2013-2014年重庆市八中高二下期期中历史试卷

适用年级:高二
试卷号:455887

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2017/7/20

1.材料分析题(共2题)

1.
阅读材料,回答问题:
材料一 由于最近二十五年来大工业已有很大发展而工人阶级的政党组织也跟着发展起来……尤其是有了无产阶级第一次掌握政权达两月之久的巴黎公社的实际经验,所以这个纲领现在有些地方已经过时了。特别是公社已经证明:“工人阶级不能简单地掌握现成的国家机器,并运用它来达到自己的目的。”
——马克思、恩格斯《共产党宣言》1872年德文版序言
材料二 不仅如此,马克思还发现了现代资本主义生产方式和它所产生的资产阶级社会的特殊的运动规律。
——恩格斯《在马克思墓前的讲话》
材料三 华尔街金融危机的蔓延,使很多西方人反思美式自由市场主义的弊端,批判资本主义的鸿篇巨制《资本论》重新成为读者的宠儿。2008年10月17日,马克思著作《资本论》在法兰克福的“卡尔·马克思书店”已告售罄。“连银行家和经理们也开始读《资本论》。”柏林卡尔·迪茨出版社经理说,“马克思主义绝对火。现在,马克思又成为了时尚。”
——2008年10月18日《新华网》
(1)根据材料一,分析作者认为导致“纲领现在有些地方已经过时”的原因。
(2)指出材料二中所说“特殊的运动规律”是指哪个理论。结合所学知识,指出马克思论述这一理论的著作。
(3)根据材料三并结合所学,分析一个半世纪后马克思主义“又成为了时尚”的原因,你认为对马克思主义应持怎样的科学态度。
2.
阅读材料,回答问题(16分):
材料一在巴黎和会上,美国主张吸收世界各国包括战败的德国加入国际联盟;如果发生领土争端,国联有权干预;国联应负责处理战败国的殖民地。
——王绳祖《国际关系史》
材料二由于英国和法国对于国联该是一个什么样的机构——是一个警察,还是一个调停者有分歧,这就使得这一组织缺乏强制执行的权力,也没有真正的集体安全的机制。因此,令人啼笑皆非的是,国联不是遏制侵略,而是使世界陷于混乱。
——保罗﹒肯尼迪《大国的兴衰》
材料三 ……联合国又不是对国联的简单继承和翻版,不是试图恢复过去,而是在创造未来。相对国联,联合国的突出变化,在于开始摆脱少数大国控制的局面,而越来越表达出世界人民的呼声。
——李琳琦《国际联盟与联合国的历史比较》
(1)根据材料一,分析美国最初提出建立国际联盟的目的。(6分)
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,指出国联建立后的实质。(2分)指出材料二中作者对国联的评价,并结合相关史实论证。(4分)
(3)结合材料三,指出联合国相比国联性质的变化。(2分)请运用相关的史实加以说明。(2分)

2.选择题(共11题)

3.下列函数中,与函数y=x(x≠0)图象相同的是(   )
4.针对“地圆学说”,清士大夫杨光先说:“若四大部州,万国之山河大地,是一个大圆球……球上国土之人之脚心与球下国土之人脚心相对……竞不思在下之国土人之倒悬……有识者以理推之,不觉喷饭满案矣!夫人顶天立地,未闻有横立倒立之人也……此可以见大地之非圆也。”之所以有这样言论,是因为他不知道(    )
5.“由于牛顿证明了地上的力学也能应用于天上的星球,从而昭示了一种简单而统一的自然规律的存在,整个思想界不禁为之亢奋。”为此,思想家(    )
6.讲一两个他人战胜失败走向成功的例子。

7.假如你是李华,双鸭山最近的雾霾天气令你颇有感触,决定向校刊“英语角”投稿。请根据下列要点写一篇短文。

1).雾霾天气的危害;

2).雾霾产生的原因;

3).自我防护的方法。

参考词汇:雾霾天气 hazy weather

尾气排放 exhaust emission

注意:1).词数: 100-120

2).可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

    Nowadays, the hazy weather frequently appears in our hometown.

8.阅读理解

    Most nations have at least one type of food that people from other countries think is unusual or unethical(不道德的)to eat. In France, people eat horse meat and frog legs. In South Korea and parts of China, restaurants serve dog meat. And in Australia, it's common to cook kangaroo meat on the barbecue and use emu(鸸鹋)eggs to make pancakes.

