Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

It was a cold winter day that Sunday. The parking lot to the church filled up quickly. I noticed, as I got out of my car, fellow church members 【小题1】 (whisper) among themselves as they walked in the church.

As I got closer, I saw a man leaning up against the wall outside the church. He was almost lying down 【小题2】 he were asleep. His hat was pulled down so you 【小题3】 not see his face. He wore shoes 【小题4】 looked 30 years old, too small for his feet, with holes all over them, his toes stuck out.

I guessed this man was homeless and asleep, so I walked on by through the doors of the church. We all talked for a few minutes, and someone mentioned the man 【小题5】 (lie) outside. People whispered but no one took trouble 【小题6】 (ask) him to come in, including me.

A few minutes later church began. We all waited for the preacher to take his place and to give us the Word, when the doors to the church opened. In came the man walking down the church with his head down. People gasped and whispered and made faces. He made his way down the church and up onto the pulpit (讲坛) 【小题7】 he took off his hat and coat. My heart sank.

There 【小题8】 (stand) our preacher... he was 【小题9】 “homeless man”. The preacher took his Bible and laid it on his stand. “Folks, I don’t think I have to tell you 【小题10】 I am preaching today. If you judge people by their appearance, you have no time to love them.”

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

IT WAS 1:00 a.m. in Tokyo. We’d got lost trying to find our Airbnb, and were now at an address that looked 90% right. There were keys in the letterbox, 【小题1】 our host said they’d be. So when the security code didn’t work, I just grabbed them out through the narrow hole with my hands.

But when I was turning the keys in the lock, the door opened. A lady and her daughter looked out at us, 【小题2】 (puzzle). Definitely not our Airbnb then. Amazingly though, they didn’t scream at us, call the police, or both. For the next 20 minutes, they tried to help us find the right ad dress. And when we turned up nothing, they formally apologized to us — the foreigners who 【小题3】 (try) to break into their home.

In Japan, there are many ways to apologize. The lady used “gomen-nasai,” 【小题4】 most people use the more casual “sumimasen.” Often translated as an apologetic “excuse me,” it 【小题5】 be heard in doorways, taxis, shops and restaurants in Japan.

“Only 10% of ‘sumimasen’ is an apology,” 【小题6】 Laurie Inokuma, who holds a degree in Japanese from Cornell University. “Ninety percent is used to show respect, politeness and honesty,” she said. “It’s an everyday word. When someone does something for you, getting out of your way in the grocery store, or holding a door, ‘sumimasen’ is the common response.”

Just as easily as a “thank you” or a “sorry”, “sumimasen” is regularly used to acknowledge the trouble someone has gone to for you. “There’s a modesty in it; 【小题7】 (depend) on the situation, it’s either apologetic or grateful,” Inokuma said.

Erin Niimi Longhurst, a British-Japanese author, agrees. “There’s a culture of apology but also a culture of thankfulness in Japan,” she said. This year’s World Cup is an example of this level of courtesy: When Japan lost its final match, the team made headlines when they stayed behind 【小题8】 (clean) the entire changing room. They even left a thank-you note.

If apologies are just one cog (齿轮) in the larger moving wheel of Japanese politeness, where does this cultural concept come from? “There is a need for politeness in Japan to get along with your neighbors living above you — it’s a respect for others,” Inokuma said. Japan has some of 【小题9】 (densely) packed cities in the world. 【小题10】 there’s a limit on space, it suddenly seems natural to become as considerate as possible.

Translation
【小题1】只有这所学校的学生才可以使用学校的图书馆。(access)
【小题2】关于这起事故的调查报告将在周一前向公众发布。(release)
【小题3】得知孩子们都被带到了安全的地方，有些家长禁不住喜极而泣。(safety)
【小题4】各国领导人不仅就气候变化达成共识，还强调了技术进步的重要性。(Not only)

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Scientists have proved what students have long suspected: Maths equations can actually trigger physical pain.

Regions of the brain linked with the experience of physical 【小题1】 were activated in those fearful of maths when they were presented with a tough equation, researchers have found. The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more it 【小题2】 activity in regions of their brain associated with visceral (内脏的) threat detection, and often the experience of pain itself.

However, the researchers say their study examines the pain response associated with anticipating an anxiety-provoking event, rather than the pain associated with a 【小题3】 event itself. A maths task itself is not painful but 【小题4】 the thought of it is highly unpleasant to certain people.

“Maths can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMAs), math is associated with tension, apprehension (忧虑) and fear,” the researchers said in their paper titled. When Math Hurts. “【小题5】, this relation was not seen during math performance, 【小题6】 that it is not that math itself hurts, rather, the anticipation of math is painful. These results may also provide a potential neural mechanism to explain why (people with) HMAs tend to 【小题7】 math and math-related situations, which in turn can bias (使有偏见) (those with) high levels of mathematics-anxiety away from taking math classes or even entire math-related 【小题8】 paths. We provide the first neural 【小题9】indicating the nature of the subjective experience of math-anxiety.

Other forms of psychological stress, such as social 【小题10】 or a traumatic break-up, can also elicit feeling of physical pain.”