum always has a host of programs and events throughout the year, so make sure you keep up to date — you won't want to miss out!

HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?

Adults: $ 12.95

Children: $ 10.95 (6-17 yrs)

Free: under 5 years old

WHEN CAN WE GO?

Mon-Fri: 11:30 am – 7:30 pm

Weekends: 10:00 am – 7:30 pm

    Sometimes shut for private events, so check before you go.

15.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Albert Hofmann was a Swiss Scientist who was fascinated by nature. This led him to a career in chemistry in which he sought answers to his uncertainties. He worked at Sandoz Laboratories where he nurtured his research work, and there he made a lot of success by working with various plants and changing them into something useful. He became famous when he became the first person to produce lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (迷幻药). In addition, he was also the first person to taste it and learn about its hallucinogenic (勾起幻觉的) effects. He was deeply connected to the nature and argued that LSD, besides being useful for psychiatry(精神病学), could also be used to promote awareness of mankind's place in nature. However, he was disappointed that his discovery was being carelessly used as a drug for entertainment. Because of his discovery, LSD fans have fondly called him “The father of LSD”. Besides carrying out his scientific experiments, he also authored numerous books and more than 100 scientific articles. In 2007, he featured in a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses(天才), published by The Telegraph Newspaper.

Childhood & Early Life

    Albert Hofmann was born in Baden, Switzerland, on January 11, 1906. He was the eldest of four children. His father was a poor toolmaker in a factory and they lived in a rented apartment. He spent much of his childhood outdoors, and grew up with a very deep connection with nature.

    He had mind-blowing experiences in childhood, wherein nature was changed in magical ways that he didn't understand. These experiences caused questions in his mind, and chemistry was the scientific field which allowed him to understand them.

    He studied chemistry at Zurich University, and his main interest is the chemistry of plants and animals. At 23, he earned his Ph. D with honors.

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17.阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Once upon a time, there lived two parent parrots. Every morning they flew out to 1 food for their two young birds. One day, a hunter 2 the young birds. The young birds 3 to free themselves from the hands of the hunter. One 4 from the hunter, while the other was taken in a cage by the hunter to his house. He gave it to his 5.

    The other parrot flew away and came to a place where some holy men lived. They did not 6 the young parrot, so it stayed there. It 7 their talk and learned to say a few words.

    Several years later, a traveler was walking near the hunter's hut(小屋). He sat near the hut, extremely 8. He heard the parrot that lived there say, “9, why have you come here? I will cut your throat.” The traveler 10 got up and left the place in a hurry. Then he happened to reach the place where the other parrot lived. The parrot was sitting on a tree. Seeing the traveler, it said, “Welcome, traveler. Welcome to this hermitage(偏僻的寺院). We have a lot of good 11 in this forest, which looks sweet and delicious. Eat whatever you like. The holy men will 12 you well.”

    The traveler was 13. He couldn't understand why this parrot was so polite 14 the other one was so rude. They were both parrots, after all. 15 it wasn't strange. The parrot he met first lived with the hunter's children who often spoke 16 words, while the parrot he met later had learned the 17 of holy people.

    Our growing environment is of great 18. It is the company that shapes our words and deeds. Good company helps us learn good things while bad company 19 the contrary. Therefore, choose the 20 people to grow up with.

18.It has been {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(宣布) that the President of the US will visit China next month.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(3道)

    单选题:(8道)

    选择题:(7道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:0

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:11