2017年冬季甘肃省普通高中学业水平考试标准测评(二)地理试卷

适用年级:高三
试卷号:466111

试卷类型:学业考试
试卷考试时间:2017/11/21

1.综合题(共5题)

1.
阅读材料,完成下列问题。
材料一:大小兴安岭作为我国重要的生态屏障和国有林区,60多年来已累计生产木材10.5亿立方米。但长期的高强度开发,导致林区生态功能退化、可采林木资源锐减、林区民生困难。可以说“竭泽而渔”式的采伐再不停止,大小兴安岭林区将面临名存实亡的窘境。
材料二:2013年,大小兴安岭林区进行国家低碳经济示范区建设,大小兴安岭林区要逐步停止天然林采伐。实施森林分类经营,对国家级公益林,优先安排营造林,全面禁止商品性采伐,禁止矿产勘探与开发。在禁伐的同时,还开展植树造林活动。
(1)森林火灾是导致大兴安岭地区森林资源破坏的原因之一,大兴安岭的森林火灾多发生于______(季节),原因为___________监测森林火灾的技术手段为_________。
(2)大面积天然森林破坏给当地带来的环境问题有哪些?(答出三点即可)
(3)大兴安岭地区要实现林业可持续发展应采取哪些措施?(答出四点即可)
2.
读“太阳系模式图”,回答问题。

(1)太阳系的中心天体是
(2)图中行星A , C
(3)图中小行星带位于火星轨道和 轨道之间。
(4)地球上存在生命物质与其所处的宇宙环境关系密切,该图反映有利于地球生命存在的宇宙环境条件是  。
3.
读“2013年5月27日6时我国天气形势图”,回答(1)-(3)题。

(1)图示时刻B地的风向为     __________  。 A、B、C、F四地中风力最大的是 ________________________  ,原因是
(2)从气流状况看,控制C地的天气系统是    ,C、D、E三地中可能以阴雨天气为主的是  
(3)甲锋面过境时,天气特点是   ,受其影响可能带来的灾害天气有     
4.
读“人口增长模式随时间变化图”,回答下列问题。

(1)图中斜线部分表达的概念是_________________。
(2)图中A阶段人口增长模式的特征是_______________________。
(3)图中处于E阶段的国家最容易出现的人口问题是________________。解决该问题的措施有(任答两条即可): ①_____________________②______________________
5.
读图,回答问题。

(1)该地区城市分布密集,从自然地理区位分析,主要受__________、__________、____________ 等因素的影响较大。
(2)从1985年到2000年,该区域城市发展的显著变化有___________、_____________、____________。
(3)推动该地区城市发展的主要动力是__________。
(4)现阶段,我国城市化大力发展之时,发达国家部分地区却出现逆城市化现象,试分析其主要原因。

2.单选题(共18题)

6.
读某节气某半球近地面风带分布模式图,回答下面小题。

【小题1】M、N 气压带之间的盛行风向 是(   )
A.西南风B.东 北风C.东南风D.西北风
【小题2】全年受到 N 气压带影响的地区气候特征是(   )
A.全年温和干燥B.全年高温多雨
C.全年炎热干燥D.全年温和湿润
【小题3】该时期地理现象是否合理(   )
A.北印度洋海水呈逆时针流动B.我国受冬季风影响明显
C.东北地区河流正值枯水期D.我国西北地区河流正值汛期
7.
读下图,完成下列各题。

【小题1】图中河流a、b、c三处主要的流水作用是(  )
A.侵蚀、搬运、堆积B.搬运、侵蚀、堆积
C.侵蚀、堆积、搬运D.堆积、搬运、侵蚀
【小题2】图中d农业区和c城区最有可能形成的河流地貌的名称是(  )
A.瀑布、河漫滩平原B.冲积扇、三角洲平原
C.三角洲平原、冲积平原D.河漫滩平原、冲积扇
【小题3】下列关于图中铁路、农业区、城区的布局的叙述,不正确的是(  )
A.d处位于山前地带,土层厚、水源丰,有利于种植业的发展
B.b处附近处于河流沿岸低地,地势平坦,利于城市的形成和发展
C.c处位于河流下游入海口附近,交通条件得天独厚,利于城市的发展壮大
D.与公路建设相比,铁路投资少、技术要求低,故图示区域的交通方式以铁路运输为主
8.

