Directions: After reading the passage below , fill in each blank with the proper forms of the given words to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.

Sports shoes that work out 【小题1】 their owner has enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been devised in the UK. The shoes — named Square Eyes — contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver 【小题2】 (connect) to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day’s efforts.

The design was inspired by a desire to fight 【小题3】 the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, 【小题4】 developed Square Eyes as a final year design project at Brunel University to London, UK. “We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,” she says. “And I wanted to tackle that with my design.” 【小题5】 a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically 【小题6】 (switch) off. And further time in front of the TV 【小题7】 only be earned through more steps.

Swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily amounts of 【小题8】. Health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television. So, every 100 steps recorded by the Square Eyes shoes 【小题9】 (equal) precisely one minute of TV time.

Existing pedometers（计步器）normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can be easily tricked 【小题10】 recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be 【小题11】 (hard) for lazy teenagers to cheat. “It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,” she says. “That was one of my main design considerations.”

Translation
【小题1】去年以来，这种商品的价格保持不变。(remain)
【小题2】她在论文中不仅提到了这个现象，并且做出了深入分析。(refer, in addition)
【小题3】尽管父亲告诉她拳击是男性运动，她还是在 11 岁时开始拳击训练。(despite)
【小题4】地铁的建造是为了满足周边居民的需求，到达那些原本无法抵达的地方。(response)
【小题5】如果你不确定是否当众示爱是禁忌，你可以请教当地人，以免不知不觉地侮辱和冒犯到他们。(unsure)

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be
used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Youth sport has the 【小题1】 to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be 【小题2】 active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are 【小题3】 for the learning of motor skills(运动技能); these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport 【小题4】. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport 【小题5】 design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.

Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules 【小题6】 from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children 【小题7】 change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When 【小题8】 in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior (having fun).

On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are 【小题9】 by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when 【小题10】 are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skill in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable.

Although the drills used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.