    The kangaroo and emu are native to Australia. Both animals are important to the national image of Australia and appear on the Australian coat of arms. They're also central figures in the history of the indigenous(土生土长的)Australian Aboriginals(土著人). However, Aboriginal tribes still hunt these animals for their meat, fur and fat.

    Today, Australian people continue to eat these animals. One of the reasons people eat kangaroo meat is that it's high in protein and low in fat, so eating kangaroo is a good option for anyone on a diet. It's also cheaper to eat kangaroo meat than other red meats. Because of this, a lot of university students choose to buy kangaroo meat. BBC News also reported that Australian scientists believe that eating kangaroo meat is good for the environment--kangaroos have different digestive systems than cows and sheep, meaning they produce less methane(甲烷),the second biggest contributor to global warming.

    While emu meat is high in iron and vitamin C, most people don't think it tastes good. For this reason, they prefer emu eggs. One egg is large enough to make seven omelettes(煎蛋). And while it's illegal to collect emu eggs from the wild, they can be bought from emu farms. Rather than cracking the beautiful dark shell, it's better to drain it by putting a small hole at each end and blowing. Afterwards, you can even carve a design into the eggshell.

9.完形填空

    I learned to do wood work when I was very young. I remember I made my first project—a small table when I was 9 years old. I was so1of it that I looked upon it as if I had created a(an)2. It was absolutely beautiful and it had taken me six weeks to3it. I could hardly wait to give it to Mother Winters as a(an)4. She was the head mistress of our orphanage(孤儿院), who was always kind but5with us.

    As the tables were not dry from the clear coating(清漆), our woodworking teacher told us to wait a few days before taking them to our dormitories. But I was just so6and happy that I couldn't wait. I dashed out like a7, carrying my table, smiling from ear to ear.

    When I reached the dormitory I placed the little table beside my bed. I was8it when Mother Winters entered. She walked over to the table. Running her hand9it, she noticed that it was still wet.

    “Were you 10to bring this home?” she asked.

    “No, ma'am,” I 11with my head down.

    She ordered me to throw the table out and so I did. After she left, I immediately opened the door to get it back. There was 12stuck all over. I brushed and cried, but the dirt would not come off.

    I hid the table in my closet and never 13it. However, a year later during a cleaning-up, it was discovered. Painfully, I had to give the table to Mother Henderson, my houseparent, thinking that she would 14it away.

    Thirty years later at a reunion, I15that Mother Henderson was living nearby, so I drove up to see her. We talked cheerfully for a long time. As I was about to leave, she asked me to come down to her 16to get something important. I followed her 17into a dark corner. She picked something up.18she turned around, I could see that she was holding a little table. Mother Henderson kept the little table that I had given up for lost so long ago.

    Today, I look at that table with bittersweet memories but full of 19to Mother Henderson, who kept the table for a young orphan who20it so much.

10.完形填空

    I learned to do wood work when I was very young. I remember I made my first project—a small table when I was 9 years old. I was so1of it that I looked upon it as if I had created a(an)2. It was absolutely beautiful and it had taken me six weeks to3it. I could hardly wait to give it to Mother Winters as a(an)4. She was the head mistress of our orphanage(孤儿院), who was always kind but5with us.

    As the tables were not dry from the clear coating(清漆), our woodworking teacher told us to wait a few days before taking them to our dormitories. But I was just so6and happy that I couldn't wait. I dashed out like a7, carrying my table, smiling from ear to ear.

    When I reached the dormitory I placed the little table beside my bed. I was8it when Mother Winters entered. She walked over to the table. Running her hand9it, she noticed that it was still wet.

    “Were you 10to bring this home?” she asked.

    “No, ma'am,” I 11with my head down.

    She ordered me to throw the table out and so I did. After she left, I immediately opened the door to get it back. There was 12stuck all over. I brushed and cried, but the dirt would not come off.

    I hid the table in my closet and never 13it. However, a year later during a cleaning-up, it was discovered. Painfully, I had to give the table to Mother Henderson, my houseparent, thinking that she would 14it away.

    Thirty years later at a reunion, I15that Mother Henderson was living nearby, so I drove up to see her. We talked cheerfully for a long time. As I was about to leave, she asked me to come down to her 16to get something important. I followed her 17into a dark corner. She picked something up.18she turned around, I could see that she was holding a little table. Mother Henderson kept the little table that I had given up for lost so long ago.