   甲、乙两图示意两种常见的热力环流,读图完成下列各题。

【小题1】甲图所示的热力环流(  )
A. 出现在白天   B. 出现在夜间
C. 此时陆地近地面为低压   D. 此时海洋高空为低压
【小题2】乙图中(  )
A. 市区气温高于郊区 B. 市区气压高于郊区
C. 在①地建设绿化带比在②地更合理    D. 在②地布局水泥厂比①地更合理
9.
读“地球圈层结构示意图”(如下图),结合所学知识完成下列各题。

【小题1】图中数码所代表的地球圈层正确的是(  )
①为大气平流层
②为岩石圈
③为软流层
④为下地幔
A.①③B.③④C.①②D.②④
【小题2】下列有关图示地球各圈层特点的叙述,正确的有(  )
①圈层气温随高度增加而递减 
②圈层的厚度陆地较海洋大
③圈层物质处于熔融状态,是岩浆的发源地 
④圈层的物质状态为固态
A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④
10.
读地球公转的“二分二至”图,回答下列问题:

【小题1】图中字母C所代表的节气名称是()
A.春分B.秋分C.冬至D.夏至
【小题2】有关国庆节前后地球公转位置、太阳直射点和地球公转速度的叙述正确的是:()
A.地球公转到AB之间,速度减慢
B.地球公转BC之间,太阳直射点在北半球
C.地球公转到CD之间,速度逐渐加快
D.地球公转到DA之间,太阳直射点在南半球
11.
从“五一”劳动节至“六一”儿童节这段时间在兰州昼夜长短变化情况是
A.昼长夜短,白昼逐渐延长B.昼长夜短,白昼开始缩短
C.昼短夜长,黑夜逐渐延长D.昼短夜长,黑夜逐渐缩短
12.
读“等高面与等压面关系示意图”(下图),完成下面小题。

【小题1】图中表示气压相等的数码是(  )
A.④和⑤B.①和③
C.①和④D.③和⑤
【小题2】关于图中甲、乙两地大气状况的叙述正确的是(  )
A.甲地气压低于乙地B.甲地气温高于乙地
C.甲地空气受热下降D.乙地易形成阴雨天气
13.
地球上占淡水总储量最多的水体
A.大气水B.海洋水C.地下淡水D.冰川
14.
读 “水循环示意图”,完成下面小题。

【小题1】该示意图中①③④⑤四个箭头共同表示的水循环是
A.海上内循环B.陆地内循环
C.海陆间循环D.地表水与地下水之间的循环
【小题2】“一江春水向东流”在示意图中表示为
A.③B.④C.⑤D.⑥
【小题3】人类影响最大的水循环环节是
A.地下径流B.地表径流C.降水D.蒸发
15.
下列属于生长边界而形成的地貌是
A.海沟B.海岭C.岛弧链D.海岸山脉
16.
下列地理事物与其相对应的成因连线正确的是(  )
A.黄土高原千沟万壑的地貌——风力堆积作用B.高山上的冰斗、角峰——冰川堆积作用
C.干旱地区的蘑菇石——褶皱隆起D.长江三峡、黄果树瀑布——流水侵蚀作用
17.
内含有化石,被称为是记录地球历史的“书页”和“文字”的岩石是 (   )
A.岩浆岩B.火山岩C.沉积岩D.变质岩
18.
下列地理现象的变化能正确反映地理环境整体性的是    (   )
A.我国从多雨的东南沿海到干旱的西北内陆,植被有明显的变化
B.秦岭南坡太阳辐射强于北坡,植被生长茂盛
C.云贵高原由于植被破坏,水土流失严重,出现石漠化
D.沙漠地区生长着大量的芦苇
19.
下图为“某城市25年间发展变化示意图”,读下图回答下列各题。

【小题1】图中可直接观察到的城市发展现象是
A.城市人口不断增加B.城市人口在总人口中的比重不断增加
C.城市用地规模不断扩大D.城市工业生产和商业服务水平不断提高
【小题2】该地区城市发展带来的影响是
A.城郊农业生产结构发生变化B.城市道路建设受到限制
C.城市人口增长速度缓慢D.地区经济发展趋势变缓
20.
有关地形与城市区位的叙述,正确的是( )
①山区一般土地肥沃,便于农耕,是城市发育的理想环境
②世界的城市都位于平原上
③热带地区的城市多分布在气候凉爽的高原地区
④平原、高原和山区都会有城市分布
A.①②B.①④C.③④D.②③
21.

   读下图,图中甲、乙、丙反映了三类工厂的投入构成情况,据此回答下列问题。

【小题1】按主导因素划分,甲类工厂代表的工业类型是
A.市场导向型B.劳动力导向型
C.原料导向型D.动力导向型
【小题2】乙类工厂运费低的原因最不可能是
A.需要的原料和能源少
B.产品科技含量高、运量小
C.以航空运输为主
D.靠近原料地和消费市场
22.
读三个地区农业基本情况比较图,回答下列各题。

【小题1】与图示资料相符合的农业地域类型是( )
A.甲——美国商品谷物农业
B.乙——澳大利亚混合农业
C.丙——亚洲季风水田农业
D.甲——城郊乳畜业
【小题2】下列属于甲地区发展农业的主要优势条件的是( )
A.人口稠密,劳动力丰富
B.地广人稀,土地面积广阔
C.常年高温少雨的气候
D.便利的交通运输条件
23.
下列关于工业集聚的说法,错误的是
A.有工业联系的企业必然会导致工业集聚
B.工业集聚的根本目的是为了取得效益最大化
C.工业集聚的地域有可能发展成为工业城市
D.工业集聚可能会导致环境污染、地价上涨等问题

3.选择题(共7题)

24.

阅读理解

    One day, Mr. Arnold was teaching a lesson, and things were going as normally as ever. He was explaining the story of human being to his pupils. He told them that, in the beginning, men were nomads (游牧); they never stayed in the same place for very long. Instead, they would travel about, here and there, in search of food, wherever it was to be found. And when the food ran out, they would move off somewhere else.

    He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals. This was an important discovery, because by learning to cultivate (耕作) the land, and care for animals, mankind would always have food steadily. It also meant that people could remain living in one place, and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to finish, like building towns, cities, and all that were in them. All the children were listening attracted by this story, until Lucy jumped up:

    “And if that was so important and improved everything so much, why are we nomads all over again, Mr. Arnold?”

    Mr. Arnold didn't know what to say. Lucy was a very clever girl. He knew that she lived with her parents in a house, so she must know that her family were not nomads; so what did she mean?

    “We have all become nomads again,” continued Lucy, “The other day, outside the city, they were cutting the forest down. A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish. It's the same with everyone: when there's no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere, and when the fish run out the fishermen move on. That's what the nomads did, isn't it?

    The teacher nodded, thoughtfully. Really, Lucy was right. Mankind had turned into nomads. Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs, we kept developing it until the land was bare. And then off we would go to the next place! The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized (文明的).

    The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt, with a message that said “I am not a nomad!”

    And, from then on, they set about showing that indeed they were not. Every time they knew they needed something, they made sure that they would get it using care and control. If they needed wood or paper, they would make sure that they got the recycled kind. They ordered their fish from fish farms, making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small. They only used animals that were well cared for, and brought up on farms.