    Today, I look at that table with bittersweet memories but full of 19to Mother Henderson, who kept the table for a young orphan who20it so much.

11.单词拼写(根据句意填入正确的单词)
12.阅读理解

    Jack Ma's net worth increased $2.8bn overnight as Alibaba forecast sales growth that topped every analyst's estimate, despite the fact that China's economy is slowing down.

    Mr. Ma, aged 52 this year, is now the richest person in Asia and 14th wealthiest in the world, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. His net worth has climbed $8.5bn this year to $(4)8bn.

    The latest surge came after China's largest e-commerce company forecast 45 to 49 percent revenue(收入) growth in the year ending March, demonstrating how investments beyond online shopping are paying off. Shares in Alibaba, where Mr. Ma is chairman, rose 13 percent to a record high.

    Alibaba and Tencent, which dominate online shopping and social media, respectively have ventured(冒险) deeper into new areas from cloud computing services to streaming music and video as the country's economy slows. Alibaba is capturing more digital advertising spending by incorporating(合并) social elements such as video in its shopping sites.

    Alibaba is holding meetings with investors this week. On Friday, the former English teacher said he wasn't going to discuss corporate forecasts. He took the stage instead to describe how his company had become effectively the world's 22nd largest economy—just after Argentina—in terms of transaction(交易) by never fearing to think big. Mr. Ma, who said Alibaba revises 10-year plans annually, foresaw the company becoming the fifth-largest eventually by 2036 by serving a burgeoning Chinese middle classes, taking advantage of global trade and making use of its valuable data.

    Ma's comments about the evolution of data-driven technology echoed Masayoshi Son, Chairman of Japan's SoftBank. SoftBank—Alibaba's largest shareholder—has invested billions in companies such as ARM with the intention of staking out a leading position in the future Internet of Things.

    “The Internet of Things is going to be big because in the past, machines drink electricity,” Mr. Ma told investors. “In the next 20 years, machines will drink data. In the future, no company, no country, no business can survive without data.”

13.

网易新闻网:尽管36年过去了,但很多人仍习惯说这样一句话,“如果没有邓小平,我现在还是个泥瓦匠”;“如果没有邓小平,我现在还是个赤脚医生……”话里的身份可以无尽的更替,不变的是话中的追忆、感激。这里所说的“追忆、感激”主要是对( )

3.单选题(共17题)

14.
美国《时代》周刊评选出的20世纪风云人物,对其中一人的评价为:“在许多科技领域里,特别是在探索和利用原子和宇宙的多种作用力方面,他是值得人们记忆的人。”这个风云人物是
A.达尔文B.牛顿
C.爱因斯坦D.居里夫人
15.
以下发明与牛顿有关的是
A.天文望远镜B.留声机C.电视机D.蒸汽机
16.
德国进攻波兰之前,英国政治家反复强调:“波兰作为一个殉难者比作为一个主权国家更有利于英国。”由此可见,英国考虑的是
A.波兰的存亡对英国利益无关紧要B.波兰保持独立会打破欧洲大陆均势
C.帮助波兰会大量消耗英国国力D.波兰灭亡后利于德国进攻苏联
17.
二战后期英国首相丘吉尔和苏联领导人斯大林曾在某次国际会议上划分了对某些国家的战后控制权。此表透露的正确信息是
A.英国独占世界霸权的愿望B.东欧成为苏联英国战后争夺的焦点  
C.英国欲损取利益讨好美国D.带有明显的大国强权色彩
18.
有人说:“把纳粹党的暴政加在自己身上的,是德国人自己。”对此理解正确的是
A.纳粹党通过议会选举的合法道路成为执政党
B.纳粹党使德国摆脱了凡尔赛体系的束缚
C.迫害犹太人迎合了大多数德国人的心理
D.纳粹党的扩张给德国人带来了实际利益
19.
这次会议是二战期间的第三次、也是最后一次美英苏三国首脑会议。其内容主要是讨论如何处置战败的德国,包括战后肃清纳粹主义,重建德国经济,以及德国战争赔偿等问题。据此判断,这次会议还讨论了
A.开辟第二战场的问题B.重申《开罗宣言》的必要性
C.协同对意作战的问题D.签署《大西洋宪章》的意义
20.
美国黑人领袖杜波伊斯在1918年写下:“这场战争既是一个结局,也是一个开端……在这些地方,迟早将出现独立的中国、自治的印度、代议制的埃及、非洲人的而不仅仅是供他人进行商业剥削的非洲。”这反映了他认识到一战对世界的影响有
①人类的生命和财产遭到重大损失; ②殖民地半殖民地国家的民族觉醒
③欧洲为中心的世界格局受到挑战; ④和平主义思潮将在世界盛行一时
A.①②B.②③
C.①④D.③④
21.
1896年德皇威廉二世说:“我们十年前开始实行殖民政策而未有舰队……我们现在有了大量的殖民属地……因为这些殖民属地与英国继续不断地发生或大或小的纠纷……我们的贸易正和英国作生死的斗争……但是在各大洋上航行的挂着我们旗帜的大批商船,在130只英国巡洋舰的面前而我们只有4只来对抗的情形下,是十分不保险的。”对上述材料理解不正确的是
A.英德两国的国家矛盾十年来日益尖锐
B.德国打算与英国进行海军军备竞赛
C.英德争夺的焦点是殖民地和贸易问题
D.德国力图与英国成为海上贸易伙伴
22.
巴黎和会对战败国殖民地的“委任统治”与《四国条约》同意互相尊重各方在太平洋“岛屿领地”的权利,实际上是
A.尽可能地维护殖民利益B.最大限度宰割战败国
C.维护和尊重殖民地主权D.国际关系的民主化
23.
以下资料是1941年12月,美日之间一场海上战役的伤亡对比情况。对于这次战役后各方的反应,你认为其中不符合史实的是
 