    And so, from their little town, those children managed to give up being nomads again, just as prehistoric men had done, so many thousands of years ago.

25.

阅读理解

    One day, Mr. Arnold was teaching a lesson, and things were going as normally as ever. He was explaining the story of human being to his pupils. He told them that, in the beginning, men were nomads (游牧); they never stayed in the same place for very long. Instead, they would travel about, here and there, in search of food, wherever it was to be found. And when the food ran out, they would move off somewhere else.

    He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals. This was an important discovery, because by learning to cultivate (耕作) the land, and care for animals, mankind would always have food steadily. It also meant that people could remain living in one place, and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to finish, like building towns, cities, and all that were in them. All the children were listening attracted by this story, until Lucy jumped up:

    “And if that was so important and improved everything so much, why are we nomads all over again, Mr. Arnold?”

    Mr. Arnold didn't know what to say. Lucy was a very clever girl. He knew that she lived with her parents in a house, so she must know that her family were not nomads; so what did she mean?

    “We have all become nomads again,” continued Lucy, “The other day, outside the city, they were cutting the forest down. A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish. It's the same with everyone: when there's no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere, and when the fish run out the fishermen move on. That's what the nomads did, isn't it?

    The teacher nodded, thoughtfully. Really, Lucy was right. Mankind had turned into nomads. Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs, we kept developing it until the land was bare. And then off we would go to the next place! The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized (文明的).

    The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt, with a message that said “I am not a nomad!”

    And, from then on, they set about showing that indeed they were not. Every time they knew they needed something, they made sure that they would get it using care and control. If they needed wood or paper, they would make sure that they got the recycled kind. They ordered their fish from fish farms, making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small. They only used animals that were well cared for, and brought up on farms.

    And so, from their little town, those children managed to give up being nomads again, just as prehistoric men had done, so many thousands of years ago.

26.

阅读理解

    One day, Mr. Arnold was teaching a lesson, and things were going as normally as ever. He was explaining the story of human being to his pupils. He told them that, in the beginning, men were nomads (游牧); they never stayed in the same place for very long. Instead, they would travel about, here and there, in search of food, wherever it was to be found. And when the food ran out, they would move off somewhere else.

    He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals. This was an important discovery, because by learning to cultivate (耕作) the land, and care for animals, mankind would always have food steadily. It also meant that people could remain living in one place, and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to finish, like building towns, cities, and all that were in them. All the children were listening attracted by this story, until Lucy jumped up:

    “And if that was so important and improved everything so much, why are we nomads all over again, Mr. Arnold?”

    Mr. Arnold didn't know what to say. Lucy was a very clever girl. He knew that she lived with her parents in a house, so she must know that her family were not nomads; so what did she mean?

    “We have all become nomads again,” continued Lucy, “The other day, outside the city, they were cutting the forest down. A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish. It's the same with everyone: when there's no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere, and when the fish run out the fishermen move on. That's what the nomads did, isn't it?

    The teacher nodded, thoughtfully. Really, Lucy was right. Mankind had turned into nomads. Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs, we kept developing it until the land was bare. And then off we would go to the next place! The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized (文明的).

    The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt, with a message that said “I am not a nomad!”

    And, from then on, they set about showing that indeed they were not. Every time they knew they needed something, they made sure that they would get it using care and control. If they needed wood or paper, they would make sure that they got the recycled kind. They ordered their fish from fish farms, making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small. They only used animals that were well cared for, and brought up on farms.

    And so, from their little town, those children managed to give up being nomads again, just as prehistoric men had done, so many thousands of years ago.

27.

下列加横线字注音有误的一项是(    )

28.

下列加横线字注音有误的一项是(    )

29.

下列加横线字注音有误的一项是(    )

30.

下列属于北京城市职能的是(  )

试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(5道)

    单选题:(18道)

    选择题:(7道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:21