伤亡人员
击毁飞机
击毁战舰
美国
3000多人
188架
18艘(大型战舰)
日本
200多人
29架
6艘(袖珍潜艇)
 
A.山本五十六“我恐怕我们将一个沉睡的巨人唤醒了,现在他充满了愤怒”
B.丘吉尔:“好了,我们总算赢了。”
C.蒋介石:“愚蠢的日本人!他们打乱了我全部的部署!”
D.罗斯福:“我要求国会宣布:美国和日本帝国之间已处于战争状态。”
24.
“19世纪末20世纪初,帝国主义的殖民体系形成但又过时。”导致这种“过时”的主要原因是
A.存在两大军事集团彼此对峙B.民族解放运动兴起摆脱列强控制
C.英德矛盾促使世界局势紧张D.列强经济发展改变原有力量对比
25.
1943年5月,英美盟军在北非战场取得彻底胜利,为下列哪一项军事行动铺平了道路
A.开辟欧洲第二战场B.西西里岛登陆
C.易北河与苏军会师D.发动柏林战役
26.
“联合国安理会召开紧急会议,介入此次冲突,这是联合国成立以来第一次的军事联合行动,也是冷战的最佳范例,美苏两强在遥远的国度进行军事对抗。”
A.朝鲜战争B.柏林危机
C.古巴危机D.越南战争
27.
一战前,德国总参谋长施里芬就提出,为应付来自东西两面的敌国——俄国与法国的夹攻,可利用德国兵力动员迅速的优势,先用6~8个星期击败法国,而后回头集中力量对抗俄国,有人说这就是日后“闪电战”的雏形。但使得这一构想最终破产的战役是
A.马恩河战役B.凡尔登战役
C.索姆河战役D.阿拉曼战役
28.
2014年2月2日,是二战中某次战役胜利七十一周年的纪念日。这场发生在苏德战场的战役使德军完全丧失了战略主动权,其结果正如德国陆军总参谋长蔡茨勒将军所说的:“等于打断了我们在整个东线的脊梁骨。”这场战役发生的地点是下图的
A.AB.BC.CD.D
29.
梁启超在《欧游心影录》中写道:“虽然侥幸没有小产了去,却成了先天很虚弱的一个孩子,连他的产婆(威尔逊)也弄地焦头烂额,把许多人对于他前途的热望,倒灰冷了一半。就此看来,……这件东西,还未到真正瓜熟蒂落的时候。”材料中所提“未到真正瓜熟蒂落”的根本原因是
A.美国国内的孤立主义B.威尔逊外交才能有限
C.英法两国的坚决反对D.美国的实力不够强大
30.
“九鼎既成,迁于三国。夏后氏失之,殷人受之;殷人失之,周人受之。”其中所说的“九鼎”之所以被广泛重视并在夏商周流转,主要因为它是
A.反映民心民意的凭据B.国王祭祀的重要礼器
C.青铜工艺水平高的标志D.王朝统治权力的象征
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    材料分析题:(2道)

    选择题:(11道)

    单选题:(17道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:1

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:16